Aurad

Aurad(B) ಔರಾದ್
small city
Aurad(B) Location in Karnataka, India
Coordinates:
Country	India
State	Karnataka
District	Bidar
Area rank	90.52%
Elevation	542 m (1,778 ft)
Population (2001)
• Total	16,189
Languages
• Official	Kannada
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
Vehicle registration	KA 38

'Aurad' (Barahalli) is a panchayat town in Bidar district in the state of Karnataka, India.

History

Aurad is the entrance of Karnataka from the north and has a famous Sri Amareshwar temple located in the heart of town. The temple was built in the 10th century. There has been no serious survey on the history of Aurad but the experts and historians who visited Aurad had undoubtedly clarified on the basis of the fragments, that the earlier Avarawadi is today's Aurad. A fragment found in the Amareshwar Temple and one at Amareshwar Girls High School, it was clearly mentioned the name of Avarwadi. The inscriptions were in Kannada and were dated to the 10th century. Hence, it is highly presumed by the author of "Aurad Taluku Darshana" a Kannada Edition by Sri. Shivakumar Katte,who did study on Aurad and announced that the then 'Awarwadi' might have been routinized as Amareshwarwadi, Amarwadi, Awarwadi, Awaradi, Awarad and the present Aurad. For detailed history read the referred book.

The Vikramaditya-VI was the king of Kalyani Chalukyas. He was an award of Tribhuvanmalladeva. Over 50 inscriptions were found in Bidar District which were of his time. The inscriptions found in and around Aurad were also belongs to the dynasty of Vikramaditya-VI. His son Someshwar-III ruled out Aurad. In 1130 the Aurad area was under the control of Ereyamarasa who was the Mandal Chief of Someshwar-III.

In 1130 the Avarwadi area was ruled out by Someshwar-III the son of Vikramaditya-VI and Someshwara's Maha Mandaleshwar Yereya Marasa was the head of Awarawadi. He donated his Nagarhal village to Lord Revaneshwar. In the same time Hemmadiyarasa was looking after so may villages of Awarawadi viz. Aluru, Goudgaonve, Kavaligave, Dayasawalige, Gukkave, Borigave, Nerilige, Hippalgave,etc. he might have been paid taxes of these villages.

Dandanayaka SRIDHARAYYA

In 1133 AD Sridharayya was the Dandanayaka i.e. Army Chief of Someshwar-III, he ruled out Avarawadi. He was the Chief of Bodhan. At his time village Bhayigave has been donated by Princess Patta Mahadevi to the development of Lord Somanath Temple. The Bhayigave village was under Sakkarge-80 which was the sub-division of Awarawadi. The inscription of Karadkhed is showing clearly that the Sridharayya was ruling out Awarawadi and Bodhana.

Thereafter, Awarawadi was ruled out by Jagadekamall and Someshwara-IV, the sons of Someshwara-III and after some time the wife of Jagadekamalla Princes Machchaldevi was ruled Awarawadi. Someshwara-IV ruled Awarawadi in 1184 AD to 1200 AD.

Prior to 1905 Bidar district had Bidar, Kohir, Janwada, Aurad, Udgir, Ahmedpur and Nilanga as its talukas. Janwada and Ahmedpur were Surf-E-Khasa's of Nizam. In the year 1905 when Gulbarga was declared as Division, Aurad and Kohir talukas were terminated and the places belongs to Aurad were transferred to Janwada. In the year 1950 on the basis of Hyderabad Jagir Abolition act Bidar district was established and Aurad was again reconstructed as one of the taluka headquarters. The places which were transferred to Janwada were reallotted to Aurad.

Inscriptions

An inscription (fragment) was found in Amareshwar Temple, Aurad.In the front portion of inscription it was written; 1).................................. 2)......... wadi noorara gram sa.... 3)masta prabhu gavundangala......... 4)diya sri amareshwar de............ 5)khandi sputita jirnodharakam...... 6)tanarth dharapoorvakam............ 7)..................................

On the back portion of inscription ; 8).....tam paradattam va yo ha...... 9).....ram shastivarsha saha........ 10)....yam jayate krimi............. 11).....meyim daddawatta ........... 12).....moodanalli ghaleya 15 ma.... 13)sarva bhadha pariharama.......... 14).................................

It has been assumed that, a 15 Ghale land nearby Dodda Betta (Chandi Betta) towards west had been donated to Lord Amareshwar and the same had been cleared by all taxes. The land had been donated only for the development of Amareshwar Temple. The letters are of prior to the 12th century. If anybody encroaches the land he may be borne as worm of dirt for a period of 60-thousand years. The inscription seems to be a curse.

