Film director
A film director is a person who directs the making of a film. Generally, a film director controls a film's artistic and dramatic aspects, and visualizes the script while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision. The director has a key role in choosing the cast members, production design, and the creative aspects of filmmaking.[1] Under European Union law, the director is viewed as the author of the film.[2]
The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized, or noticed. Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay in the boundaries of the film's budget. There are many pathways to becoming a film director. Some film directors started as screenwriters, cinematographers, film editors or actors. Other film directors have attended a film school. Directors use different approaches. Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue, while others control every aspect, and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely. Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners. Some directors edit or appear in their films, or compose the music score for their films.
Contents
Responsibility
Film directors create an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized/noticed.[3] Realizing this vision includes overseeing the artistic and technical elements of film production, as well as directing the shooting timetable and meeting deadlines.[4] This entails organizing the film crew in such a way as to achieve their vision of the film.[5][6] This requires skills of group leadership, as well as the ability to maintain a singular focus even in the stressful, fast-paced environment of a film set.[7] Moreover, it is necessary to have an artistic eye to frame shots and to give precise feedback to cast and crew,[8] thus, excellent communication skills are a must.[9]
Since the film director depends on the successful cooperation of many different creative individuals with possibly strongly contradicting artistic ideals and visions, he or she or it or they also needs/need to possess conflict resolution skills in order to mediate whenever necessary.[10] Thus the director ensures that all individuals involved in the film production are working towards an identical vision for the completed film.[5] The set of varying challenges he or she has to tackle has been described as "a multi-dimensional jigsaw puzzle with egos and weather thrown in for good measure".[11] It adds to the pressure that the success of a film can influence when and how they will work again.[12] Omnipresent are the boundaries of the films budget.[13] Additionally, the director may also have to ensure an intended age rating.[14] Theoretically the sole superior of a director is the studio that is financing the film,[3][15] however a poor working relationship between a film director and an actor could possibly result in the director being replaced if the actor is a major film star.[16] Even so, it is arguable that the director spends more time on a project than anyone else, considering that the director is one of the few positions that requires intimate involvement during every stage of film production. Thus, the position of film director is widely considered to be a highly stressful and demanding one.[17] It has been said that "20-hour days are not unusual".[3]
Under European Union law, the film director is considered the "author" or one of the authors of a film, largely as a result of the influence of auteur theory.[2] Auteur theory is a film criticism concept that holds that a film director's film reflects the director's personal creative vision, as if they were the primary "auteur" (the French word for "author"). In spite of—and sometimes even because of—the production of the film as part of an industrial process, the auteur's creative voice is distinct enough to shine through studio interference and the collective process.
Career pathways
Some film directors started as screenwriters, film editors or actors.[18] Several American cinematographers have become directors, including Barry Sonnenfeld, originally the Coen brothers' DP; Jan de Bont, cinematographer on films as Die Hard and Basic Instinct, directed Speed and Twister. Recently Wally Pfister, cinematographer on Christopher Nolan's three Batman films made his directorial debut with Transcendence. Other film directors have attended a film school to "get formal training and education in their craft".[19] Film students generally study the basic skills used in making a film.[20] This includes, for example, preparation, shot lists and storyboards, blocking, protocols of dealing with professional actors, and reading scripts.[21] Some film schools are equipped with sound stages and post-production facilities.[22] Besides basic technical and logistical skills, students also receive education on the nature of professional relationships that occur during film production.[23] A full degree course can be designed for up to five years of studying.[24] Future directors usually complete short films during their enrollment.[17] The National Film School of Denmark has the student's final projects presented on national TV.[25] Some film schools retain the rights for their students' works.[26] Many directors successfully prepared for making feature films by working in television.[27] The German Film and Television Academy Berlin consequently cooperates with the Berlin/Brandenburg TV station RBB (Berlin-Brandenburg Broadcasting) and ARTE.[28]
A handful of top directors made from $13 million to $257 million in 2011, such as James Cameron and Steven Spielberg.[29] The average movie director makes a lot less. In May 2011, the average US film director made $122,220.[30]
Characteristics
Different directors can vary immensely amongst themselves, under various characteristics. Several examples are:[citation needed]
- Those who outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue. Notable examples include Ingmar Bergman, Christopher Guest, Spike Lee, Wim Wenders, Mike Leigh, Barry Levinson, Jean-Luc Godard, Miklós Jancsó, Gus Van Sant, Judd Apatow, Terrence Malick, Harmony Korine, Jay and Mark Duplass, and occasionally Robert Altman, Joe Swanberg, Sergio Leone and Federico Fellini.
