Foreign relations of Serbia
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Foreign relations of Serbia are accomplished by efforts of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Serbia has inherited the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, along with all of its holdings, after the dissolution of the previous state union with Montenegro. Serbian foreign ministries continue to serve citizens of Montenegro in countries that do not have Montenegrin diplomatic presence. The governments of Serbia and Montenegro expressed an interest in pursuing a common foreign policy. Former President of Serbia Boris Tadić referred to relations with the European Union (EU), Russia, United States and China as the four pillars of foreign policy.[1] Serbia joined the United Nations on 1 November 2000.
Contents
Europe
Former union states and provinces
Bosnia and Herzegovina
See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Serbia relations
Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Belgrade. Serbia has an embassy in Sarajevo and a consulate-general in Banja Luka. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and the Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA). Serbia is an official candidate and Bosnia is recognized as potential candidate country by the European Union.
Croatia
The two countries established diplomatic relations on 9 September 1996. Croatia has an embassy in Belgrade and a general consulate in Subotica. Serbia has an embassy in Zagreb and two general consulates (in Rijeka and Vukovar). There are around 200,000 people of Serbian descent living in Croatia and around 70,000 Croats living in Serbia.
Kosovo
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On 17 February 2008, the former province of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence from Serbia, forming the Republic of Kosovo in the process. Serbia, Russia, China, Algeria, Morocco, Greece, Mexico, Pakistan, Romania, Ukraine, Spain, India, Brazil, Nigeria, South Africa, Argentina, Belarus, Palestine, Bolivia, and many others do not recognize Kosovo as an independent state. Serbia has vowed to fight Kosovo's admission to international organizations. The Republic of Kosovo does not have and has not yet applied for United Nations membership. As of 23 June 2015, 108 United Nations member states and Taiwan recognize Kosovo as an independent state. But still, with the strong and firm opposition of both Russia and China and their allies, Kosovo has no current prospects of becoming a member of the United Nations.[2]
Serbia, in response to nations which have recognized Kosovo as an independent nation, has consistently recalled its ambassadors to these nations in an act of protest.[3] These countries include the United States, Albania, Bulgaria, Republic of Macedonia, Colombia, Croatia, France, Germany, Hungary, Turkey, Slovenia and the United Kingdom.
Montenegro
See Montenegro–Serbia relations
Montenegro has an embassy in Belgrade. Serbia has an embassy in Podgorica and a Consulate-General in Herceg Novi.
Macedonia
See Macedonia–Serbia relations
The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia that was formed in 1992 by the remaining Yugoslav republics Montenegro and Serbia established diplomatic relations with the Republic of Macedonia on 8 April 1996.[4] The establishment of bilateral relations has been done under Macedonia's constitutional name - Republic of Macedonia.[5] Serbia therefore is one of 125 countries in the world recognizing Macedonia under the constitutional name.[6] Macedonia has an embassy in Belgrade, while Serbia's embassy is located in Skopje.
Slovenia
- Serbia has an embassy in Ljubljana.[7]
- Slovenia has an embassy in Belgrade.[8]
- Both countries are full members of the Central European Initiative and of the Southeast European Cooperative Initiative.
- Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relation with Slovenia
Nearest neighbours
Multilateral regional co-operation falls within the priorities of foreign policy and international relations of Serbia as an instrument and substance of its co-operation with neighbours in the region and within the context of the Serbia inclusion in European integrations, Euro-Atlantic structures and EU.
In the context of Serbia inclusion in multilateral economic and political relations and integrations as well as in the context of globalization, the relations and co-operation of regional character are of importance in the field of liberalization of trade and further affirmation of market economy and free trade. In that respect, the efforts to turn the region of South Eastern Europe into a free trade zone in which Serbia is actively participating through bilateral negotiations with neighbours and in the region (free trade agreements with Macedonia, Hungary, Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as negotiations with Croatia, Bulgaria, Slovenia and Albania), are of particular importance. Serbia enjoys relatively good relations with its neighbouring countries. The border with Bosnia and Herzegovina along the Drina River continues to be an issue, whilst the issue of independence for Kosovo is of particular concern to Serbia.
Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
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Albania | See Albania–Serbia relations | |
Bulgaria | See Bulgaria–Serbia relations
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Greece | See Greece–Serbia relations
Friendly relations have played an important role in bilateral relations between the two nations, especially during the wars of the 1990s and the Balkans Campaign[11] in World War I. Due to the strong historical friendship and the deep cultural and religious ties between the two nations, Greece and Serbia enjoy historically, religiously and culturally close ties which are confirmed by a regular political dialogue. Greece is the top investor in Serbian economy[12] and during the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, Greece openly expressed its disapproval and polls revealed that 94% of the Greek population were completely opposed to the bombing.[13] The more dramatic event was a People's Tribunal of over a 10.000 people in Athens, Greece, where the Greek Supreme Court declared president Clinton and NATO leaders guilty of war crimes.[14] |
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Hungary | See Hungary–Serbia relations
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Romania | See Romania–Serbia relations |
Rest of Europe
Lua error in Module:Details at line 30: attempt to call field '_formatLink' (a nil value). Serbia has signed the Stabilisation and Association Agreement (SAA) with the European Union on 29 April 2008 and is in the process of the Republic of Serbia being admitted into the framework of the European Union as a full-fledged member state. Serbia officially applied for European Union membership on 22 December 2009,[18] and the European Commission recommended making it an official candidate on 12 October 2011. After the vote of the 27 EU foreign ministers on 28 February 2012, where with 26 votes for and 1 vote against, a candidate status recommendation was issued, and Serbia received full candidate status on 1 March. On June 28, 2013 the European Council endorsed the Council of Ministers conclusions and recommendations to open accession negotiations with Serbia.[19][20] In December 2013 the Council of the European Union approved opening negotiations on Serbia's accession in January 2014,[21] and the first Intergovernmental Conference was held on 21 January at the European Council in Brussels.[22]
Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
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Austria | See Austria–Serbia relations
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Belarus | 1994-11-15 | See Belarus–Serbia relations
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Belgium |
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Cyprus | See Cyprus–Serbia relations
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Czech Republic | 1918 | See Czech Republic–Serbia relations
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Denmark | See Denmark–Serbia relations | |
Estonia | 9 February 2001 |
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Finland | 1929 |
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France | 18 January 1879 | See France–Serbia relations
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Germany | 1951 | See Germany–Serbia relations
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Holy See | See Holy See–Serbia relations | |
Italy | 1879 | See Italy–Serbia relations and Italy-Yugoslavia relations
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Lithuania | 14 December 2000 |
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Malta | See Malta–Serbia relations | |
Moldova | 1995 | See Moldova–Serbia relations
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Netherlands |
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Norway | See Norway–Serbia relations
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Poland | See Poland–Serbia relations
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Portugal | See Portugal–Serbia relations
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Russia | 1940 | See Russia–Serbia relations
Diplomatic relations between the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union were established on June 24, 1940, and Serbia and the Russian Federation recognize the continuity of all inter-State documents signed between the two countries. There are about 70 bilateral treaties, agreements and protocols signed in the past. Serbia and the Russian Federation have signed and ratified 43 bilateral agreements and treaties in diverse areas of mutual cooperation so far.[44] |
San Marino | 14 February 2002 | See San Marino–Serbia relations
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Slovakia | 1993 | See Serbia–Slovakia relations
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Spain | See Serbia–Spain relations
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Sweden | See Serbia–Sweden relations
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Switzerland | See Serbia–Switzerland relations
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Ukraine | 15 April 1994 | See Serbia–Ukraine relations
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United Kingdom | See Serbia–United Kingdom relations
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Middle East and North Africa
Serbia enjoys good relations with the Middle East, these are inherited by the independent Serbia from its time as the hub of a federation (i.e., Yugoslavia) which was very active in the Non-Aligned Movement during the 1960s. Serbia's closest partner in the region is the United Arab Emirates. Israel, Syria, Iraq and Egypt are important economic partners of Serbia, as Israel invests in the Serbian construction industry and Egypt is a large market for Zastava automobiles. Serbia also has an important security agreement with Iran,[56] another important economic and political partner of Serbia. Serbia also maintains diplomatic relations with the Palestinian National Authority. Serbia wishes to intensify relations with the CCASG countries, namely Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar and Kuwait. Also many of the North African countries (Algeria, Libya, Tunisia and Morocco) enjoy good relations with Serbia and are important trading partners. Tunisia is a hugely popular tourist destination for Serbs as there is no visa required for Serb nationals entering the country.
Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
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Algeria | 1962 | See Algeria-Serbia relations |
Bahrain | 1989 | |
Egypt | See Egypt-Serbia relations
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Iran | 1945 |
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Iraq | 1958 | |
Israel | 1992[62] |
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Kuwait | 1963 |
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Libya | See Libya–Serbia relations
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Oman | 1974 |
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Palestine | 1988 | See Palestine–Serbia relations
Relations between Serbia and the Palestinian Authority have been very close and friendly. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was one of the first countries to recognize Palestinian Authority in November 1988 and its successor Serbia maintained close relations, favoring a Two-State solution. The Palestinian Authority for its part, has refused to recognize the independence of Kosovo.[68][69] |
Qatar | 1989 |
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Saudi Arabia | 17 April 2013[70] |
See Saudi Arabia-Serbia relations
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Syria | 1946 |
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Tunisia |
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Turkey | See Serbia–Turkey relations
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United Arab Emirates | 21 March 2007 |
See Serbia–United Arab Emirates relations
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Asia
Serbia has excellent relations with countries such as China, Japan, Indonesia, India, Kazakhstan, Singapore and South Korea. These countries are important economic partners for Serbia in Asia.
Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
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Afghanistan | 1954 | See Afghanistan-Serbia relations
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Bhutan | 9 December 2011 | |
Brunei | 5 December 2011 |
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Cambodia | 1956 | |
China | 1955 | See China–Serbia relations
China has always traditionally had very warm and close relations with Belgrade since the establishing of diplomatic relations in 1955.[73] |
India | See India–Serbia relations
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Indonesia | See Indonesia–Serbia relations
Indonesia has very close relations with Serbia, especially within the fields of trade, culture and tourism. Indonesia has also voiced support for Serbia's territorial integrity over the Kosovo issue.[76] |
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Japan | 20 May 1997 | See Japan–Serbia relations |
Kazakhstan | 1996 | |
Malaysia | 2003 |
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Maldives | 1974 | |
Mongolia | 20 November 1956 [83][84] | |
North Korea | 1948 | See North Korea–Serbia relations
Serbia maintains friendly relations with North Korea. Relations between the two countries started in 1948 under the Yugoslav President Josip Broz Tito. Relations between the two countries are still strong in both political and military terms. The North Korean embassy to Serbia is accredited to Sofia, Bulgaria. |
Pakistan | See Pakistan–Serbia relations
Pakistan considers Serbia to be a very important country and that the relations between the two states are warm and friendly.[85] |
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South Korea | 27 December 1989[86] | See South Korea–Serbia relations
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Thailand |
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Turkmenistan | 1996 | |
Vietnam |
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Sub-Saharan Africa
Ever since the times of Josip Broz Tito and the Non-Aligned Movement, Serbia has enjoyed excellent relations with African nations. South Africa is Serbia's closest ally in Africa and the two nations have had excellent relations since the signing of diplomatic relations in 1992 following the end of the Apartheid system. South Africa is also home to around 20,000 Serbs, mainly living in the Johannesburg area.[87] South Africa is also voicing support for Serbia over the Kosovo issue.[88] Nelson Mandela was also made an honorary citizen of Belgrade.[89] Serbia is also actively involved in many investments in Angola with whom it has excellent political and economic relations.
Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
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Angola | 1975 |
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Cape Verde | 1976 | |
Democratic Republic of the Congo | 1961 |
See Democratic Republic of Congo–Serbia relations
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Ethiopia | See Ethiopia–Serbia relations | |
Gabon | 1960 | |
Ghana | 1957 | |
Kenya | 1963 |
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Lesotho | 1972 | |
Mali | 1961 | |
Namibia | See Namibia–Serbia relations | |
Nigeria | 1960 | |
Somalia | 1960 | |
South Africa | 2 April 1992 |
See South Africa–Serbia relations
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South Sudan | 4 January 2012[91] | See South Sudan–Serbia relations |
Zambia | 1964 |
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Zimbabwe | 1980 |
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North America
Serbia has very poor relations with the United States and Canada because of their recognition of Kosovo's independence. On 25 February 2008, Serbian Prime Minister Vojislav Koštunica demanded that the United States rescind its recognition of Kosovo, warning that "there will be no stability until the fake state" is annulled.[93]
Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
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Canada | See Canada–Serbia relations
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United States | See Serbia–United States relations
