Landtag of Hesse

Landtag of Hesse Hessischer Landtag
Type
Type	Landtag
Leadership
President of the Landtag	Norbert Kartmann, CDU Since 2003
Structure
Seats	110
250px
Political groups	Government (61)      CDU (47)      The Greens (14) Opposition Parties      SPD (37)      The Left (6)      FDP (6)
Elections
Last election	22 September 2013
Next election	before January 2019
Meeting place
Stadtschloss, Wiesbaden
Website
www.hessischer-landtag.de/

Landtag of Hesse

File:Wiesbaden Hessischer Landtag nach Umbau 2008 neuer Eingang Grabenstraße - Foto Wolfgang Pehlemann PICT0185.jpg

Landtag of Hesse, extension

The Landtag of Hesse (German: Hessischer Landtag) is the Parliament of the State of Hesse in the Federal Republic of Germany. It convenes in the Stadtschloss, Wiesbaden. As a Legislature it is responsible for passing laws at the state level and enacting the budget. Its most important function is to elect and control the state government. The constitution of the State of Hesse describes the role of the Landtag in §§ 75 to 99.

The Landtag consists of 110 members of five Parties. There is currently a coalition between the CDU and the Greens. The President of the Landtag is Norbert Kartmann and the Minister-President of Hesse is Volker Bouffier.

Elections

Beratender Landesausschuss

After World War II, the state of Hesse was restored by the US military administration under the name of Greater Hesse. In 1945, the US military administration implemented the "Beratender Landesausschuss", literally an advisory council. The members of this pre-parliament were appointed and not elected.

Party	Seats
CDU	12
SPD	12
LDP	12
KPD	12
total	48

Constitutional convention

On 30 June 1946 a Constitutional convention of Hesse ("Verfassungsgebenden Landesversammlung") was elected.

This election was won by the SPD, even if the SPD failed to capture a majority of seats. On 22 November 1945 the constitution for Greater Hesse (Staatsgrundgesetz des Staates Groß-Hessen) was introduced.

Party	Seats
SPD	41
CDU	36
KPD	7
LDP	6
total	90

1st Legislative period (1946 through 1950)

The first regular election on 1 December 1946 was also won by the SPD.

A grand coalition of SPD and CDU decided on electing Christian Stock (SPD) as first free elected Minister-President of Hesse after World War II.

Party	Seats
SPD	38
CDU	28
LDP	14
KPD	10
total	90

2nd Legislative period (1950 through 1954)

The second election on 19 November 1950 inaugurated the 37-year period of the so-called "red Hesse". The SPD achieved majority and the CDU, the former partner in the grand coalition, lost close to 60% of their seats. Until 1987, all governments of Hesse have been headed by SPD politicians.

On 14 December 1950 the former Minister of Justice, Georg August Zinn (SPD) was elected as Minister-President of Hesse. Zinn was re-elected 4 times and was Minister-President until 3 October 1969.

Party	Seats 1950	Seats 1954
SPD	47	48
FDP	13	13
CDU	12	12
GB/BHE	8	7
total	80	80

3rd Legislative period (1954 through 1958)

Even if the SPD lost the absolute majority in the third election on 28 November 1953, it managed to agree on a coalition with the "All-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights" a party representing the victims of the Expulsion of Germans after World War II.

Party	Seats 1954	Seats 1958
SPD	44	44
CDU	24	24
FDP	21	20
GB/BHE	7	7
Non-Inscrits	0	1
total	96	96

4th Legislative period (1958 through 1962)

The fourth election of 23 November 1958 perpetuated the previous coalition.

Party	Seats
SPD	48
CDU	32
FDP	9
GB/BHE	7
total	96

5th Legislative period (1962 through 1966)

Even if the SPD obtained absolute majority on 11 November 1962, Zinn decided to continue the coalition with the GDP ("Gesamtdeutsche Partei", the new name of GB/BHE).

Party	Seats 1962	Seats 1966
SPD	51	51
CDU	26	26
FDP	11	12
GDP	6	5
total	94	94

6th Legislative period (1966 through 1970)

On 6 November 1966, the SPD elected a majority of MPs once more. Zinn was appointed one last time as Minister-President. On 3 October 1969, 68-year-old Zinn resigned and Albert Osswald (SPD) was elected as his successor.

Party	Begin	End
SPD	52	52
CDU	26	26
FDP	10	10
NPD	8	7
Non-Inscrits	0	1
total	96	96

7th Legislative period (1970 through 1974)

Headed by Alfred Dregger the CDU was able to make an impressive jump in the election of 8 November 1970. The SPD lost its majority but agreed on a Social-liberal coalition with the FDP and Albert Osswald was reelected.

Party	Seats
SPD	53
CDU	46
FDP	11
total	110

8th Legislative period (1974 through 1978)

Alfred Dregger and his CDU were even more successful in the election on 27 October 1974. For the first time in the history of Hesse, the CDU overtook the SPD. But the coalition was confirmed and Osswald stayed as Minister-President.

Two years later Osswald resigned because of the Helaba-scandal. Holger Börner (SPD) was elected as Minister-President in his place.

Party	Seats 1974	Seats 1978
CDU	53	53
SPD	49	49
FDP	8	7
Non-Inscrits	0	1
total	110

9th Legislative period (1978 through 1982)

Expecting a majority, the results were disappointing for the CDU. In the period of RAF terrorism, the CDU stagnated and the SPD-FDP coalition was confirmed in the elections on 8 October 1978. On 11 May 1981, deputy Minister-President Heinz-Herbert Karry was assassinated by terrorists in his flat in Frankfurt am Main. This legislative period is also marked by the demonstrations against the extension of the Frankfurt Airport. Himself hard-pressed by activists in his car, Börner, previously a learned roofer, at the time said that 40 years ago, he would have answered such attacks directed at his person – meaning the anti-airport-activists (the later Greens) – with "roof battens". Börner thus entered Hesse history as the "Man with a roof batten".

