List of Ukrainian rulers

This list encompasses all rulers and leaders of what is today Ukraine, from ancient to modern times.

The term "Ukrainians" is used according to the modern definition of "the inhabitants of the land Ukraine" not just those who identify with the ethnic group. This list includes only local rulers whose seat of power was located in the modern Ukraine and only the rulers whose power was derived directly from the people of the territory at the time, and does not include the governors who received their authority from some foreign powers (as during Lithuanian, Polish, Hungarian, Austrian, Russian, Czechoslovakian and Romanian overlordship).

This is not a list of sovereigns. Throughout its history the territory of modern Ukraine had various forms of governance from monarchies to democratic republics.

Antiquity (c. 500 BC – 16 BC)

Scythian kings

Main article: Scythia

Scythian king Skilurus, relief from Scythian Neapolis, Crimea, 2nd century BC

Scythia was a loose state that originated as early as the 8th century BC. Little is known of them and their rulers. Most detailed description came down to us from Herodotus.

• Scylas aka Skyles or Skylla (c. 500 BC – c. 450 BC) – Herodotus describes him as a Scythian whose mother was Greek, he was expelled by his people
• Octamasadas aka Oktamasades (c. 450 BC)
• Ateas the Thataean (c. 429 BC – 339 BC) – defeated by the Macedonians; his empire fell apart
• Skilurus aka Skylurus (c. 110 BC) – deposed c. 100 BC by the Sarmatians
• Palacus aka Palakus (c. 100 BC) – the last Scythian ruler, defeated by Mithridates VI of Pontus

Kings of Cimmerian Bosporus

Main article: Kings of Cimmerian Bosporus

A silver coin depicting Mithradates VI of Pontus

The shores of Crimea were settled by Greeks since the 7th century BC. The kingdom was established around 480 BC. It was ruled by three consecutive dynasties: Archaenactidae (480 BC – 438 BC), Spartocids (438 BC – 108 BC), and Pontids (108 BC – 16 BC). After Pontids the territory became a Roman client kingdom.

Pontids

• Mithridates VI of Pontus (108 BC – 64 BC)
• Pharnaces (64 BC – 47 BC)
• Asander (47 BC – 17 BC)
• Scribonius (17 BC – 16 BC)

Migration period (c. 200 – c. 800)

In Eastern Europe the The Great Migration Period kicked off with the descent of the Goths from the Baltic region into the territory of modern Ukraine, about AD 200. They either took over or assimilated with the local Slavic tribes. The Goths were in turn pushed out by aggressively encroaching Huns, about 375. The Goths went on to conquer Southern Europe and the Huns moved to the Balkans and created a Hunnic Empire which lasted for a hundred years. After splitting of the Empire, some of the Huns moved back north in the territories of modern Ukraine and formed Patria Onoguria, now known as Old Great Bulgaria. In the 7th century Onoguria largely defected to Khazaria – an expanding Turkic state centered in the North Caucuses which controlled the Eurasian steppe until the 9th century.

Gothic rulers

Main article: Chernyakhov culture

In 238, the Goths for the first time passed the Danube, and took to the Black Sea. The division of the Goths (Thervingi-Vesi and Greuthungi-Ostrogothi) is first attested in 291.

Tervingi

The Balti dynasty, Balth(e)s, Baltungs, or Balthings, existed among the Tervingi ("forest people"), called later the Visigothi. The names of the Drevlyans and the Gothic Tervingi in Ukraine have often been adduced as parallels to agac-ari ("forest men" in Turkic).

• Nidad, reik ("ruler") (c. 218 – 249)
• Ovida, son of Nidad, co-ruler (c. 249 – 273)
• Cniva aka Kniwa ("knife"), brother of Ovida, co-ruler
• Ilderic aka Hilderith, son of Ovida, co-ruler (c. 273 – 317)
• Ariaric aka Ascaric, brother of Hilderith, co-ruler
• Geberic aka Geberich, son of Hilderith, kindin ("king") (c. 317 – 350)
• Athanaric aka Aþanareiks ("year-king"), pagan, Gunþi-reik ("battle prince") (365–381)
• Fritigern aka Frithugairns ("desiring peace"), converted to Arianism, Gunþi-reik (369–382)

Greuthungi

The Amali dynasty, Amals, Amaler, or Amalings of the Greuthungi ("steppe dwellers" or "people of the pebbly coasts"), called later the Ostrogothi.

