List of Mughal grand viziers

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Wazir-e-azam of
the Mughal Empire
Appointer Moghul Padisah
Formation 1526
First holder Amir Nizamu-d din Khalifa
Final holder Asaf-ud-Daula
Abolished 1797

This is the list of grand viziers (vazīr-e azam) of the Mughal Empire.

History

The seniormost official under the Mughals, or the Prime Minister, held different titles such as Vakil, Vakil-us-Sultanat, Wazir, Diwan, Diwan-i-Ala and Diwan Wazir under different Mughal emperors.[1] Under Babur and Humayun, the institution of the wazirat was not fully developed owing to a lack of an entrenched nobility and political upheaval. Nonetheless, individuals under both rulers did rise to positions equivalent to the position of prime minister and under Humayun reforms were first attempted to clarify the roles of Vakil and Wazir.[1]

In the early years of Akbar's reign, the position of prime minister was first officially held by Bairam Khan as Vakil-us-Sultanat, and he exercised considerable influence over the emperor. Over time the power of the Vakil gradually declined, and during the reign of his successor Jahangir the role of Wazir replaced the Vakil as the most important officer in government.[1] Mughal wazirs were specifically appointed from the ahl-i-qalam(men of the pen) as distinct from the ahl-i-saif(men of the sword).[2] With the abolishment of the post of Wakil, the post was divided into the two offices of Wazir and Mir Bakhshi, where the chief Wazir was the head of the finance department, while the Mir Bakhshi was the head of the military department.[3] These two offices were made jointly responsible for the administration by a system of signatures and counter-signatures.[4] Until the death of Aurangzeb, the post of Wazir was never a threat to the monarchy as the Wazir could not act too independently. However, after the death of Aurangzeb, the pre-mughal tradition in India of the Wazir being the premier noble at the court and leading counsellor of the king apart from being the head of the financial administration had been re-established.[5]

List of grand viziers

Portrait Name Term of office Notable events Emperor
Amir Nizamuddin Khalifa 1526 1540 1st Battle of Panipat

Battle of Khanwa

 Babur (1526 – 1530)

& Humayun (1530 – 1540)
Qaracha Khan 1540 ? He was a governor of Qandahar and Humayun appoint him as Grand-Vizier of the Mughal State. Humayun (1530 – 1556)
80px Bairam Khan[1] 1556 1560 Akbar-i-Azam
اکبر اعظم
(1556-1605)
80px Munim Khan 1560 1565
Muzaffar Khan Turbati[6] 1575 1579 No Vakil was appointed after his appointment to governorship in Bengal from 1579 until 1589
90px Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak[7] 1579 1602
Sharif Khan[1] 1605 1611 Jahangir
جہانگیر
(1605-1627)
80px Mirza Ghias Beg[1] 1611 1622
Portrait of Asaf Khan.jpg Abu'l-Hasan Asaf Khan[1] 1622 1630
80px Afzal Khan Shirazi[1] 1630 1639 Shah Jahan
شاہ جہان
(1628-1658)
80px Islam Khan Mashadi[1] 1639 1640
80px Shaikh Ilam-ud-Din Ansari[8] 1640 1642
Sadullah Khan giving audience, c1655.jpg Sadullah Khan[9] 1642 1656
80px Mir Jumla[10] 1656 1657 Alamgir I
عالمگیر
(1658-1707)
Jafar Khan[11] 1657 1658
Fazil Khan[12] 1658 1663
Jafar Khan[13] 1663 1670 [14]
80px Asad Khan[15] 1675 1707
Mun'im Khan Khan-i-Khanan[16] 1707 1711 Bahadur Shah I
بہادر شاہ
(1707-1712)
Hidayatullah Khan Kashmiri[17] 1711 1713 Jahandar Shah
جہاندار شاہ
(1712-1713)
80px Zulfiqar Khan Nusrat Jung[18] 1712 1713
Mir Rustam Ali Khan[1] 1710 1737 Farrukhsiyar
فرخ سیر
(1713–1719)
80px Qutb-ul-Mulk Abdullah Khan Barha[19] 1713 1720
  • Mughal throne occupied by a series of puppet rulers under the Syed brothers.[20]
Muḥammad Amín Xán.jpg Muhammad Amin Khan Turani[21] 1720 1721 Muhammad Shah
محمد شاہ
(1719-1748)
80px Mir Qamar-ud-Din Khan Asaf Jah I[22] 1721 1723
Roshan-ud Daula Zafar Khan Roshan-ud-Daulah Zafar Khan[23][24] 1724 1733
The vizier Qamar ud-Din circa 1735 Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris.jpg Mir Fazil Qamar-ud-Din Khan 1733 1748


80px Safdar Jang[25] 1748 1753 Ahmad Shah Bahadur
احمد شاہ بہادر
(1748-1754)
Intizam-ud-Daulah[26] 1753 1754
Ghází al-Dín Xán ʿImád al-Mulk.jpg Imad-ul-Mulk Feroze Jung[27] 1754 1760 Alamgir II
عالمگیر دوم
(1754-1759)
Shuja-ud-daula, Nawab of Oudh.tif (de-facto wazir-i-azam

Shuja ud-Daulah)[28]

(Original shahjada-wazir-i-azam

Mirza Jawan Bakht)

 1760

1760

 1775

1784

 Shah Alam II
شاہ عالم دوم
(1760-1806)
Najaf Quli Khan[29] 1772 1791

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ John F. Richards, The New Cambridge History of India: The Mughal Empire (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993), p. 262
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[dead link]
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ Khwaja, Sehar. "Fosterage and Motherhood in the Mughal Harem: Intimate Relations and the Political System in Eighteenth-Century India." Social Scientist 46, no. 5-6 (2018): 39-60. Accessed August 7, 2020. doi:10.2307/26530803.
  27. ↑ Khwaja, Sehar. "Fosterage and Motherhood in the Mughal Harem: Intimate Relations and the Political System in Eighteenth-Century India." Social Scientist 46, no. 5-6 (2018): 39-60. Accessed August 7, 2020. doi:10.2307/26530803.
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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