Athos-Aspis

Athos-Aspis
Remains of the Chateau, home of the original Athos of the Three Musketeers Remains of the Chateau, home of the original Athos of the Three Musketeers
Athos-Aspis
Location within Aquitaine region Athos-Aspis
Coordinates:
Country	France
Region	Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes
Department	Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Arrondissement	Oloron-Sainte-Marie
Canton	Sauveterre-de-Béarn
Intercommunality	Sauveterre-de-Béarn
Government
• Mayor (2001–2020)	Jean-Robert Lataillade
Area1	6 km2 (2 sq mi)
Population (2010)2	185
• Density	31/km2 (80/sq mi)
INSEE/Postal code	64071 / 64390
Elevation	33–141 m (108–463 ft) (avg. 80 m or 260 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. 2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Athos-Aspis is a French commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Aquitaine region of south-western France.

Geography

Athos-Aspis is located immediately to the north-west of Sauveterre-de-Béarn and just east of Abitain. Access to the commune is by the D27 road from Sauveterre-de-Béarn passing through the east of the commune and going north to Oraas. Access to the village can be by several country roads from the D27 including Arriouteque going to Lespitaou and also the Village road. Apart from the village there is the hamlet of Aspis in the south of the commune. There are significant forests in the east of the commune with the rest farmland.

The Gave d'Oloron forms the whole southern and eastern borders of the commune as it flows north to join the Gave de Pau at Peyrehorade. The Arriouyeque flows from the east of the commune through the centre to join the Gave d'Oloron on the western border. The Ruisseau de Rance rises just east of the commune and flows south-west to join the Arriouteque. The Arrec Heure forms most of the northern border of the commune as it flows west to join the Gave d'Oloron at the north-western corner of the commune.

Places and hamlets

• Aspis
• Athos
• Bouchou
• Cabé
• Les Camous
• La Campagne
• La Campagnole
• Castet
• Cossou
• Couteigt
• Desbos (barns)
• Esperben
• Gabirot
• Garampoey
• Les Garbas
• Gué
• Hau
• Herrou
• Héuré (mill)
• Houssas
• Labourdette
• Lapeyrigne
• Lapisque
• Lavielle
• Mina (côte de)
• Mouliède
• Mousquères
• Natou
• Peyrou
• Poun Agnès
• Pys
• Rioutèque
• Sarrecaute
• L'Usine

Toponymy

The commune name in béarnais is Atos-Aspins.

For Athos Michel Grosclaude proposed the patronym Ato with the Aquitaine suffix -ossum. For Aspis Michel Grosclaude proposed a Gascon etymology es pins meaning "the pines".

The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune.

Name	Spelling	Date	Source	Page	Origin	Description
Athos	Atos	11th century	Raymond	16	Marca	Village
	Atos	1119-1136	Grosclaude		Cartulary
	Sent Per d'Atos	1472	Raymond	16	Notaries
	Atos	1745	Grosclaude		Notaries
	Athos	1750	Cassini
	Atos	1790	Cassini2
Aspis	Espis	1119-1136	Orpustan		Cartulary	Village
	Espis	1385	Raymond	15	Census
	Espiis	1544	Raymond	16	Reformation
	Aespiis	1546	Raymond	16	Reformation
	Spiis	1548	Raymond	16	Reformation
	Aspis	1750	Cassini
Cabé	la maison deu Cabee	1538	Raymond	38	Reformation	Fief (Vassal of the Viscounts of Béarn)
	lo Caver d'Atos	1538	Raymond	38	Reformation
	lo Caber	1548	Raymond	38	Reformation
Pys	Piis-Jusoo	1385	Raymond	140	Census	Fief (Vassal of the Viscounts of Béarn)
	Piis-Susoo	1385	Raymond	140	Census
	Dues maysons aperades los Piis	1538	Raymond	140	Reformation
Rioutèque	L'arriu de Ariuteca	1538	Raymond	142	Reformation	Stream
	Le Riutèque	1863	Raymond	142
La Salle	La Salle d'Athos	1385	Raymond	154	Census	Fief (Vassal of the Viscounts of Béarn)
	La Sala d'Athos	1538	Raymond	154	Reformation
Sarrecaute	Sarrecaute	1385	Raymond	156	Census	Farm
	Serracaute	1614	Raymond	156	Reformation

Sources:

• Raymond: Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, 1863, on the page numbers indicated in the table. (French)
• Grosclaude: Toponymic Dictionary of communes, Béarn, 2006 (French)
• Orpustan: Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, New Basque Toponymy
• Cassini: Cassini Map from 1750
• Cassini2: Cassini Map from 1790

Origins:

• Marca: Pierre de Marca, History of Béarn.
• Cartulary: Cartulary of the Abbey of Saint-Jean de Sorde
• Notaries: Notaries of Labastide-Villefranche
• Census: Census of Béarn
• Reformation: Reformation of Béarn

History

Paul Raymond noted on page 16 that in 1385 Athos had 19 fires and depended on the Bailiwick of Sauveterre as did the fief of Aspis as noted on page 15.

