Cry1Ac
Cry1Ac protoxin is a crystal protein produced by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) during sporulation. Cry1Ac is one of the delta endotoxins produced by this bacterium which act as insecticides. Because of this, the genes for these have been introduced into commercially important crops by genetic engineering (e.g. cotton and tomato by Monsanto) in order to confer pest resistance on those plants.[1][2][3]
Transgenic Bt cotton initially expressed a single Bt gene, which codes for Cry1Ac.[4] Subsequently, Bt cotton has added other delta endotoxins.[5] Products such as Bt cotton, Bt brinjal and genetically modified maize have received attention due to a number of issues, including genetically modified food controversies,[6][7][8] and the Séralini affair.[9][10]
Cry1Ac is a mucosal adjuvant (an immune-response enhancer).[11][12][13] It has been used in research to develop a vaccine against the amoeba Naegleria fowleri.[14] This amoeba can invade and attack the human nervous system and brain, causing primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, which is nearly always fatal.
See also
References
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- ↑ Choudhary B, Gaur K. 2010. Bt Cotton in India: A Country Profile. ISAAA Series of Biotech Crop Profiles. ISAAA: Ithaca, NY. James, Clive. 2009. Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2009. ISAAA Brief No.41. ISAAA: Ithaca, NY.
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- ↑ Shipman M. Carolinas field study: Is Bt corn losing against corn earworm? Southeast Farm Press, Jun 1, 2015. [1]
- ↑ Pests could overcome GM cotton toxins: Caterpillars reveal a chink in the armour of transgenic crops. Heidi Ledford [2]
- ↑ Arya S, Shrivastav S. Seeds of doubt: Monsanto never had Bt cotton patent. Times of India; Jun 8, 2015. [3]
- ↑ Genetic Literacy Project. The Industry Funding Behind Anti-GMO Activist Gilles-Éric Séralini. June 19, 2015. [4]
- ↑ Profile of Gilles-Éric Séralini, Author Of Republished Retracted GMO Corn Rat Study. http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2014/06/24/profile-of-gilles-eric-seralini-author-of-republished-retracted-gmo-corn-rat-study/
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