• Amal (Amala), the Fortunate, born fl. 110 or c. 123
• Hisarna, (Isarna), the Iron One, born fl. 140 or c. 153
• Ostrogotha, the Patient, born fl. 170 or c. 183, died c. 250 in Ukraine
• Hunuil ("Immune to Magic") aka Ginvila, born fl. 210 or c. 213
• Athal (Athala), the Noble One, born fl. 240 or c. 243 in Ukraine
• Achiulf (Agiulf), born fl. 270 or c. 273 in Ukraine
• Wultwulf (Vultuulf, Vulthulf, Vuldulf), born fl. 300 in Ukraine, died fl. 370, prince of the Goths
• Ermanaric (Hermanaric, Ermanarich, Hermanarik), born c. 303 in Ukraine, king of the Getae/Greutungi/Ostrogoths (335 or 350 – 375 or 376)
• Winithar (Vinitharius), Conqueror of the Venedi-Slavs (Antes), born fl. 345 or c. 353 in Ukraine, the last independent king of the Ostrogoths (376–380)
• Hunimund ("Protege of the Huns"), the Beautiful, born c. 326 in Ukraine, the first Hunnic vassal prince of the Ostrogoths (376-fl.405)

Hunnic rulers

Main article: Huns

• Balambér aka Bülümer (Bulümar, Balamir), conqueror of the Ostrogoths (376–378)
• Baltazár aka Alyp-bi, king of the Western Huns (378–390), buried on Kuyantau (current Kiev)
• Uldin aka Ulduz, king of the Western Huns (390–c. 411)
• Donatus, King of the Eastern Huns (c. 382–412)
• Charaton aka Aksungur (Aksuvar), (c. 411–c. 422)
• Octar aka Oktar (Uptar ?), (c. 425–c. 430)
• Rugila aka Ruga (Rua, Roila), Yabgu (prince), then king (432–434)
• Mundzuk aka Aybat, Yabgu (390–434), King(434)
• Bleda, King and ruler of Eastern Huns (Ak Bulgar) (434–445)
• Attila the Hun, Yabgu of Western Huns (Kara Bulgar) (434–445)
• Ellac aka Ellak, Khagan and ruler of the Sabirs (453–454)
• Dengizich aka Tengiz (Diggiz), ruler of the Akatziroi, (454–468)
• Ernakh aka Bel-Kermek (Hernach), ruler of the Bulgars (455–465), and the Akatziroi (469–503)

Rulers of Patria Onoguria

Main article: Bulgars

According to Zakarius Rhetor and Priscus Rhetor, Patria Onoguria was a vulgar statelet in alliance with Byzantium established in 463 around Azov having been forced west upon the Akatziroi by the Sabirs who in turn were being attacked. Its 7th century period is commonly referred to as Old Great Bulgaria (~600–~690).

• Ernakh (469–503) raids on Byzantium
• Utigur (503–520)
• Grod (520–528) alliance with Byzantium
• Mugel and Chinialus (528–530) breaks alliance with Byzantium
• Sandilch (mid 6thC) in Southeast supported by Byzantium against Khinialon and Sinnion in Southwest, then Zabergan while Sarosios assists arrangement between Pseudo-Avars in North and Justinian I. Then Kagan Bayan controls the rest of Ukraine for most of the 60s until Sarosios assists Gokturks petition of Justin II to support a "true" Avar candidate in Patria Onoguria against the Pseudo-Avars.
• Houdbaad (c. 581–c. 600)
• Organa (617–630)
• Gostun (2 years)
• Kubrat (632–660) extended dominion of Great Bulgarian Onoguria into Pannonia placing Pseudo-Avars under Kuber in Sirmium.
• Batbayan ruled two years before being challenged and sent to Itil by his brother Kotrag who ensured Khazar rule over a loose confederation of tribal city-states from Kiev in the West to Bolghar in the Northeast and the Caspian Gates in the Southeast.

Khazar rulers

Main articles: Khazars and Rus' Khaganate

Khazar Khaganate controlled much of what is today southern and eastern Ukraine until the 10th century.

• Bulan Sabriel (fl. c. 740)
• Obadiah (c. 786–809)
• Hezekiah ben Obadiah
• Manasseh I ben Hezekiah
• Hanukkah ben Obadiah
• Isaac ben Hanukkah
• Zebulun ben Isaac
• Manasseh II ben Zebulun
• Nisi ben Manasseh
• Aaron I ben Nisi (fl. c. 900)
• Menahem ben Aaron (fl. c. 910)
• Benjamin ben Menahem (fl. c. 920)
• Aaron II ben Benjamin (c. 920s–940)
• Joseph ben Aaron (fl. 940–965)

Rulers of Kyiv and Kievan Rus' (c. 375/800 – 1240/1362)