The villages of Athos and Aspis were united into one commune on 10 January 1842.

During the Reformation the Priest at Athos was murdered in his church and the village adopted the new ideas.

Athos is the birthplace of Athos, one of the title characters in the novel The Three Musketeers by Alexandre Dumas. The fictional Athos is named after the historical musketeer Armand de Sillègue d'Athos d'Autevielle (1615–1644), youngest son of Adrien de Sillègue, Lord of Athos and Autevielle. Autevielle is another nearby village in the commune of Autevielle-Saint-Martin-Bideren.

Administration

List of Successive Mayors

From	To	Name	Party	Position
1995	2008	Jean-Robert Lataillade
2008	2014	Jean-Michel Peyruseigt
2014	2020	Jean-Robert Lataillade

(Not all data is known)

Inter-communality

The commune is part of five inter-communal structures:

• the inter-communal centre for social action of Sauveterre-de-Béarn;
• the Community of communes of Sauveterre-de-Béarn;
• the inter-communal association for rivers and of Saleys;
• the AEP association of Sauveterre-de-Béarn;
• the Energy association of Pyrénées-Atlantiques;

Demography

In 2010 the commune had 185 inhabitants. The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known from the population censuses conducted in the commune since 1793. From the 21st century, a census of communes with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants is held every five years, unlike larger towns that have a sample survey every year.

Population Change (See database)

1793	1800	1806	1821	1831	1836	1841	1846	1851
416	418	488	515	332	440	421	438	434

1856	1861	1866	1872	1876	1881	1886	1891	1896
390	367	351	337	357	400	373	338	328

1901	1906	1911	1921	1926	1931	1936	1946	1954
325	326	314	303	290	291	249	236	217

1962	1968	1975	1982	1990	1999	2006	2010	-
209	213	203	201	197	203	189	185	-

Sources : Ldh/EHESS/Cassini until 1962, INSEE database from 1968 (population without double counting and municipal population from 2006)

Population of Athos-Aspis

From 1793 to 1836 the communes of Athos and Aspis were separate but the above table shows the total for both communes during that period.

Economy

Economic activity is mainly agricultural. The commune is part of the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) zone of Ossau-iraty.

Remains of the Château of Athos-Aspis, where the musketeer Athos lived

Culture and heritage

Civil heritage

There are the houses of Lascampagnes, the consul Gourlat, and of Bouchoô the place where Monsigneur Bouchoô was born.

Aspis has a château from the 14th century facing the Gave d'Oloron with a terrace and a door to the garden. There is also the site of an old church and the old school.

At Athos there is a church of Romanesque origin in the old fief of Moliède d'Athos where there was a well-known ferry and ruins of a mill.

Religious heritage

Church of Saint-Pierre

Entrance to the church

The Church of Saint-Pierre is of Romanesque origin and contains a renaissance stoup and a Statue on the Virgin in coloured wood. Behind the Altar is the tomb of Jeanne du Peyrer "Lady of Athos and Aspis" and mother of the musketeer. The renaissance door has a stone carving from the 14th century upside down (it was probably a stone that was reused).

The cemetery has the tomb of the design engineer of the Sauveterre bridge and also that of Edmond Gourlat, consul of France and local personality.

Notable people linked to the commune

The birth of the musketeer Athos in the commune is debatable. A plaque near the church says that he was born in the Lassalle house where only parts of walls remain but the village of Autevielle also claims his birth in the fortified house of Moliède d'Athos which has some remains of strong walls.

Athos was the birthplace of Jean-Baptiste Boucho, born in the Bouchoô house in 1797, French Apostolic vicar of the Malay peninsula.

Bibliography

• History of Athos and Aspis, Alexis Ichas (French)

See also

• Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department

External links

• Athos-Aspis on Google Maps
• Athos-Aspis on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website (French)
• Athos and Aspis on the 1750 Cassini Map
• Athos-Aspis on the INSEE website (French)
• INSEE (French)