Corynespora cassiicola
| Corynespora cassiicola | |
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C. cassiicola
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| Binomial name | |
| Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) C.T. Wei, (1950)
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Cercospora melonis Cooke, Gard. Chron., (1896) |
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Corynespora cassiicola is a species of fungus well known as a plant pathogen. It is a sac fungus in the family Corynesporascaceae. It is the type species of the genus Corynespora.[1]
This fungus infects over 530 species of plants[1] in 53 families.[2] It is most common in the tropics and subtropics.[1] It has also been isolated from nematodes and from human skin.[1]
The fungus is known as a pathogen of many agricultural crop plants, especially cowpea, cucumber, papaya, rubber, soybean, and tomato. It has caused crop failures resulting in high economic losses in over 70 countries,[1] including losses of over US$3000 per acre in tomato crops in Florida in the United StatesVery apposite - "to the bearers of arms shall come targets".[2] On several plants, such as tomatoes, the fungus causes a disease called target spot[3] or target leaf spot.[2] The disease is identified by leaf damage taking the form of target-shaped spots with light centres and dark margins, as well as pits on the fruit.[3] The fungus also causes a disease on the cultivated rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis called corynespora leaf fall (CLF).[4] It is one of the most economically significant fungal pathogens of rubber trees in Asia and Africa, causing "fishbone"- or "railway track"-shaped lesions on the leaves.[5]
The fungus has been the subject of genetic analysis, which revealed that it has a high genetic diversity. Results of this variation within the species include its ability to adapt to many hosts and many environments, and its ability to cause different kinds of disease states in its host plants.[1] Several isolates of the fungus have recently proven to be resistant to the fungicide benzimidazole, making the fungus harder to treat in crops.[6]
Because it also infects many plants that are considered noxious weeds, the fungus has been proposed for use as a bioherbicide and an agent of biological pest control.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Dixon, L. J., et al. (2009). Host specialization and phylogenetic diversity of Corynespora cassiicola. Phytopathology 99(9) 1015-27.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Research in Pacific and Caribbean Basins on Corynespora cassiicola. USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Pernezny, K. Disease Management: Target Spot of Tomato. University of Florida, IFAS.
- ↑ Déon, M., et al. (2014). Diversity of the cassiicolin gene in Corynespora cassiicola and relation with the pathogenicity in Hevea brasiliensis. Fungal Biology 118(1) 32-47.
- ↑ Qi, Y. X., et al. (2007). Detection of Corynespora cassiicola in Hevea rubber tree from China. Australasian Plant Disease Notes 2 153-55.
- ↑ Xavier, S. A., et al. (2013). Sensitivity of Corynespora cassiicola from soybean to carbendazim and prothioconazole. Tropical Plant Pathology 38(5).
External links
- Corynespora cassiicola. Index Fungorum.
- Corynespora cassiicola. USDA ARS Fungal Database.
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