Main articles: Grand Prince of Kiev and Kievan Rus'

Legendary and historical rulers of Kyiv

Portrait	Name	Born-Died	Ruled From	Ruled Until
	Bozh (Bož, Boz, Booz, Box), a king of Antes, the east Slavic people	4th century	?	376
	Alyp-bi (Baltazár), the son of Balambér aka Bülümer, a khan of the Western Huns who was buried on Kuyantau mountain (current Kyiv)	4th century	378	390
	Kyi, a legendary founder of Kyiv, a Slavic prince of Kuyavia, most likely eastern Polans	5th–6th centuries	482	?
	Oleg (Helge or Helgi), probably of Danish or Swedish origin, an apocryphal Kyiv voivode, under the overlordship of the Khazar Khaganate	8th century	?	?
	Bravlin, probably of Swedish origin, a Varangian voivode in the Rus' Khaganate	8th–9th centuries	c. 790	c. 810
	Askold and Dir (Høskuldr and Dýri), probably of Swedish origin, Varangian konungs, not Rurikids, were rulers (khagans) of Kyiv, not Kievan Rus'	? - 882	c. 842	882

Rurik Dynasty

The Rurikids were descendants of Rurik (Hrørekr), a Varangian pagan konung or chieftain, who supposedly was of haplogroup N1c1, which is common among Finno-Ugric peoples and not so rare in Baltic region.

All the rulers of Kievan Rus' before the conversion of Vladimir I and all the country to Christianity are Pagan rulers, except Olga of Kiev.

Portrait	Name	Born-Died	Ruled From	Ruled Until
	Oleg the Seer (Old Norse language: Helgi), Varangian kniaz of Holmgård (Novgorod) and Kønugård (Kiev)	?–912	882	912
	Igor I (Old Norse: Ingvar), the son of Rurik (Hrørekr)	?–945	912	945
	St.Olga (Old Norse: Helga) (regent), was baptized by Emperor Constantine VII but failed to bring Christianity to Kiev	?–969	945	962
	Sviatoslav I (Old Norse: Sveinald), the first true ruler of Rus' who destroyed the Khazar Khaganate and united all of the Rus' principalities under the Kiev throne	942–972	945	972
	Yaropolk I (Old Norse: Iaropolk), supposedly was baptised into Catholicism, and then was murdered by two Varangians	958 (960?)–980	972	980
	Vladimir I the Great (Old Norse: Valdamarr), son of Sviatoslav I and Malusha, his early rule is characterized by a staunch pagan reaction but in 988 he was baptized into Orthodoxy and successfully converted Kievan Rus' to Christianity	958–1015	980	1015
	Sviatopolk I the Accursed (Old Norse: Sveinpolk), son of Yaropolk I and a Greek nun	980–1019	1015	1019
	Yaroslav I the Wise (Old Norse: Jarizleifr), son of Vladimir the Great and Rogneda of Polotsk, Prince of Rostov, Prince of Novgorod, and Grand Prince of Kiev; during his reign Kievan Rus' reached the pinnacle of its power	978–1054	1019	1054
	Iziaslav I of Kiev, son of Yaroslav and Ingegerd Olofsdotter of Sweden, first time	1024–1078	1054	1068
	Vseslav I of Polotsk, son of Bryachislav of Polotsk and unknown mother, a brief ruler during Iziaslav's official reign	1039–1101	1068	1069
	Iziaslav I of Kiev, second time	1024–1078	1069	1073
	Sviatoslav II of Kiev (Old Norse: Sveinald Jarizleifsson) (on picture, first from right), son of Yaroslav and Ingegerd Olofsdotter of Sweden	1027–1076	1073	1076
	Iziaslav I of Kiev, third time, first King of Rus' (Pope Gregory VII sent him a crown from Rome in 1075)	1024–1078	1076	1078
	Vsevolod I of Kiev (Old Norse: Vissivald Jarizleifsson), son of Yaroslav and Ingegerd Olofsdotter of Sweden	1030–1093	1078	1093
	Sviatopolk II of Kiev, son of Iziaslav I and Gertrude of Poland	1050–1113	1093	1113
	Vladimir II Monomakh (Old Norse: Valdamarr Vissivaldsson), son of Vsevolod I and Anastasia of Byzantium, he is considered to be the last ruler of the united Kievan Rus'	1053–1125	1113	1125
	Mstislav I the Great, known as Harald in the Norse Sagas, son of Vladimir II and Gytha of Wessex, after his reign Kievan Rus' fell into recession starting a rapid decline	1076–1132	1125	1132

Decline of Kievan Rus'

Main article: List of early East Slavic states

After the Council of Liubech in 1097 Kievan Rus' entered a feudal period and was divided into principalities ruled by the Rurikid family princes who were in a constant power struggle with each other. Major principalities were: Galicia-Volhynia, Kiev, Chernigiv, and Pereyaslavl. In the period of 1240–1362, the three latter ones were forced to accept the Golden Horde overlordship.

