Constitution of Slovakia

The Constitution of Slovakia, officially Constitution of the Slovak Republic (Slovak: Ústava Slovenskej republiky) is the current constitution of Slovakia. It was passed by the Slovak National Council on 1 September 1992 and signed on 3 September 1992 in the Knights Hall of the Bratislava Castle. It went to effect on 1 October 1992 (some parts 1 January 1993).

The passing of constitution is now remembered as Constitution Day on 1 September.

History

Slovak Constitution was prepared hastily in 1992, with many formulations taken directly from the Czechoslovak Constitution of 1920 and being marked by a compromise with socialism. According to Slovak lawyer Ján Drgonec many parts of the constitution are hard if not impossible to execute.

Overview

The text of the Constitution is divided into the preamble and 9 parts (most parts are divided into chapters), which in turn are divided into 156 articles and they may but don't need to be divided further into paragraphs and/or letters.

• The Preamble
• First part
  • General provisions (a. 1 to 7a)
  • State symbols (a. 8 and 9)
  • Capital of the Slovak Republic (a. 10)
• Second part - Fundamental rights and freedoms
  • General provisions (a. 11 to 13)
  • Fundamental human rights and freedoms (a. 14 to 25)
  • Political rights (a. 26 to 32)
  • Rights of national minorities and ethnic groups (a. 33 and 34)
  • Economic, social and cultural rights (a. 35 to 43)
  • Right to protect the environment and cultural heritage (a. 44 and 45)
  • Right to judicial and other legal protection (a. 46 to 50)
  • Part one and part two joint provisions (a. 51 to 54)
• Third part
  • Economy in the Slovak Republic (a. 55 to 59)
  • Supreme Audit of the Slovak Republic (a. 60 to 63)
• Fourth part - Legal self-governing bodies (no chapters, a. 64 to 71)
• Fifth part - Legislative power
  • National Council of the Slovak Republic (a. 72 to 92)
  • Referendum (a. 93 to 100)
• Sixth part - Executive power
  • President of the Slovak Republic (a. 101 to 107)
  • Government of the Slovak Republic (a. 108 to 123)
• Seventh part - Judicial power (2 chapters)
  • Constitutional Court of the Slovak Republic (a. 124 to 140)
  • Judiciary of the Slovak Republic (a. 141 to 148)
• Eighth part - Office of the public prosecutors in the Slovak Republic
  • Public prosecutors of the Slovak Republic (a. 149 to 151)
  • Ombudsman (a. 151a)
• Ninth part - Transitory and final provisions (no chapters, a. 152 to 156)

Amendments

Three fifths of the votes in the parliament are necessary to supplement and/or amend the Constitution. It has been amended several times.

1. Amendment from 14 July 1998: This is rather a minor amendment: The President could be elected on a suggestion of at least 8 MPs (the President was voted by the parliament at that time) and some of the President's powers were transferred to the Speaker of Parliament.
2. Amendment from 14 January 1999: President was no longer voted by the Parliament, and begun to be elected by popular vote for five years. It also changes President's powers and his relations between him and other institutions.
3. Amendment from 23 February 2001: It is the greatest amendment so far, relating to the Slovakia's attempt to enter the European Union (e.g. Slovakia will recognize international treaties). It also changes the electoral law, introduces ombudsman to the Slovak law system, transfers right to name judges for unlimited time from parliament to the President and other major or minor changes in functions of nearly all institutions.
4. Amendment from 4 March 2004: Minor change to the constitution, from article 78, paragraph 2, where the last sentence was omitted.
5. Amendment from 14 May 2004: Amendment was in relation to the preparation to the European Parliament election. It added sentence about inconsistency of being an MP in the Parliament and in the European Parliament. It also extended rights of the Constitutional Court of Slovakia for ruling whether the election to the EP is constitutional.
6. Amendment from 27 September 2005: Expanded the authority of the Supreme Audit Office to include oversight of the finances of regional and local governments. In disputed cases, it granted the Constitutional Court the authority to decide whether the Supreme Audit Office has the constitutional right of oversight in that case.
7. Amendment 3 February 2006
8. Amendment 14 March 2006
9. Amendment 4 March 2010
10. Amendment 21 October 2011
11. Amendment 26 July 2012
12. Amendment from 4 June 2014: Defined marriage as a bond between one man and one woman.
13. Amendment from 21 October 2014: Banned the export of drinking and mineral waters in pipelines and water tanks. The ban excludes bottled water and water for personal use.

See also

• Constitutional Court of Slovakia

External links

• The text of the Constitution on the Slovak government website (Slovak, includes all amendments)
• The text of the Constitution on the Slovak government website (English, includes only the first two amendments)
• The unofficial translation of the Constitution (English, most up to date)