Bullying culture

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Bullying culture is the context or venue in which a bullying pattern of behavior is ordinary or routine. It is about an imbalance of social, physical or other power involving a person or group.^[1]

The culture of bullying includes daily activities and the way people relate to each other.^[2] A bullying culture emphasizes a winner/loser way of thinking. It also encourages domination and aggression.^[3]

In the workplace

Bullying is seen to be prevalent in organisations where employees and managers feel that they have the support, or at least implicitly the blessing, of senior managers to carry on their abusive and bullying behaviour. Furthermore, new managers will quickly come to view this form of behaviour as acceptable and normal if they see others get away with it and are even rewarded for it.^[4]

When bullying happens at the highest levels, the effects may be far reaching. That people may be bullied irrespective of their organisational status or rank, including senior managers, indicates the possibility of a negative domino effect, where bullying may be cascaded downwards as the targeted supervisors might offload their own aggression on their subordinates. In such situations, a bullying scenario in the boardroom may actually threaten the productivity of the entire organisation.^[5]

Culture of fear

Ashforth discussed potentially destructive sides of leadership and identified what he referred to as petty tyrants, i.e.leaders who exercise a tyrannical style of management, resulting in a climate of fear in the workplace.^[6] Partial or intermittent negative reinforcement can create an effective climate of fear and doubt.^[7] When employees get the sense that bullies “get away with it”, a climate of fear may be the result.^[5] Several studies have confirmed a relationship between bullying, on the one hand, and an autocratic leadership and an authoritarian way of settling conflicts or dealing with disagreements, on the other. An authoritarian style of leadership may create a climate of fear, where there is little or no room for dialogue and where complaining may be considered futile.^[4]

In a study of public-sector union members, approximately one in five workers reported having considered leaving the workplace as a result of witnessing bullying taking place. Rayner explained these figures by pointing to the presence of a climate of fear in which employees considered reporting to be unsafe, where bullies had “got away with it” previously despite management knowing of the presence of bullying.^[5]

References

Newspaper headlines about bullying

↑ Dupper, David R. (2013). School Bullying: New Perspectives on a Growing Problem, p. 5.
↑ Dupper, p. 6.
↑ Lipkins, Susan. "Vulture Culture: How we encourage bullying" at realpsychology.com; retrieved 2013-2-20.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Salin D, Helge H “Organizational Causes of Workplace Bullying” in Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace: Developments in Theory, Research, and Practice (2010)
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Helge H, Sheehan MJ, Cooper CL, Einarsen S “Organisational Effects of Workplace Bullying” in Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace: Developments in Theory, Research, and Practice (2010)
↑ Ashforth, Blake Petty tyranny in organizations Human Relations, Vol. 47, No. 7, 755-778 (1994)
↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

v t e Bullying
Types	Abusive supervision Cyberbullying Disability bullying Gay bashing Hazing Military bullying Mobbing Passive aggression Peer victimization Prison bullying Rankism Relational aggression School bullying Sexual bullying Workplace bullying (Academia Higher education Information technology Legal aspects Legal profession Medicine Nursing Teaching)
Elements	Betrayal Blacklisting Bullying and emotional intelligence Bullying culture Character assassination Control Coercion Climate of fear Defamation Destabilisation Discrediting Embarrassment False accusation Gaslighting Gossip Harassment Humiliation Incivility Innuendo Insult Intimidation Kiss up kick down Mind games Moving the goalposts Nagging Name calling Personal attacks Psychological abuse Physical abuse Rudeness Sarcasm School pranks Setting up to fail Silent treatment Smear campaign Social undermining Taunting Teasing Whispering campaign Workplace incivility Verbal abuse Yelling
Organizations	Act Against Bullying Ditch the Label Bullying UK It Gets Better Project Kidscape GRIN Campaign Jer's Vision
Activists	Andrea Adams Louise Burfitt-Dons Tim Field SuEllen Fried Heinz Leymann Gary Namie Kenneth Westhues Liam Hackett
Actions	Anti-Bullying Day Anti-Bullying Week International STAND UP to Bullying Day Anti-bullying legislation International Day of Pink
Notable suicides (List)	Kelly Yeomans (1997) Dawn-Marie Wesley (2000) Nicola Ann Raphael (2001) Ryan Halligan (2003) Megan Meier (2006) Tyler Clementi (2010) Phoebe Prince (2010) Jamey Rodemeyer (2011) Jamie Hubley (2011) Kenneth Weishuhn (2012) Amanda Todd (2012) Audrie Pott (2012) Jadin Bell (2013) Rehtaeh Parsons (2013)
Murder–suicides (incidents)	Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold (Columbine, 1999) Jeff Weise (Red Lake, 2005) Elliot Rodger (Isla Vista, 2014)
Related topics	Control freak Complex post-traumatic stress disorder Dehumanization Depression Emotional blackmail Machiavellianism in the workplace Narcissism in the workplace Personal boundaries Personality disorders Psychological manipulation Psychological projection Psychological trauma Psychopathy in the workplace Scapegoating Self-esteem Suicide among LGBT youth Sycophancy Victim blaming Victim playing Victimisation Whistleblowing

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