Grand Prince of Kiev

Portrait	Name	Born-Died	Ruled From	Ruled Until
	Yaropolk II, brother of Mstislav I.	1082–1139	1132	1139
	Viacheslav I, brother of Yaropolk II and Mstislav II. First time.	1083–1154	1139	1139
	Vsevolod II, married Maria, sister of Mstislav I, Yaropolk II and Viacheslav I.	?–1146	1139	1146
	Igor II, brother of Vsevolod II.	?–1147	1146	1146
	Iziaslav II, son of Mstislav I and Christina Ingesdotter of Sweden. First time	1097–1154	1146	1149
	Yuri I Dolgorukiy, first time	1099–1157	1149	1151
	Viacheslav I, Second time, jointly with Iziaslav II	1083–1154	1151	1154
	Iziaslav II, second time, jointly with Viacheslav I.	1097–1154	1151	1154
	Rostislav I, brother of Iziaslav II. First time	1110–1167	1154	1154
	Iziaslav III, grandson of Sviatoslav II. First time.	?–1162	1154	1155
	Yuri I Dolgorukiy, second time.	1099–1157	1155	1157
	Iziaslav III, second time.	?–1162	1157	1158
	Rostislav I, second time. Jointly with Iziaslav III in 1162.	1110–1167	1158	1167
	Iziaslav III, third time, jointly with Rostislav I.	?–1162	1162	1162
	Mstislav II, son of Iziaslav II and Agnes of Germany. First time.	?–1172	1167	1169
	Gleb, son of Yuri Dolgorukiy. First time.	?–1171	1169	1169
	Mstislav II, second time.	?–1172	1170	1170
	Gleb, second time.	?-1171	1170	1171
	Vladimir III, son of Mstislav I the Great and Liubava Dmitrievna.	1132–1173	1171	1171
	Michael I, half-brother of Gleb.	?–1176	1171	1171
	Roman I, son of Rostislav I and Agnes of Swabia. First time.	?–1180	1171	1173
	Vsevolod III the Big Nest, brother of Michael I.	1154–1212	1173	1173
	Rurik Rostislavich, brother of Roman I. First time.	?–1215	1173	1173
	Sviatoslav III, son of Vsevolod II. First time.	?–1194	1174	1174
	Yaroslav II, son of Iziaslav II. First time.	?–1180	1174	1175
	Roman I, second time.	?–1180	1175	1177
	Sviatoslav III, second time.	?–1194	1177	1180
	Yaroslav II, second time.	?–1180	1180	1180
	Rurik Rostislavich, second time.	?–1215	1180	1182
	Sviatoslav III, third time.	?–1194	1182	1194
	Rurik Rostislavich, third time.	?–1215	1194	1202
	Igor III, son of Yaroslav II. First time.	?–?	1202	1202
	Rurik Rostislavich, fourth time, jointly with Roman II and Rostislav II (until 1205).	?–1215	1203	1205
	Roman II the Great, son of Mstislav II. In his first time ruled jointly with Rurik and Rostislav II (until 1205).	1160–1205	1203	1205
	Rostislav II, son of Rurik Rostislavich. Ruled jointly with his father 1204–1206 and with Roman II 1204–1205.	1173–1214	1204	1206
	Rurik Rostislavich, fifth time, jointly with his son Rostislav II.	?–1215	1206	1206
	Vsevolod IV the Red, son of Sviatoslav III. His baptismal name was "Daniil" (Daniel). First time.	?–1212	1206	1207
	Rurik Rostislavich, sixth and last time.	?–1215	1207	1210
	Vsevolod IV the Red, second time.	?–1212	1210	1212
	Igor III, second time.	?–?	1212	1214
	Mstislav III, son of Roman I.	?–1223	1214	1223
	Vladimir IV, brother of Rostislav II.	1187–1239	1223	1235
	Iziaslav IV, a member of Rurik dynasty, descendant of Rurik .	1186–?	1235	1236
	Yaroslav III, son of Vsevolod the Big Nest. First time	1191–1246	1236	1238
	Michael II, son of Vsevolod IV. First time.	1185–1246	1238	1239
	Rostislav III, son of Michael II.	1210–1262	1239	1239
	Daniel, son of Roman II the Great.	1201–1264	1239	1240
	Michael II, second time.	1185–1246	1241	1246
	Yaroslav III, second time	1191–1246	1246	1246
	St. Alexander Nevsky, son of Yaroslav III.	1220–1263	1246	1263
	Yaroslav IV, brother of Alexander.	1230–1271	1263	1271
	Lev, son of Daniel.	1228–1301	1271	1301
	Volodymyr-Ivan Ivanovich	?–?	1301	?
	Stanislav Ivanovich	1228–1301	?	1321