Prior to World War I and creation of Yugoslavia, Serbia and the US enjoyed excellent relations. Bilateral relations between Serbia and the United States were established in 1882. At the outset of hostilities between NATO and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the spring of 1999, the United States and Yugoslavia severed diplomatic relations. After the overthrow of the Milosevic government in October 2000, the following month the United States reestablished a diplomatic presence. The U.S. Embassy formally reopened in May 2001. The Serbian Embassy in Washington and the U.S. Embassy in Belgrade have reestablished bilateral relations and provide a full range of consular services. In February 2008 Serbia recalled its ambassador from the United States, following the U.S. recognition of the unilaterally declared independence of Kosovo. The US established full diplomatic relations at Ambassador level with the Republic of Kosovo, which broke away from Serbia in February 2008.[97] |
Oceania
Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
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Australia | See Australia–Serbia relations
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Fiji | 1976 | |
New Zealand |
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Tonga | 1 March 2013 |
Latin America
Serbia has very good relations with Latin America, except Colombia and Panama[citation needed], which did recognize Kosovo's independence. Brazil, the largest country in the region, decided not to recognize Kosovo's independence until an agreement with Serbia is reached.[101]
Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
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Argentina | See Argentina–Serbia relations
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Brazil | 1946 | See Brazil–Serbia relations |
Cuba | See Cuba–Serbia relations
Cuba and Serbia have a long history of diplomatic relations from the period of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia when both countries were members of Non-Aligned Movement. Cuba supports Serbia in its stance towards Kosovo considering Kosovo's independence an illegitimate act and a violation of international law and principles of the United Nations Charter.[103] Serbia supports Cuba at the United Nations in condemning the United States embargo.[104] |
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Dominica | 2010[105] | See Dominica–Serbia relations |
Mexico | 24 May 1946 | See Mexico–Serbia relations
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Peru |
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St. Vincent and the Grenadines | 2011[109] | See St. Vincent and the Grenadines–Serbia relations |
Venezuela | See Serbia-Venezuela relations
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Overview
Serbia has established diplomatic relations with 188 UN member states,[112] the Holy See,[112] the Sovereign Military Order of Malta,[112] and the European Union.[112]
Serbia has not established diplomatic relations with:[113]
- Marshall Islands,[114] Micronesia,[114] Nauru,[114] Palau,[114] and Tuvalu[114]
- All of the states with limited recognition (except for Palestine).
See also
- Government of Serbia
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- List of diplomatic missions in Serbia
- List of diplomatic missions of Serbia
- Visa requirements for Serbian citizens
- Serbia in intergovernmental organizations
References
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ PROTEST CONVEYED TO FRANCE, BRITAIN, COSTA RICA, AUSTRALIA, ALBANIA at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Republic of Macedonia
- ↑ Republic of Serbia - Ministry of Foreign Affairs
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- ↑ Serbian embassy in Ljubljana (in Serbian and Slovenian only)
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- ↑ Hungarian embassy in Belgrade
- ↑ Hungarian general consulate in Subotica(in Hungarian and Serbian only)
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- ↑ http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/ec/137634.pdf
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- ↑ Austrian embassy in Belgrade (in German and Serbian only)
- ↑ Serbian embassy in Vienna (in German and Serbian only)
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- ↑ 20 Minuten Online: Serben-Demo eskaliert in Wien
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- ↑ Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Cyprus
- The Cypriot Minister voiced his full support to Serbia's territorial integrity and EU integration, which should lead to full EU membership.
- Serbian embassy in Nicosia
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Embassy of Serbia in Oslo
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Bilateral Political Relations with Russia, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Spanish embassy in Belgrade (in Serbian and Spanish only)
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- ↑ Iran Daily
- ↑ Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: direction of the Algerian embassy in Belgrade
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- ↑ Serbian embassy in Cairo
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- ↑ [1]
- ↑ Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: direction of the Libya embassy in Belgrade
- ↑ Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: direction of the Serbian embassy in Tripoli
- ↑ Tadić, Abbas discuss Kosovo, Middle East, B92, 2009-07-07
- ↑ PM meets with Palestinian leader, B92, 2009-08-07
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- ↑ [2]
- ↑ Foreign Relations of the People's Republic of China
- ↑ Indian embassy in Belgrade. Embassyofindiabelgrade.org. Retrieved 12 November 2011.
- ↑ Serbian embassy in New Delhi. Embassyofserbiadelhi.net.in. Retrieved 12 November 2011.
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- ↑ Urazova, DinaraU. "Kazakh Embassy Opens in Belgrade." Tengri News. Tengri News, 6 June 2015. Web. 4 Apr. 2016.
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ http://allafrica.com/stories/201201040479.html
- ↑ Editorial Staff. "Interview With President Mugabe by Serbian Broadcasting." African Globe Net. African Globe, 04 Feb. 2014. Web. 12 May 2016.
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with New Zealand
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: directions of Serbian embassy in Lima
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Venezuela's Chavez won't recognize independent Kosovo
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 112.0 112.1 112.2 112.3 Serbia Diplomatic List 2012
- ↑ Serbia Bilateral Relations
- ↑ 114.0 114.1 114.2 114.3 114.4 Recognizes the Republic of Kosovo.
External links
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