- Those who control every aspect, and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely. Notable examples include David Lean, Akira Kurosawa, Steven Spielberg, Ridley Scott, Victor Fleming, Erich von Stroheim, James Cameron, George Lucas, Stanley Kubrick, Sidney Lumet, Andrew Bujalski, Christopher Nolan, David Fincher, Guillermo del Toro and Alfred Hitchcock.
- Those who write their own screenplays. Notable examples include Woody Allen, Werner Herzog, Alejandro Jodorowsky, John Cassavetes, Ingmar Bergman, Stanley Kubrick, Quentin Tarantino, James Cameron, George Lucas, J. F. Lawton, David Cronenberg, Charlie Chaplin, Billy Wilder, Ed Wood, David Lynch, the Coen brothers, Francis Ford Coppola, Sofia Coppola, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Pedro Almodóvar, John Hughes, Nick Park, Edward Burns, Kevin Smith, Todd Field, Cameron Crowe, Terrence Malick, Oren Peli, Eli Roth, Harmony Korine, Paul Thomas Anderson, Guillermo del Toro, Rainer Werner Fassbinder,Daryush Shokof, Oliver Stone, John Singleton, Spike Lee, Orson Welles, Akira Kurosawa, Hayao Miyazaki, M. Night Shyamalan, Paul Haggis, Billy Bob Thornton, James Wong, Tyler Perry, Robert Rodriguez, Christopher Nolan, George A. Romero, Sergio Leone, Satyajit Ray, Joss Whedon and David O. Russell. Steven Spielberg and Sidney J. Furie have written screenplays for a small number of their films.
- Those who collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners. Notable examples include Alejandro González Iñárritu and Guillermo Arriaga, Elia Kazan and Tennessee Williams, Terry Gilliam and Charles McKeown/Tony Grisoni, Wes Anderson and Owen Wilson/Noah Baumbach, Edgar Wright and Simon Pegg, Martin Scorsese and Nicholas Pileggi/Paul Schrader/Jay Cocks, Yasujirō Ozu and Kôgo Noda, Peter Jackson and Fran Walsh, Alexander Payne and Jim Taylor, Robert Zemeckis and Bob Gale, Luis Buñuel and Jean-Claude Carrière/Luis Alcoriza, Krzysztof Kieślowski/Krzysztof Piesiewicz, Rajkumar Hirani/Abhijat Joshi/Vidhu Vinod Chopra, Frank Capra/Robert Riskin, Michelangelo Antonioni/Tonino Guerra, Billy Wilder/I.A.L. Diamond, Sergio Leone and Sergio Donati, Guillermo del Toro and Matthew Robbins, and Christopher Nolan/Jonathan Nolan/David S. Goyer.
- Those who edit their own films. Notable examples include Akira Kurosawa, Alfonso Cuarón, David Fincher Mike Cahill, Jean-Marc Vallée, Steven Soderbergh, David Lean, Don Coscarelli, Charlie Chaplin, Robert Rodriguez, Rajkumar Hirani, James Cameron, Ed Wood, Gaspar Noe, Takeshi Kitano, John Woo, Andy Warhol, Shinya Tsukamoto, Kenneth Anger, Gregg Araki, Gus Van Sant, Xavier Dolan, Ben Wheatley, Kelly Reichardt, Leni Riefenstahl, Kevin Smith, Rodrigo Cortes, Joe Swanberg, Steve James, Jafar Panahi, Ti West, Joel and Ethan Coen and many indie, Internet and arthouse filmmakers.
