Dhammazedi

Dhammazedi
ဓမ္မစေတီ
Dhammazedi; ဓမ္မစေတီ
King of Hanthawaddy
Reign	1471–1492
Predecessor	Shin Sawbu
Successor	Binnya Ran II
Born	November/December 1409; Monday, 771 ME
Died	1492; Pegu
Consort	Mi Pakahtaw
Issue	Binnya Ran II
Religion	Theravada Buddhism

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Dhammazedi (Burmese: ဓမ္မစေတီ, pronounced: [dəma̰zèdì]; c. 1409–1492) was the 16th king of the Hanthawaddy Kingdom in Burma from 1471 to 1492. Considered one of the most enlightened rulers in Burmese history, by some accounts call him "the greatest" of all Hanthawaddy kings.^[2] The former Buddhist monk, educated in the rival kingdom of Ava in his youth, was a trusted adviser and son-in-law of Queen Shin Sawbu. At age 48, he left the monkhood after he was selected by Shin Sawbu as the heir apparent, and was married to one of the queen's daughters. He immediately became the de facto ruler of the kingdom as Shin Sawbu handed over all administrative duties to him.

During Dhammazedi's long reign, the Mon-speaking kingdom reached the peak of its golden age. Under his wise rule, the kingdom, unlike the rival Ava Kingdom, was peaceful, and profited greatly from foreign commerce. His reign was a time of peace and he himself was a mild ruler, famous for his wisdom.^[2] A collection of his rulings, Dhammazedi Pyatton, survives.^[3] The kingdom also became a famous center of Theravada Buddhism, with strong ties to Ceylon, and resumed the practice of sending missions to Buddhagaya. His religious reforms later spread throughout the country.^[4] He maintained friendly relations with Yunnan.

According to DGE Hall, "He was a Buddhist ruler of the best type, deeply solicitous for the purification of religion. Under him civilization flourished, and the condition of the Mon country stands out in sharp contrast with the disorder and savagery which characterized the Ava kingdom."^[2]

He died in 1492. He was honored as a saint and a pagoda was erected over his bones. He was succeeded by his eldest son Binnya Ran II.

Brief

Various Burmese chronicles report slightly different dates for the key events of his life.

Chronicles	Birth–Death	Age	Reign	Length of reign
Slapat Rajawan^{[note 1]}	c. November 1409^{[note 2]}	81	1470–1491^[5]	21^{[note 3]}
Maha Yazawin and Hmannan Yazawin	not reported	not reported	1471–1492^[6]^[7]	21

Notes

↑ Slapat provides wildly divergent and inconsistent dates for the early Hanthawaddy history, including the reign of this king. The birth-death and regnal dates use the regnal years given in the Slapat chronicle with 888 ME (1526/27), the death year of King Binnya Ran II, which is in agreement with standard Burmese chronicles, as the anchor reference point.
↑ (Slapat 1922: 96): He was born in 771 ME in the season of Byeissa (ဗြိစ္ဆာ), which corresponds to Scorpio. It means he was probably born around November/December of 1409.
↑ The reign period calculated from the reign start date of Binnya Ran II (1491) and the reign end date of Shin Sawbu (1470) as given in (Slapat 1922: 69 and 104) respectively. (Slapat 1922: 96) says he reigned for 27 years, and died at age 74 (75th year) in 1483/84, which contradicts its own reporting elsewhere.

References

↑ Slapat 1922: 96
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Hall 1960: 36–37
↑ Harvey 1925: 117–120
↑ Myint-U 2006: 64–65
↑ Slapat 1922: 69, 104
↑ Maha Vol. 2 2006: 140
↑ Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 185

Bibliography

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Regnal titles
Dhammazedi Hanthawaddy Dynasty Born: 1409 Died: 1492
Preceded by Shin Sawbu	King of Hanthawaddy 1471–1492	Succeeded by Binnya Ran II
Royal titles
Preceded by Binnya Waru	Heir to the Hanthawaddy Throne 1457–1471	Succeeded by Binnya Ran II

[5] Slapat provides wildly divergent and inconsistent dates for the early Hanthawaddy history, including the reign of this king. The birth-death and regnal dates use the regnal years given in the Slapat chronicle with 888 ME (1526/27), the death year of King Binnya Ran II, which is in agreement with standard Burmese chronicles, as the anchor reference point.

