Harvard-Kyoto

The Harvard-Kyoto Convention is a system for transliterating in ASCII the Sanskrit language and other languages that use the Devanāgarī script. It is predominantly used informally in e-mail, and for electronic texts.

Vowels

अ	आ	इ	ई	उ	ऊ	ए	ऐ	ओ	औ
a	A	i	I	u	U	e	ai	o	au

Sonorants

ऋ	ॠ	ऌ	ॡ
R	RR	lR	lRR

Anusvāra/Visarga

अं	अः
M	H

Consonants

क	ख	ग	घ	ङ	Velar
k	kh	g	gh	G
च	छ	ज	झ	ञ	Palatal
c	ch	j	jh	J
ट	ठ	ड	ढ	ण	Retroflex
T	Th	D	Dh	N
त	थ	द	ध	न	Dental
t	th	d	dh	n
प	फ	ब	भ	म	Labial
p	ph	b	bh	m
य	र	ल	व		Semi-vowel
y	r	l	v
श	ष	स	ह		Fricative
z	S	s	h

Normal Sanskrit text encoded in the Harvard-Kyoto convention can be automatically translated to Devanāgarī Unicode, with two exceptions. Harvard-Kyoto cannot distinguish अइ (a followed immediately by i, in separate syllables) from ऐ (the diphthong ai); nor can it distinguish ल l with chandrabindu followed by a normal l from a double ll with chandrabindu. Fortunately both of these cases are uncommon.

See also

• Devanagari transliteration
• Velthuis
• IAST
• ITRANS
• National Library at Kolkata romanization
• International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration
• SLP1

External links

• Online Sanskrit Utilities