- Those who shoot their own films. Notable examples include Nicolas Roeg, Mike Cahill, Peter Hyams, Steven Soderbergh, Joe Swanberg, Tony Kaye, Gaspar Noe, Gregg Araki, Robert Rodriguez, Don Coscarelli, Josef von Sternberg, Shinya Tsukamoto and Kenneth Anger.
- Those who appear in their films. Notable examples include Clint Eastwood, Orson Welles, Mel Gibson, Martin Scorsese, Peter Jackson, John Waters, John Carpenter, Spike Lee, Tyler Perry, Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Kevin Costner, Kenneth Anger, Woody Allen, Jon Favreau, Quentin Tarantino, Eli Roth, Michael Bay, Mel Brooks, Ben Stiller, Alejandro Jodorowsky, Charlie Chaplin, Terry Jones, Edward Burns, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Sam Raimi, Roman Polanski, Erich von Stroheim, Billy Bob Thornton, Sylvester Stallone, M. Night Shyamalan, Harold Ramis, Robert De Niro, John Woo, Kevin Smith, Warren Beatty, Robert Redford, Takeshi Kitano, Kenneth Branagh and Ed Wood. Alfred Hitchcock, Abel Ferrara, Shawn Levy, Edgar Wright and Spike Jonze made cameo appearances in their films.
- Those who compose the music score for their films. Notable examples include Charlie Chaplin, Clint Eastwood, David Lynch, Alejandro Jodorowsky, John Carpenter, Mike Figgis, Hal Hartley, Alejandro Amenábar, Satyajit Ray, Robert Rodriguez and Tom Tykwer.
- Another way to categorize directors is by their membership in a "school" of filmmaking, such as the French New Wave, the British New Wave or the New Hollywood school of filmmakers.
Professional organizations
In the United States, directors usually belong to the Directors Guild of America. The Canadian equivalent is the Directors Guild of Canada. In the UK, directors usually belong to Directors UK or the Directors Guild of Great Britain.
In Europe, FERA, the Federation of European Film Directors, represents 37 national directors' guilds in 30 countries.
Notable individuals
For each director, one notable film that they directed is given as an example of their work. The chosen film may be their film which won the highest awards or it may be one of their best-known movies.
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- J.J. Abrams (Star Wars: The Force Awakens - 2015)
- Ben Affleck (Argo - 2012)
- Robert Aldrich (The Dirty Dozen - 1967)
- Lewis Allen (The Uninvited - 1944)
- Woody Allen (Annie Hall - 1977)
- Pedro Almodóvar (All About My Mother - 1999)
- Robert Altman (MASH - 1970)
- Lindsay Anderson (if.... - 1968)
- Michael Anderson (The Dam Busters - 1955)
- Paul Thomas Anderson (Boogie Nights - 1997)
- Paul W. S. Anderson (Resident Evil - 2002)
- Wes Anderson (The Royal Tenenbaums - 2001)
- Theodoros Angelopoulos (Eternity and a Day - 1998)
- Jean-Jacques Annaud (The Name of the Rose - 1986)
- Sathyan Anthikad (Rasathanthram - 2006)
- Michelangelo Antonioni (L'Avventura - 1960)
- Dario Argento (Suspiria - 1977)
- Darren Aronofsky (Black Swan - 2010)
- Dorothy Arzner (The Bride Wore Red - 1937)
- Hal Ashby (Coming Home - 1978)
- Richard Attenborough (Gandhi - 1982)
- John G. Avildsen (Rocky - 1976)
- John Badham (Saturday Night Fever - 1977)
- Sooraj Barjatya (Hum Aapke Hain Koun..! - 1994)
- Mario Bava (Lisa and the Devil - 1972)
- Michael Bay (Transformers - 2007)