[6] (Slapat 1922: 96): He was born in 771 ME in the season of Byeissa (ဗြိစ္ဆာ), which corresponds to Scorpio. It means he was probably born around November/December of 1409.

[8] The reign period calculated from the reign start date of Binnya Ran II (1491) and the reign end date of Shin Sawbu (1470) as given in (Slapat 1922: 69 and 104) respectively. (Slapat 1922: 96) says he reigned for 27 years, and died at age 74 (75th year) in 1483/84, which contradicts its own reporting elsewhere.

[my-96-1] Slapat 1922: 96

[dgeh-36-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Hall 1960: 36–37

[geh-3] Harvey 1925: 117–120

[rlf-64-65-4] Myint-U 2006: 64–65

[sr-69-104-7] Slapat 1922: 69, 104

[my-2-140-9] Maha Vol. 2 2006: 140

[hy-2-185-10] Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 185

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[note 1]

[note 2]

[5]

[note 3]

[6]

[7]

v t e Burmese monarchs
Pagan Dynasty 849–1297	Pyinbya Tannet Sale Theinhko Nyaung-u Sawrahan Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu Kyiso Sokkate Anawrahta Sawlu Kyansittha Sithu I Narathu Naratheinkha Sithu II Htilominlo Naratheinga Uzana¹ Kyaswa Uzana Narathihapate Kyawswa²
Myinsaing and Pinya Kingdoms 1297–1364	Athinkhaya¹, Yazathingyan¹ and Thihathu¹ Thihathu Uzana I Sithu¹ Kyawswa I Kyawswa II Narathu Uzana II
Sagaing Kingdom 1315–1364	Saw Yun Tarabya I Anawrahta I Kyaswa Anawrahta II Tarabya II Minbyauk Thihapate
Ava Kingdom 1364–1555	Thadominbya Swasawke Tarabya Minkhaung I Thihathu Min Hla Kale Kyetaungnyo Mohnyin Thado Minye Kyawswa I Narapati I Thihathura Minkhaung II and Thihathura II Narapati II Sawlon³ and Thohanbwa³ Hkonmaing³ Narapati III³ Narapati IV³
Hanthawaddy Kingdom 1287–1539, 1550–1552	Wareru Hkun Law Saw O Saw Zein Zein Pun Saw E Binnya E Law Binnya U Razadarit Binnya Dhammaraza Binnya Ran I Binnya Waru Binnya Kyan Leik Munhtaw Shin Sawbu Dhammazedi Binnya Ran II Takayutpi Smim Sawhtut⁴ Smim Htaw⁴
Mrauk U Kingdom 1429–1785	Saw Mon Khayi Ba Saw Phyu Dawlya Ba Saw Nyo Ran Aung Salingathu Raza Gazapati Saw O Thazata Minkhaung Min Bin Dikkha Saw Hla Sekkya Phalaung Razagyi Khamaung Thiri Thudhamma Sanay Narapati Thado Sanda Thudhamma Thiri Thuriya Wara Dhammaraza Muni Thudhammaraza Sanda Thuriya I Nawrahta Mayuppiya Kalamandat Naradipati Sanda Wimala I Sanda Thuriya II Sanda Wizaya Sanda Thuriya III Naradipati II Narapawara Sanda Wizala Madarit Nara Apaya Thirithu Sanda Parama Apaya Sanda Thumana Sanda Wimala II Sanda Thaditha Maha Thammada
Prome Kingdom 1482–1542	Thado Minsaw Bayin Htwe Narapati⁵ Minkhaung⁵
Toungoo Dynasty 1510–1752	Mingyi Nyo Tabinshwehti Bayinnaung Nanda Nyaungyan Anaukpetlun Minye Deibba Thalun Pindale Pye Narawara Minye Kyawhtin Sanay Taninganway Mahadhammaraza Dipadi
Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom 1740–1757	Smim Htaw Buddhaketi Binnya Dala
Konbaung Dynasty 1752–1885	Alaungpaya Naungdawgyi Hsinbyushin Singu Phaungka Bodawpaya Bagyidaw Tharrawaddy Pagan Mindon Thibaw
¹Regent or Co-Regent ²Mongol vassal (1297) ³Confederation of Shan States (1527–55) ⁴Brief revival (1550–52) ⁵Vassal of Confederation of Shan States (1532–42)

Dhammazedi

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