Batak languages

Batak
	Toba–Batak
Geographic; distribution:	Sumatra, Indonesia
Linguistic classification:	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Nuclear MP Northwest Sumatran Batak; ; ; ;
	; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
ISO 639-2 / 5:	btk
Glottolog:	toba1265
	File:Bataks in north sumatra.svg The regencies of North Sumatra, coloured to show the basic language locations. Batak speakers are in Aceh, neighbouring the Karo lands. The lands to the east were historically Malay kingdoms.

The Batak languages are spoken by Batak of North Sumatra, Indonesia.

Historically they were written using Batak script but the Latin script is now used for most writing.

There are considered to be two main Batak language groups, Northern Batak and Southern Batak. Simalungun has been considered an intermediary, but more recent studies suggest that it is a part of the Southern Batak group.^[2] Within Northern Batak, a study noted 76% cognate words between Karo and Batak, 81% with Pakpak, 80% with Simalungun, and 30% with Malay (Indonesian).^[3] Karo and Toba Batak are mutually unintelligible.

Northern Batak: Pak-Pak Dairi, Karo
Southern Batak (Tobaic): Simalungun, Angkola–Batak Mandailing, Batak Toba

Mandailing and Angkola are closer related to each other than to Toba. The geographical influences on the Batak languages can be seen in the map to the right; Lake Toba separates the Karo from direct contact with the Toba.

References

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↑ Comparative Austronesian dictionary Vol. 1. by Darrell T. Tryon, Shigeru Tsuchida et al. p421 et seq
↑ The Austronesian languages of Asia and Madagascar. K. Alexander Adelaar, Nikolaus Himmelmann, p. 535

External links

http://unicode-table.com/en/sections/batak/

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[Glottolog-1] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[2] Comparative Austronesian dictionary Vol. 1. by Darrell T. Tryon, Shigeru Tsuchida et al. p421 et seq

[3] The Austronesian languages of Asia and Madagascar. K. Alexander Adelaar, Nikolaus Himmelmann, p. 535

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Batak languages

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Batak
Toba–Batak
Geographic distribution:	Sumatra, Indonesia
Linguistic classification:	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Nuclear MP Northwest Sumatran Batak

ISO 639-2 / 5:	`btk`
Glottolog:	`toba1265`^[1]
File:Bataks in north sumatra.svg The regencies of North Sumatra, coloured to show the basic language locations. Batak speakers are in Aceh, neighbouring the Karo lands. The lands to the east were historically Malay kingdoms.