- Warren Beatty (Reds - 1981)
- Robert Benton (Kramer vs. Kramer - 1979)
- Ingmar Bergman (Wild Strawberries - 1957)
- Busby Berkeley (Take Me Out to the Ball Game - 1949)
- Bernardo Bertolucci (The Last Emperor - 1987)
- Luc Besson (The Fifth Element - 1997)
- Sanjay Leela Bhansali (Devdas - 2002)
- Kathryn Bigelow (The Hurt Locker - 2008)
- Brad Bird (Ratatouille - 2007)
- Neill Blomkamp (District 9 - 2009)
- Don Bluth (The Land Before Time - 1988)
- Budd Boetticher (Seven Men from Now - 1956)
- Peter Bogdanovich (The Last Picture Show - 1971)
- John Boorman (Deliverance - 1972)
- Frank Borzage (A Farewell to Arms - 1932)
- Danny Boyle (Slumdog Millionaire - 2008)
- Robert Bresson (Au Hasard Balthazar - 1966)
- James L. Brooks (Terms of Endearment - 1983)
- Mel Brooks (Spaceballs - 1987)
- Tod Browning (Dracula - 1931)
- Luis Buñuel (Un Chien Andalou - 1929)
- Tim Burton (Big Fish - 2003)
- James Cameron (Titanic - 1997)
- Jane Campion (The Piano - 1993)
- Frank Capra (It Happened One Night - 1934)
- Marcel Carné (Children of Paradise - 1945)
- John Carpenter (Halloween - 1978)
- John Cassavetes (A Woman Under the Influence - 1974)
- Liliana Cavani (The Night Porter - 1974)
- Nuri Bilge Ceylan (Once Upon a Time in Anatolia - 2011)
- Claude Chabrol (Madame Bovary - 1991)
- Charlie Chaplin (Modern Times - 1936)
- Michael Cimino (The Deer Hunter - 1978)
- George Clooney (Good Night, and Good Luck - 2005)
- Henri-Georges Clouzot (The Wages of Fear - 1953)
- Joel and Ethan Coen (Fargo - 1996)
- Chris Columbus (Home Alone - 1990)
- Ryan Coogler (Creed - 2015)
- Francis Ford Coppola (The Godfather - 1972)
- Sofia Coppola (Lost in Translation - 2003)
- Roger Corman (The Little Shop of Horrors - 1960)
- Kevin Costner (Dances with Wolves - 1990)
- Wes Craven (A Nightmare on Elm Street - 1984)
- David Cronenberg (The Fly - 1986)
- Cameron Crowe (Jerry Maguire - 1996)
- Alfonso Cuarón (Gravity - 2013)
- Michael Curtiz (Casablanca - 1942)
- Stephen Daldry (Billy Elliot - 2000)
- Joe Dante (Gremlins - 1984)
- Frank Darabont (The Shawshank Redemption - 1994)
- Jean-Pierre and Luc Dardenne (The Kid with a Bike - 2011)
- Delmer Daves (The Hanging Tree - 1959)
- Andrew Davis (The Fugitive - 1993)
- Cecil B. DeMille (The Ten Commandments - 1956)
- Jonathan Demme (The Silence of the Lambs - 1991)
- Pete Docter (Inside Out - 2015)
- Andrew Dominik (The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford - 2007)
- Stanley Donen (Singin' in the Rain - 1952)
- Richard Donner (Lethal Weapon - 1987)
- Carl Theodor Dreyer (The Passion of Joan of Arc - 1928)
- Guru Dutt (Pyaasa - 1957)
- Clint Eastwood (Unforgiven - 1992)
- Atom Egoyan (The Sweet Hereafter - 1997)
- Sergei Eisenstein (Battleship Potemkin - 1925)
- Roland Emmerich (Independence Day - 1996)
- Ray Enright (Coroner Creek - 1948)
- Víctor Erice (Dream of Light - 1992)
- Asghar Farhadi (A Separation - 2011)
- Rainer Werner Fassbinder (The Marriage of Maria Braun - 1979)
- Federico Fellini (8½ - 1963)
- Todd Field (Little Children - 2006)
- David Fincher (Fight Club - 1999)
- Victor Fleming (Gone With the Wind - 1939)
- John Ford (The Grapes of Wrath - 1940)
- Miloš Forman (One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest - 1975)
