James E. English

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For other people of the same name, see James English (disambiguation).
James E. English
JEEnglish.jpg
United States Senator
from Connecticut
In office
November 27, 1875 – May 17, 1876
Preceded by Orris S. Ferry
Succeeded by William H. Barnum
44th Governor of Connecticut
In office
May 4, 1870 – May 16, 1871
Lieutenant Julius Hotchkiss
Preceded by Marshall Jewell
Succeeded by Marshall Jewell
43rd Governor of Connecticut
In office
May 1, 1867 – May 5, 1869
Lieutenant Ephraim H. Hyde
Preceded by Joseph R. Hawley
Succeeded by Marshall Jewell
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Connecticut's 2nd district
In office
March 4, 1861 – March 3, 1865
Preceded by John Woodruff
Succeeded by Samuel L. Warner
Personal details
Born James Edward English
March 13, 1812
New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.
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New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.
Spouse(s) -Caroline A. Fowler English, Anna Robinson Morris English
Children Edward Fowler English (1838 - 1841), Augusta Caroline English (1843 - 1857), Edward Fowler English (1848 - 1849), Henry Fowler English (1851 - 1947)
Profession Politician, banker, lumberman, manufacturer

James Edward English (March 13, 1812 – March 2, 1890) was a United States Representative and later U.S. Senator from Connecticut.

Early life and education

English was born in New Haven, Connecticut and attended the common schools. An apprentice carpenter at the age of 16, he became a successful businessman, establishing the English and Welch Lumber Company, and restructuring the New Haven Clock Company into one of the largest clock manufacturers.[1] He was twice married; to Caroline A. Fowler and to Anna Robinson Morris. He had four children; Edward Fowler English (1838 - 1841), Augusta Caroline English (1843 - 1857), Edward Fowler English (1848 - 1849), and Henry Fowler English (1851 - 1947).[2]

Career

English engaged in the lumber business, banking, and manufacturing. He was a member of the New Haven board of selectmen from 1847 to 1861, and a member of the common council in 1848 and 1849. He was a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives in 1855 and of the Connecticut Senate from 1856 to 1858, and was an unsuccessful candidate for lieutenant governor in 1860.

English was elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-seventh and Thirty-eighth Congresses, serving from March 4, 1861 to March 4, 1865.[3] He was not a candidate for renomination in 1864.

Left his ill wife to vote at the U.S. Capitol in favor of the Thirteenth Amendment abolishing slavery in 1864. His "aye" prompted applause "and the tide turned."

However, in Steven Spielberg's 2012 Lincoln film, both English and Augustus Brandegee, his abolitionist Republican colleague from Connecticut, are given two fictional names and are both shown, erroneously, to have voted against the amendment.[4]

Regarding his vote in favor of the Thirteenth Amendment, English said to a friend: "I suppose I am politically ruined, but that day was the happiest of my life."[5]

Unsuccessful in his 1866 gubernatorial bid, English was elected Connecticut's 26th governor on April 1, 1867,[6] serving from May 1, 1867 to May 5, 1869. He lost his reelection in 1869, but was successfully reelected in 1870 and served from May 4, 1870 to May 16, 1871. During his tenure, an argument between the railroad and shipping industries was settled with the approval for construction of two new bridges. English ran again for reelection in 1871, and won the popular vote, but a canvassing committee found the election was fraudulent with stolen votes and erroneous totals, and awarded the governorship to Marshall Jewell.

English was elected again in 1872 to serve in the Connecticut House of Representatives. He was appointed as a Democrat to the U.S. Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Orris S. Ferry and served from November 27, 1875, to May 17, 1876, when a successor was elected.[7]

An unsuccessful candidate for election in 1876 to fill the vacancy, English resumed his manufacturing and commercial activities.

Death

English died in New Haven March 2, 1890 (age 77 years, 354 days), and is interred at Evergreen Cemetery, New Haven, Connecticut.[8]

References

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External links


United States House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Connecticut's 2nd congressional district
March 4, 1861 – March 4, 1865		 Succeeded by
Samuel L. Warner
Political offices
Preceded by Governor of Connecticut
1867–1869		 Succeeded by
Marshall Jewell
Preceded by Governor of Connecticut
1870–1871
United States Senate
Preceded by U.S. Senator (Class 3) from Connecticut
November 27, 1875 – May 17, 1876
Served alongside: William W. Eaton		 Succeeded by
William H. Barnum

 This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.

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