Ismailia

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For the branch of Shia Islam, see Ismailism. For the foraminiferan genus, see Ismailia (genus).
Ismailia
الإسماعيلية
City
275px
136px 136px
90px 90px 90px
Country Egypt
Governorate Ismailia
Area[1]
 • Total 68.8 km2 (26.6 sq mi)
Elevation[1] 14 m (46 ft)
Population (2021)[1]
 • Total 1,429,465
 • Density 21,000/km2 (54,000/sq mi)
Demonym(s) Ismailiata
Time zone EET (UTC+2)
Area code(s) (+20) 69 or (+20) 64

Ismailia (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist. al-Ismāʻīlīyah, arz) is a city in north-eastern Egypt. Situated on the west bank of the Suez Canal, it is the capital of the Ismailia Governorate. The city had an estimated population of about 1,430,000 in 2024 (about 750,000, if including surrounding rural areas). It is located approximately halfway between Port Said to the north and Suez to the south. The Canal widens at that point to include Lake Timsah, one of the Bitter Lakes linked by the Canal.

History

Ismaïlia, ca. 1870
File:Ismailia Train Station, Egypt 1915. Indian troops are lined up in front of it.jpg
Indian troops lined up in front of Ismalia Train Station, 1915.
File:ISMAILIA - Office of the Suez Canal Co.png
Postcard of the Suez Canal Company

Ismailia was founded in 1863, during the construction of the Suez Canal, by Khedive Ismail, after whom the city is named. Following the Battle of Kafr-el-Dawwar in 1882 the British established a base there.

The head office of the Suez Canal Authority is located in Ismailia at the shore of Lake Timsah. It has a large number of buildings dating from British and French involvement with the Canal. Most of these buildings are currently used by Canal employees and officials.

During World War I the British had an air base there and the Battle of Romani took place nearby. Ismailia War Cemetery was designed in 1919 by Sir Robert Lorimer marking the casualties of the battle.[2]

In 1973 the Battle of Ismailia took place in the city, in which Israeli forces under Ariel Sharon failed to capture the city and cut supplies for the Egyptian Second Army, which was a strategic and tactical victory for Egypt.

In October 2023, a massive fire broke out in the security directorate of the city, leaving the building fully burned with 38 injured and 1 dead.[3][4]

Government and politics

The Muslim Brotherhood was founded in Ismailia by Hassan al-Banna in March 1928. An underground paramilitary wing was established in the 1940s, primarily to contest the British occupation of Egypt. In the early 1950s, Ismailia hosted the British Military HQ and the Civilian Administration Centre of the Canal Zone. An attack on an Egyptian government building and army barracks manned by auxiliary policemen by a British Army force on 25 January 1952 was a key event leading to the overthrow of King Farouk I later that year and the Egyptian Revolution that followed. British forces pulled out of Ismailia in 1954.

Eparchy

On 17 December 1982 an Eparchy (Eastern Catholic Diocese) of Ismayliah was established on territory split off from the Coptic Catholic Patriarchate of Alexandria (Alexandrian Rite in Coptic language), which remains its Metropolitan. Its episcopal see is St. Mark's cathedral.

Suffragan Eparchs (Bishops of Ismayliah)
  • Athanasios Abadir (17 December 1982 – 25 December 1992, his death), previously Titular Bishop of Appia and Patriarchal Vicar of Alexandria of the Copts (Egypt) (18 May 1976 – 17 December 1982)
  • Youhannes Ezzat Zakaria Badir (23 November 1992 – 23 June 1994), later Eparch (Bishop) of Luqsor of the Copts (Egypt) (23 June 1994 – 27 December 2015, his death)
  • Makarios Tewfik (23 June 1994 – 29 June 2019, resigned)
  • Daniel Lotfy Khella (29 June 2019 – 23 September 2022) (Patriarchal administrator 23 September 2022 – 31 March 2023)
  • Pola Ayoub Matta Usama Shafik Akhnoukh (31 March 2023 – Present)

Education

Ismailia has several public and private schools. Ismailia is the home of the Suez Canal University, established in 1976 with the help of the Chinese Government to serve the region of Suez Canal and Sinai. Suez Canal University now is one of the fastest growing educational institutions in Egypt with many students studying abroad.

