International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation

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International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation
International organization
1922–1946
Capital Geneva
Political structure International organization
Historical era Interwar period
 •  Creation 1922
 •  Dissolution 1946
Succeeded by
UNESCO
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ICIC Archives in Geneva[1]

The International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation (sometimes League of Nations Committee on Intellectual Cooperation) was an advisory organization for the League of Nations which aimed to promote international exchange between scientists, researchers, teachers, artists and intellectuals.[2][3][4][5] Established in 1922, it counted such figures as Henri Bergson, Albert Einstein, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Jagadish Chandra Bose, Nitobe Inazo, Marie Curie, Gonzague de Reynold and Robert A. Millikan among its members.[6][7][8] The Committee was the predecessor to UNESCO, and all of its properties were transferred to that organisation in 1946.

The International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation (Geneva)

The International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation (ICIC) was formally established in August 1922.[9] Having started out with 12 members, its membership later grew to 19 individuals, mostly from Western Europe.[10] The first session was held on August 1, 1922, under the chairmanship of Henri Bergson. During its lifetime, the committee attracted a variety of prominent members, for instance Albert Einstein, Marie Curie, Kristine Bonnevie, Jules Destrée, Robert Andrews Millikan, Alfredo Rocco, Paul Painlevé, Gonzague de Reynold, Jagadish Chandra Bose and Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan. Einstein resigned in 1923, protesting publicly the committee's inefficacy; he rejoined in 1924 to mitigate the use German chauvinists made of his resignation.[11] The body was successively chaired by:

The CICI maintained a number of sub-committees (e.g. Museums, Arts and Letters, Intellectual Rights or Bibliography) which also worked with figures such as Béla Bartók, Thomas Mann, Salvador de Madariaga and Paul Valéry.

The CICI worked closely with the International Educational Cinematographic Institute created in Rome in 1928 by the Italian government under Mussolini.[12]

The last session took place in 1939, but the CICI was only formally dissolved in 1946, like the League of Nations.

  • League of Nations Commission 067.tif

    CICI Plenary session (date unknown, between 1924 and 1927).

  • Henri Bergson (CICI president) to Inazo Nitobe (International Bureaux Section director), 1924.[13]

  • League of Nations Commission 075.tif

    CICI Plenary session 1939.

  • Bundesarchiv Bild 102-11045, Genf, Haus des Völkerbundrates.jpg

    The Palais Wilson (Geneva), seat of the LoN and the CICI between 1922 and 1937.

The International Institute of Intellectual Cooperation (Paris)

File:Sap01 mh0092807 p - IMG 20140526 1501390000.tif
A side of the Palais-Royal (Paris), where the IIIC was installed in 1926.

In order to support the work of the commission in Geneva, the organization was offered assistance from France to establish an executive branch, the International Institute of Intellectual Cooperation (IIIC), in Paris in 1926. However, the IIIC had an autonomous status and was almost only financed by the French Government. It maintained relations with the League's member states, which established national commissions for intellectual cooperation and appointed delegates to represent their interests at the Institute in Paris. While being an international organisation, each of the IIIC's three successive directors was French:

From 1926 to 1930, Alfred Zimmern – the well-known British classicist and a pioneering figure in the discipline of international relations – served as the IIIC's Deputy Director.

As a result of the Second World War, the Institute was closed from 1940 to 1944. It re-opened briefly from 1945 to 1946. When it closed for good in 1946, UNESCO inherited its archives and some parts of its mission.[14][15]

References

General

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  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (English summary)

Specific

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  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. See also: French version (PDF) and English summary.
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Notes

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External links

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  1. ↑ League of Nations archives, United Nations Office in Geneva. With a network Visualization of the ICIC archives, showing thousands of documents exchanged between the plenary committee, its secretary, national commissions and experts. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (PDF), Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Shine 2018.
  3. ↑ Grandjean 2016b.
  4. ↑ Iriye 2002.
  5. ↑ Laqua 2011.
  6. ↑ Pernet 2014.
  7. ↑ Grandjean 2016a.
  8. ↑ Grandjean 2014b.
  9. ↑ Grandjean 2017.
  10. ↑ Grandjean 2020.
  11. ↑ Albert Einstein, Ideas and Opinions (New York: Bonanza/Crown, 1954), p. 84.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ LoN archives 1924, United Nations Offices in Geneva. Picture from this collection.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Renoliet 1999.
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