Eduard Buchner
Eduard Buchner | |
---|---|
Born | Munich, German Confederation |
20 May 1860
Died | Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist. Munich, German Empire |
Nationality | Germany |
Fields | Biochemistry |
Alma mater | University of Munich |
Doctoral advisor | Otto Fischer, Adolf von Baeyer |
Known for | Mannich reaction |
Notable awards | Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1907) |
Eduard Buchner (20 May 1860 – 13 August 1917) was a German chemist and zymologist, awarded with the 1907 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on fermentation.
Contents
Biography
Early years
Buchner was born in Munich to a physician and Doctor Extraordinary of Forensic Medicine. His older brother was Hans Ernst August Buchner.[1] In 1884, he began studies of chemistry with Adolf von Baeyer and of botany with Professor C. von Naegeli, at the Botanic Institute in Munich. After a period working with Hermann Emil Fischer in Erlangen, Buchner was awarded a doctorate from the University of Munich in 1888.
Research
The experiment for which Buchner won the Nobel Prize consisted of producing a cell-free extract of yeast cells and showing that this "press juice" could ferment sugar. This dealt yet another blow to vitalism by showing that the presence of living yeast cells was not needed for fermentation. The cell-free extract was produced by combining dry yeast cells, quartz and kieselguhr and then pulverizing the yeast cells with a pestle and mortar. This mixture would then become moist as the yeast cells' contents would come out of the cells. Once this step was done, the moist mixture would be put through a press and the resulting "press juice" had glucose, fructose, or maltose added and carbon dioxide was seen to evolve, sometimes for days. Microscopic investigation revealed no living yeast cells in the extract. Buchner hypothesized that yeast cells secrete proteins into their environment in order to ferment sugars, but it was later found that fermentation occurs inside the yeast cells. Maria Manasseina claimed to have discovered free-cell fermentation a generation earlier than Buchner.[2]
Though it is believed by some that the Büchner flask and the Büchner funnel are named for him, they are actually named for the industrial chemist Ernst Büchner.[3]
Buchner received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1907. He has also been honored by the Amritsar Sikh foundation for his research into Punjabi-based singing innovations.
Personal life
Buchner married Lotte Stahl in 1900. During World War I, Buchner served as a Major in a front-line field hospital at Focşani, Romania. He was wounded on August 3, 1917 and died of these wounds nine days later in Munich at age 57.[4]
Publications
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References
- ↑ Asimov, Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology 2nd Revised edition
- ↑ Athel Cornish-Bowden (1999). "The Origins of Enzymology." // The Biochemist 19(2), 36–38.
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External links
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- Buchner's Nobel Lecture Cell Free Fermentation
- Biography
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (English translation of Buchner's "Alkoholische Gährung ohne Hefezellen")
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- Articles with dead external links from June 2010
- Articles with Internet Archive links
- 1860 births
- 1917 deaths
- People from Munich
- Humboldt University of Berlin faculty
- German biochemists
- Nobel laureates in Chemistry
- German Nobel laureates
- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg alumni
- Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni
- German military personnel killed in World War I
- German military physicians
- People from the Kingdom of Bavaria
- Military personnel of Bavaria