- Bob Fosse (Cabaret - 1972)
- John Frankenheimer (The Manchurian Candidate - 1962)
- William Friedkin (The Exorcist - 1973)
- Kinji Fukasaku (Battle Royale - 2000)
- Lucio Fulci (Zombi 2 - 1979)
- Samuel Fuller (The Naked Kiss - 1964)
- Ritwik Ghatak (Jukti Takko Aar Gappo - 1974)
- Mel Gibson (Braveheart - 1995)
- Lewis Gilbert (Educating Rita - 1983)
- Terry Gilliam (Brazil - 1985)
- Jean-Luc Godard (Breathless - 1960)
- Michel Gondry (Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind - 2004)
- Adoor Gopalakrishnan (Swayamvaram - 1972)
- Ashutosh Gowariker (Lagaan - 2001)
- F. Gary Gray (Straight Outta Compton - 2015)
- Paul Greengrass (The Bourne Ultimatum - 2007)
- D. W. Griffith (The Birth of a Nation - 1915)
- James Gunn (Guardians of the Galaxy - 2014)
- Paul Haggis (Crash - 2004)
- Lasse Hallström (My Life as a Dog - 1985)
- Michael Haneke (The White Ribbon - 2009)
- Renny Harlin (Die Hard 2 - 1990)
- Henry Hathaway (Lives of a Bengal Lancer - 1935)
- Howard Hawks (Gentlemen Prefer Blondes - 1953)
- Michel Hazanavicius (The Artist - 2011)
- Stuart Heisler (Along Came Jones - 1945)
- Werner Herzog (Rescue Dawn - 2006)
- George Roy Hill (Slaughterhouse-Five - 1972)
- Walter Hill (48 Hrs. - 1982)
- Rajkumar Hirani (3 Idiots - 2009)
- Oliver Hirschbiegel (Downfall - 2004)
- Alfred Hitchcock (Psycho - 1960)
- Tobe Hooper (The Texas Chain Saw Massacre - 1974)
- Tom Hooper (The King's Speech - 2010)
- Ron Howard (A Beautiful Mind - 2001)
- John Hughes (Ferris Bueller's Day Off - 1986)
- John Huston (The Maltese Falcon - 1941)
- Kon Ichikawa (Fires on the Plain - 1959)
- Alejandro González Iñárritu (Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) - 2014)
- Miklós Jancsó (The Red and the White - 1967)
- Peter Jackson (The Lord of the Rings - 2001-2003)
- Jim Jarmusch (Broken Flowers - 2005)
- Jean-Pierre Jeunet (Amélie - 2001)
- Norman Jewison (In the Heat of the Night - 1967)
- Alejandro Jodorowsky (El Topo - 1970)
- Karan Johar (Kuch Kuch Hota Hai - 1998)
- Rian Johnson (Looper - 2012)
- Joe Johnston (Honey, I Shrunk the Kids - 1989)
- Chuck Jones (What's Opera, Doc? - 1957)
- Spike Jonze (Her - 2013)
- Neil Jordan (The Crying Game - 1992)
- Deborah Kampmeier (Hounddog - 2003)
- Raj Kapoor (Awaara - 1951)
- Lawrence Kasdan (The Big Chill - 1983)
- Philip Kaufman (The Right Stuff - 1983)
- Elia Kazan (A Streetcar Named Desire - 1951)
- Buster Keaton (Sherlock, Jr. - 1928)
- Burt Kennedy (The Rounders - 1965)
- Mehboob Khan (Mother India - 1957)
- Abbas Kiarostami (Taste of Cherry - 1997)
- Krzysztof Kieślowski (The Three Colors trilogy - 1993-1994)
- Masaki Kobayashi (The Human Condition - 1959-1961)
- Barbara Kopple (Harlan County, USA - 1976)
- Stanley Kramer (Judgment at Nuremberg - 1961)
- Stanley Kubrick (2001: A Space Odyssey - 1968)
- Thiagarajan Kumararaja (Aaranya Kaandam - 2011)
- Akira Kurosawa (Seven Samurai - 1954)
- Emir Kusturica (Underground - 1995)
- Fritz Lang (Metropolis - 1927)
- John Lasseter (Toy Story - 1995)
- Charles Laughton (The Night of The Hunter - 1955)
- David Lean (Lawrence of Arabia - 1962)
- Ang Lee (Brokeback Mountain - 2005)
- Spike Lee (Do the Right Thing - 1989)
- Mike Leigh (Naked - 1993)
- Sergio Leone (The Good, the Bad and the Ugly - 1966)