One more inscription found in the ground of Amareshwar Girls High school at Aurad; which reads as follows; 1) maharachayabhya vidyana sridati samanvita dannayaka ... ta...laru 2) nagambiketi vikyat nagaramarvadike parshva chandra jinendrasya kootam Dha 3) marpitottam...

There is no reference of its period, but it has been assumed that the inscription was from the 10th century. It may be presumed that, Princess Nagambika has built a Jain temple at Aurad. To support this, a Parshwanatha Tirthankara statue was found in the Aurad tank while silting in 1957. It might be the same statue which Princess Nagambika established into the Jain temple. There is no sign of the temple.

Amareshwara Temple

It might have been built in the 10th century. There are two Gaja Laxmis at the entrance of the temple and a platform of Chandrashile i.e. Tortoise stone for saluting Lord Amareshwara by putting both of our knees on it. The system of Gaja Laxmi and Chandrashile was found in the 10th century.

Lord Amareshwara of Aurad was the saint from heaven, has done unbroken meditation for God prior to the 10th century. There was a thick forest and an anthill was buildup around him, a cow was feeding her milk everyday which was the outstanding scene for the people of surrounding, then they with a pure curiosity started digging the anthill, there was disembodied voice that " Amareshwara is meditating, don't dig the anthill". This is the story believed by the people of Aurad till today and later on the present temple was builtup by the devotees of Lord Amareshwara.

Geography

Aurad is located at . It has an average elevation of 542 metres (1778 feet). Aurad is 840 km from Bengaluru and 42 km from District Headquarters Bidar. The area of Aurad is 1,227.20 km² having 6 circles, 149 villages and 177 thandas. It is located 542-610 Mtr height from the sea-level. Aurad taluka is one of the five talukas of the Bidar District. It is bounded by Maharashtra on the North-west, Bhalki taluka on the South and Andhra Pradesh in the East. This is the largest taluka in the district.

Soil

The soil in the district are mainly categorized as deep to shallow, black clay in major areas. Aurad taluka consists of shallow to medium black soil and also a deep black soil. The soil consists of nitrate, sulpher, potash in smaller quantities. There is deficiency of copper and boron elements in the soil. The black soil is clay to clay loam in texture. The pH of the soil is neutral, low in carbon. The water holding capacity is low.

River

Manjra is the tributary of Godavari, which enters into Aurad at Horandi and flows as taluka boundary through Sonal, Kalgapur, Hulsur, Khed, Halalli, Nidoda, Nittur, Babli, Bachepalli. Ladha, Koutha(B), Khanapur and at the end it leaves Aurad at Kandgul village.

Climate

The climate is generally dry and healthy. The average rainfall of the taluka is 840 mm. Average number of rainy days are about 51 days. Though the claimate is dry throughout the year, summer months become very hot and the temperature goes as high as 40-43 degree Celsius. The minimum temperature during winter goes as low as 15-10 degree Celsius.

Kannada Sahitya Sammelana, Aurad Taluka Karnataka,

Aurad taluka level 3rd Kannada Sahitya Sammelana was held on 3 & 4 March 2014 in the Chairmanship of Shivakumar Katte. A procession of Bhuvaneshwari with Shivakumar Katte started from Amareshwar Temple to Amareshwar Degree college with thousands of people. It is a historical procession along with school students and other artisans. Senior Folklore writer Siddu Diwan from Mudhol, inaugurated the Sammelana. The president Shivakumar Katte gave presidential speech.As a mark of this sammelana CHENDAVETTA Souvenir has been released.

The first Kannada Sahitya Sammelana was held on 19 & 20 January 2004 in the presidency of Siddaram Sharanaru Beldal and the second sammelana was held on 20-21st December 2011 in the presidency of folklore writer Dr.Rajendra Yarnale of Thana Kushnur. As a mark of this sammelana AMARWADI souvenir was released.

Demographics

Template:According to the provisional census of India Aurad had a population of 19,849. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Aurad has an average literacy rate of 61.6%, lower than the national average of 74.04%; with 68.7% of the males and 54.3% of females being literate. 17% of the population is under 6 years of age.

The total population of Aurad taluka as per (PCA)2011 census is 2,78,400 consisting of 1,42,309 as males and 1,36,091 females. The density of population in the taluka is 200 persons per.km²; the sex ratio is 950.The scheduled caste population is about 88,683 accounting for about 32% of the total population and scheduled tribes with a population of 30,582 constitutes 11% of the total population of the taluka Kannada is the most widely spoken language in Aurad. Marathi is also spoken in the border villages of Aurad taluka.

References

  4.Provisional census 2011 by directorate census operations karnataka