Party	Seats
CDU	53
SPD	50
FDP	7
total	110

10th Legislative period (1982 through 1983)

After the break of the Social-liberal coalition in Germany, the FDP was not able to reach more than 5% and got no seats in the Landtag. At the same time, themselves reaching the 5% threshold, the Greens (Die Grünen) made their entrance in a German parliament for the first time, but not long thereafter, they announced their fundamental opposition to form a coalition with one of the other political groups. For its part, the SPD was not willing to accept a grand coalition headed by the CDU. As a result, a Snap election took place a year later.

Party	Seats
CDU	52
SPD	49
Greens	9
total	110

11th Legislative period (1983 through 1987)

The extraordinary election on 25 August 1983 got no new result. The FDP returned to the Landtag but the CDU and the FDP, as well as the SPD, obtained no majority.

Party	Seats
SPD	51
CDU	44
FDP	8
Die Grünen	7
total	110

Holger Börner was reelected as Minister-President and in 1985 a first Red-green alliance in Germany was formed. Joschka Fischer was nominated minister for environment and energy. The Green party at this time was divided in "fundamental" and "democratic" factions. These two groups were not able to agree on a common politic. The "red-green-chaos" was the common description for these years. The coalition ended in February 1987.

12th Legislative period (1987 through 1991)

The 1987 election was a milestone. As a rule, the party ruling Germany lost votes in the state elections. CDU and FDP had lost all elections on state level since Helmut Kohl had been elected as chancellor. But the red-green-chaos lead to surprising results: on 5 April 1987, the CDU and the FDP won the elections and Walter Wallmann became the first CDU Minister-President of Hesse.

Party	Seats
CDU	47
SPD	44
Die Grünen	10
FDP	9
total	110

13th Legislative period (1991 through 1995)

The vote on 20 January 1991 was as close as the last one, but this time the SPD and the Greens obtained slightly more seats. Hand Eichel (SPD) became the new Minister-President, supported by a red/green-alliance.

Party	Seats
SPD	46
CDU	46
Die Grünen	10
FDP	8
total	110

14th Legislative period (1995 through 1999)

In the elections on 19 February 1995 the red/green-alliance was confirmed.

Party	Seats 1995	Seats 1999
CDU	45	45
SPD	44	44
Die Grünen	13	13
FDP	8	7
Non-Inscrits	0	1
total	110	110

15th Legislative period (1999 through 2003)

Main article: Hesse state election, 1999

On 7 February 1999, the CDU won the elections with a 4.2% margin. One of the main reasons given for this result is an unpopular red/green legislative project aimed at granting citizenship to aliens. This would have granted suffrage to millions of aliens (mainly Turks). According to surveys, 80% of these aliens would have voted for left-leaning parties. In order to put a stop to this project, the CDU organized a campaign and collected more than 5 million signatures.

Roland Koch (CDU) was appointed Minister-President of a CDU-FDP coalition.

Party	Seats
CDU	50
SPD	46
Bündnis 90/Die Grünen	8
FDP	6
total	110

16th Legislative period (2003 through 2008)

Main article: Hesse state election, 2003

The election of 2 February 2003 was a disaster for the SPD. The CDU managed to get a majority even without the FDP. All but two constituencies were won – even in the north of Hesse, where the SPD had won each single election in the 20th century.

Party	Seats
CDU	56
SPD	33
Bündnis 90/Die Grünen	12
FDP	9
total	110

17th Legislative period (2008 through 2009)

Main article: Hesse state election, 2008

Like in 1982, the results of the election allowed no stable coalition to take the reins of government. Andrea Ypsilanti, leader of the SPD, had promised several times during the electoral campaign not to work together with the new leftist party Die Linke (The Left). A few weeks after election day, she was tempted to go for a SPD–Green coalition supported by The Left but under opposition from MP Dagmar Metzger (SPD) decided not to renege on her promise not to pursue such a venue. As of today, Roland Koch is still Minister-President but without majority in the parliament. After a second unsuccessful attempt by Ypsilanti to take power, all parties agreed to dissolve the Landtag and call for early elections on 18 January 2009.

Party	Seats
CDU	42
SPD	42
FDP	11
Bündnis 90/Die Grünen	9
Die Linke	6
total	110

18th Legislative period (2009 through 2014)

File:Hessischer Landtag 2009–2013.svg

Seating Landtag of Hesse

Main article: Hesse state election, 2009

The early elections on 18 January 2009 led to a stable majority of CDU and FDP. Andrea Ypsilanti had resigned to candidate for Ministerpresident. New leader of the SPD was Thorsten Schäfer-Gümbel, a unknown backbencher and loyal supporter of Ypsilanti. Now SPD declared their will to work with Die Linke together for a left wing majority. On 18 January 2009 the SPD lost a third of their seats.

Party	Seats
CDU	46
SPD	29
FDP	20
Bündnis 90/Die Grünen	17
Die Linke	6
total	118

19th Legislative period (2014 through 2018)

File:Hessischer Landtag 2014–2018.svg

Main article: Hesse state election, 2013

The elections of September the 22nd 2013 didn't lead to a stable majority for any of the common coalitions. After several weeks of coalition talks Volker Bouffier's CDU and Tarek Al-Wazir's Green Party formed the first black-green coalition of a territorial state in Germany.

Party	Seats
CDU	47
SPD	37
Bündnis 90/Die Grünen	14
Die Linke	6
FDP	6
total	110

See also

• List of Presidents of the Landtag of Hesse

External links

• Official webpage (German)