- Barry Levinson (Rain Man - 1988)
- Joseph H. Lewis (The Big Combo - 1955)
- Richard Linklater (Boyhood - 2014)
- Ken Loach (The Wind That Shakes the Barley - 2006)
- Joseph Losey (Monsieur Klein - 1976)
- George Lucas (Star Wars - 1977)
- Sidney Lumet (Dog Day Afternoon - 1975)
- Ernst Lubitsch (Heaven Can Wait - 1943)
- Baz Luhrmann (Moulin Rouge! - 2001)
- David Lynch (Mulholland Dr. - 2001)
- Adrian Lyne (Fatal Attraction - 1987)
- Kevin Macdonald (The Last King of Scotland - 2006)
- Mahendran (Mullum Malarum - 1978)
- Samira Makhmalbaf (At Five in the Afternoon - 2003)
- Terrence Malick (The Tree of Life - 2011)
- Louis Malle (Au revoir les enfants - 1987)
- Joseph L. Mankiewicz (Guys and Dolls - 1955)
- Anthony Mann (Man of the West - 1958)
- Delbert Mann (Marty - 1955)
- Michael Mann (Heat - 1995)
- Garry Marshall (Pretty Woman - 1990)
- Penny Marshall (A League of Their Own - 1992)
- Rob Marshall (Chicago - 2002)
- Steve McQueen (12 Years a Slave - 2013)
- John McTiernan (Die Hard - 1988)
- Deepa Mehta (Water - 2005)
- Georges Méliès (A Trip to the Moon - 1902)
- Sam Mendes (American Beauty - 1999)
- Márta Mészáros (Diary for My Children - 1984)
- Nancy Meyers (Something's Gotta Give - 2003)
- Takashi Miike (13 Assassins - 2010)
- Lewis Milestone (All Quiet on the Western Front - 1930)
- George Miller (Mad Max: Fury Road - 2015)
- Anthony Minghella (The English Patient - 1996)
- Hayao Miyazaki (Spirited Away - 2001)
- Kenji Mizoguchi (Ugetsu - 1953)
- Mario Monicelli (Rossini! Rossini! - 1991)
- Michael Moore (Fahrenheit 9/11 - 2004)
- Hrishikesh Mukherjee (Anand - 1971)
- F. W. Murnau (Nosferatu - 1922)
- Mira Nair (Salaam Bombay! - 1988)
- Mike Nichols (The Graduate - 1967)
- Christopher Nolan (The Dark Knight - 2008)
- Frank Oz (The Score - 2001)
- Yasujirō Ozu (Tokyo Story - 1953)
- Padmarajan (Aparan - 1988)
- Brian De Palma (Scarface - 1983)
- Park Chan-Wook (Oldboy - 2003)
- Sergei Parajanov (The Color of Pomegranates - 1969)
- Alan Parker (Midnight Express - 1978)
- Pier Paolo Pasolini (Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom - 1975)
- Sam Peckinpah (The Wild Bunch - 1969)
- Arthur Penn (Bonnie and Clyde - 1967)
- Sean Penn (Into the Wild - 2007)
- Wolfgang Petersen (Das Boot - 1981)
- Dadasaheb Phalke (Gangavataran - 1937)
- Roman Polanski (Chinatown - 1974)
- Sydney Pollack (Tootsie - 1982)
- Sally Potter (The Man Who Cried - 2000)
- Otto Preminger (Anatomy of a Murder - 1959)
- Powell and Pressburger (The Red Shoes - 1948)
- Bob Rafelson (Five Easy Pieces - 1970)
- Sam Raimi (Spider-Man - 2002)
- S. S. Rajamouli (Baahubali: The Beginning - 2015)
- Harold Ramis (Groundhog Day - 1993)
- Mani Ratnam (Nayakan - 1987)
- Nicholas Ray (Rebel Without a Cause - 1955)
- Satyajit Ray (The Apu Trilogy - 1955-1959)
- Robert Redford (Quiz Show - 1994)
- Nicolas Winding Refn (Drive - 2011)
- Rob Reiner (The Princess Bride - 1987)
- Ivan Reitman (Ghostbusters - 1984)
- Jason Reitman (Up in the Air - 2009)
- Jean Renoir (Grand Illusion - 1937)
- Alain Resnais (Last Year at Marienbad - 1961)
- Leni Riefenstahl (Triumph of the Will - 1935)
- Guy Ritchie (Snatch - 2000)
- Robert Rodriguez (From Dusk till Dawn - 1996)
- Éric Rohmer (Pauline at the Beach - 1983)