Culture and recreation

Arts and festivals

Virgin Mary Church known as "Guardian of the Canal", is one of many examples of French architecture in Ismailia

Ismailia hosts two important festivals each year. The first is the International Film Festival for Documentaries and Shorts that is held in June.[5] In June 2014, the 17th consecutive festival was organized. The second is the Ismailia International Folklore Arts Festival that is held in September. In this festival folkloric troupes from all around the globe meet in Ismailia, where they perform folkloric dances representing the culture of their countries.[6]

Tourism

Ferdinand de Lesseps' house and office in Ismailia, near the Suez Canal

Ismailia does get tourists from within Egypt, but is not a major tourism destination for international tourists. The city is approximately a ninety-minute automobile drive from Cairo. From Ismailia it is approximately a four-hour drive to Sharm el-Sheikh in South Sinai. Driving to the Taba Border Crossing at Taba and the Rafah Border Crossing at Rafah are both approximately four-hour drives. A major attraction is the Ismailia Museum which was built in 1932. Visitors will find a variety of significant archaeological finds especially from sites in the Ismailia governorate such as Tell el-Maskhuta, from North Sinai, and from Upper Egypt.

Sports

File:Ismailia Stadium.jpg
Ismailia Stadium

Ismailia is home to the third most successful club in Egypt (in the field of Football, Ismaily SC. The club's performance is considered a major political issue, and can tend to dictate the city's mood. The team enjoys brief stints of competition for local and international competition, but its financial situation prevents these stints from extending beyond a few years. The team has won the Egyptian League three times (1967, 1991, 2002), the Egyptian Cup twice (1997, 2000), and the African Cup of Champions Clubs once in 1969 as the first Egyptian and Arab Club team to have won this league.

Climate

Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as hot desert (BWh).

The hottest recorded temperature was 47 °C (117 °F) on 14 June 1944 while the coldest recorded temperature was 0.2 °C (32.4 °F) in January.[7]

Climate data for Ismailia (Ismailia Air Base) 1961–1990
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 28.6
(83.5)		 33.6
(92.5)		 39.2
(102.6)		 41.4
(106.5)		 46.2
(115.2)		 46.0
(114.8)		 43.5
(110.3)		 42.0
(107.6)		 44.0
(111.2)		 39.4
(102.9)		 36.5
(97.7)		 32.0
(89.6)		 46.2
(115.2)
Average high °C (°F) 19.2
(66.6)		 20.9
(69.6)		 23.3
(73.9)		 28.6
(83.5)		 31.8
(89.2)		 34.8
(94.6)		 35.7
(96.3)		 35.3
(95.5)		 33.1
(91.6)		 30
(86)		 25.4
(77.7)		 20.9
(69.6)		 28.2
(82.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) 14.8
(58.6)		 16.1
(61)		 18.3
(64.9)		 22.9
(73.2)		 25.7
(78.3)		 28
(82)		 29.8
(85.6)		 29.6
(85.3)		 27.8
(82)		 24.8
(76.6)		 20.3
(68.5)		 15.9
(60.6)		 22.8
(73)
Average low °C (°F) 7.6
(45.7)		 8.3
(46.9)		 10.3
(50.5)		 14.1
(57.4)		 16.4
(61.5)		 19.5
(67.1)		 21.3
(70.3)		 21.5
(70.7)		 19.7
(67.5)		 16.6
(61.9)		 12.7
(54.9)		 8.9
(48)		 14.7
(58.5)
Record low °C (°F) 0.2
(32.4)		 2
(36)		 4.6
(40.3)		 6.8
(44.2)		 10.2
(50.4)		 15
(59)		 17
(63)		 18
(64)		 15.2
(59.4)		 9.7
(49.5)		 4.6
(40.3)		 4.8
(40.6)		 0.2
(32.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 7
(0.28)		 6
(0.24)		 7
(0.28)		 2
(0.08)		 2
(0.08)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 2
(0.08)		 6
(0.24)		 5
(0.2)		 37
(1.46)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 1.1 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.5 3.5
Average relative humidity (%) 57 54 49 43 42 46 48 51 54 55 58 60 51.4
Source: NOAA[8]
Ismailia's railway station

Notable people

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Dictionary of Scottish Architects: Robert Lorimer
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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External links

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