- George A. Romero (Night of the Living Dead - 1968)
- Roberto Rossellini (Rome, Open City - 1945)
- Eli Roth (Hostel - 2005)
- Bimal Roy (Do Bigha Zamin - 1953)
- The Russo brothers ("Captain America: Civil War" - 2016)
- Mark Rydell (On Golden Pond - 1981)
- Gus Van Sant (Good Will Hunting - 1997)
- John Sayles (The Secret of Roan Inish - 1994)
- Franklin J. Schaffner (Patton - 1970)
- John Schlesinger (Midnight Cowboy - 1969)
- Volker Schlöndorff (The Tin Drum - 1979)
- Joel Schumacher (The Lost Boys - 1987)
- Ettore Scola (Le Bal - 1983)
- Martin Scorsese (Goodfellas - 1990)
- Ridley Scott (Blade Runner - 1982)
- Tony Scott (Top Gun - 1986)
- Lesley Selander (Tall Man Riding - 1955)
- Shankar (Enthiran - 2010)
- V. Shantaram (Do Aankhen Barah Haath - 1958)
- Daryush Shokof (Seven Servants - 1996)
- M. Night Shyamalan (The Sixth Sense - 1999)
- Vittorio De Sica (Bicycle Thieves - 1948)
- Don Siegel (Dirty Harry - 1971)
- Bryan Singer (The Usual Suspects - 1995)
- Tarsem Singh (The Fall - 2006)
- John Singleton (Boyz n the Hood - 1991)
- Robert Siodmak (The Killers - 1946)
- Kevin Smith (Clerks - 1994)
- Zack Snyder (300 - 2007)
- Steven Soderbergh (Ocean's Eleven - 2001)
- Paolo Sorrentino (The Great Beauty - 2013)
- Steven Spielberg (Schindler's List - 1993)
- Morgan Spurlock (Super Size Me - 2004)
- Sylvester Stallone (Rocky Balboa - 2006)
- George Stevens (Giant - 1956)
- Oliver Stone (Platoon - 1986)
- John Sturges (The Great Escape - 1963)
- Preston Sturges (The Great McGinty - 1940)
- István Szabó (Mephisto - 1981)
- Quentin Tarantino (Pulp Fiction - 1994)
- Andrei Tarkovsky (Solaris - 1972)
- Béla Tarr (Sátántangó - 1994)
- Giuseppe Tornatore (Cinema Paradiso - 1988)
- Guillermo del Toro (Pan's Labyrinth - 2006)
- Andre De Toth (House of Wax - 1953)
- Jacques Tourneur (Cat People - 1942)
- Lars von Trier (Melancholia - 2011)
- Jiří Trnka (The Emperor's Nightingale - 1949)
- François Truffaut (The 400 Blows - 1959)
- Tom Tykwer (Run Lola Run - 1998)
- Jean-Marc Vallée (Dallas Buyers Club - 2013)
- Agnès Varda (Cléo from 5 to 7 - 1962)
- Gore Verbinski (Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl - 2003)
- Paul Verhoeven (RoboCop - 1987)
- King Vidor (The Champ - 1931)
- Denis Villeneuve (Incendies - 2010)
- Thomas Vinterberg (The Hunt - 2012)
- Luchino Visconti (The Leopard - 1963)
- The Wachowskis (The Matrix - 1999)
- James Wan (The Conjuring - 2013)
- John Waters (Cry-Baby - 1990)
- Peter Weir (The Truman Show - 1998)
- Orson Welles (Citizen Kane - 1941)
- Wim Wenders (Paris, Texas - 1984)
- James Whale (Frankenstein - 1931)
- Joss Whedon (The Avengers - 2012)
- Robert Wiene (The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari - 1920)
- Cornel Wilde (Beach Red - 1967)
- Billy Wilder (The Apartment - 1960)
- Robert Wise (West Side Story - 1961)
- John Woo (Face/Off - 1997)
- Ed Wood (Plan 9 from Outer Space - 1959)
- Sam Wood (For Whom the Bell Tolls - 1943)
- Edgar Wright (Shaun of the Dead - 2004)
- Joe Wright (Atonement - 2007)
- William Wyler (Ben-Hur - 1959)
- Edward Yang (Yi Yi: A One and a Two - 2000)
- David Yates (Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix - 2007)
- Peter Yates (Bullitt - 1968)
- Karel Zeman (The Fabulous Baron Munchausen - 1961)
- Robert Zemeckis (Forrest Gump - 1994)
- Mai Zetterling (Loving Couples - 1964)
- Fred Zinnemann (From Here to Eternity - 1953)
- Rob Zombie (The Devil's Rejects - 2005)
See also
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- List of film and television directors
- Outline of film
- Alan Smithee (pseudonym for anonymous directors)
- Filmmaking
- Auteur theory
- List of Austrian film directors
- List of Belgian film directors
- List of Brazilian directors
- List of British film directors
- List of Burmese film directors
- List of Canadian directors
- List of Chinese film directors
- List of Danish film directors
- List of directorial debuts
- List of female directors
- List of female film directors
- List of film director and actor collaborations
- List of film director and cinematographer collaborations
- List of film director and composer collaborations
- List of film director and editor collaborations
- List of film directors from Italy
- List of French film directors
- List of Hungarian film directors
- List of Indian film directors
- List of Iranian film directors
- List of Irish film directors
- List of Japanese film directors
- List of Khmer film directors
- List of Korean film directors
- List of Mexican film directors
- List of New Zealand film directors
- List of Pakistani film directors
- List of Portuguese film directors
- List of prolific film directors
- List of Quebec film directors
- List of Romanian film directors
- List of Slovenian film directors
- List of Sri Lankan film directors
- List of Swedish film directors
- List of Thai film directors
- List of Egyptian film directors
- List of Turkish film directors
- List of Welsh film directors
References
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- ↑ http://work.chron.com/typical-salary-film-director-2669.html. Accessed on March 22, 2014
https://harpercollins.co.in/book/directors-diaries-the-road-to-their-first-film/
Bibliography
- Spencer Moon: Reel Black Talk: A Sourcebook of 50 American Filmmakers, Greenwoood Press 1997
- The St. James Women Filmmakers Encyclopedia: Women on the Other Side of the Camera, Visible Ink Press, 1999
- International dictionary of films and filmmakers, ed. by Tom Pendergast, 4 volumes, Detroit [etc.]: St. James Press, 4th edition 2000, vol. 2: Directors
- Contemporary North American Film Directors: A Wallflower Critical Guide (Wallflower Critical Guides to Contemporary Directors), ed. by Yoram Allon Del Cullen and Hannah Patterson, Second Edition, Columbia Univ Press 2002
- Alexander Jacoby, Donald Richie: A Critical Handbook of Japanese Film Directors: From the Silent Era to the Present Day, Stone Bridge Press, 2008, ISBN 1-933330-53-8
- Rebecca Hillauer: Encyclopedia of Arab Women Filmmakers, American University in Cairo Press, 2005, ISBN 977-424-943-7
- Roy Armes: Dictionary of African Filmmakers, Indiana University Press, 2008, ISBN 0-253-35116-2
- Philippe Rege: Encyclopedia of French Film Directors, Scarecrow Press, 2009
Directors' Diaries - The Road To Their First Film [1]
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Film directors. |
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Film director |
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