• Since 1321 or 1324: Annexed by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
• Olgimont-Mykhailo (Algimantas Alšėniškis) (1324–1331)
• Fiodor of Kiev (Teodoras Butvydaitis) (1331–1362)

Princes of Pereyaslavl

• Vsevolod I of Kiev, 1054–1076
• Rostislav Vsevolodich, died 1093
• Vladimir II Monomakh, 1076–1078 (first time)
• Rostislav Vsevolodich, 1078–1093
• Vladimir II Monomakh, 1094–1113 (second time)
• Sviatoslav Vladimirovich, died 1114
• Yaropolk II of Kiev, 1114–1132
• Vsevolod Mstislavich, 1132 (first time)
• Iziaslav Mstislavich, 1132 (first time)
• Vyacheslav Vladimirovich, 1132–1134 (first time)
• Vsevolod Mstislavich, 1134 (second time)
• Iziaslav Mstislavich, 1134 (second time)
• Andrey Vladimirovich, 1135–1141
• Vyacheslav Vladimirovich, 1142 (second time)
• Iziaslav II of Kiev, 1143–1145
• Mstislav Izyaslavich, 1146–1149 (first time)
• Rostislav Yurevich, 1149–1151
• Mstislav Izyaslavich, 1151–1155 (second time)
• Gleb of Kiev, 1155–1169
• Vladimir Glebovich, 1169–1187
• Yaroslav Mstislavich, ?–?
• Vsevolod the Big Nest, ?–1206
• Vsevolod Chermnyi Svyatoslavich, 1206
• Rurik Rostislavich, 1206
• Vladimir IV Rurikovich, 1206–1213

Princes of Chernihiv

• Sviatoslav II of Kiev, 1054–1073
• Vsevolod I of Kiev, 1073–1076 (first time)
• Vladimir Monomakh, 1076–1077
• Boris Vyacheslavich, 1077
• Vsevolod Yaroslavich, 1077–1078 (second time)
• Oleg I of Chernigov, 1078
• Vladimir Monomakh (second time), 1078–1094
• Oleg Sviatoslavich, 1094–1097
• David Sviatolavich, 1097–1123
• Yaroslav Sviatoslavich, 1123–1126
• Vsevolod II of Kiev, 1126–1139
• Vladimir Davidovich, 1139–1151
• Iziaslav Davidovich, 1151–1154
• Sviatoslav Olgovich, 1157–1164
• Oleg Sviatoslavich, 1164
• Sviatoslav Vsevolodich, 1164–1177
• Yaroslav II Vsevolodovich (1176–1198)
• Igor Svyatoslavich the Brave (1198–1201/1202)
• Oleg III Svyatoslavich (1201/1202-1204)
• Vsevolod III Svyatoslavich (1204–1206/1208)
• Gleb I Svyatoslavich (1206/1208-1215/1220)
• Mstislav II Svyatoslavich (1215/1220-1223)
• Mikhail I Vsevolodovich (1223–1235) (first time)
• Mstislav III Glebovich (1235–1239/1241)
• Rostislav I Mikhailovich (1241–1242)
• Mikhail I Vsevolodovich (1242–1246) (second time)
• Roman I Mikhailovich the Old (1246/1247–after 1288)
• Oleg Romanovich, 13th century
• Mikhail, late 13th–early 14th century
• Mikhail Aleksandrovich, 14th century
• Roman Mikhailovich (the younger), died 1370
• Kaributas Algirdaitis (Dymitr Korybut, or Koribut), c. 1372–1393
• Roman Mikhailovich (the younger), restored, 1393–1401
• Švitrigaila, 1419–1430

Kings and Princes of Galicia-Volhynia (1199–1349)

Main article: List of rulers of Galicia and Volhynia

Galicia-Volhynia was a Ruthenian (Ukrainian) state in Galicia and Volhynia. Depending on the title of the ruler it was called either principality or kingdom. The first king, Coloman of Galicia-Lodomeria, was crowned in 1215, although the first nominal king of Galicia was Andrew II of Hungary, the son of Béla III of Hungary, who reigned from 1188 to 1190.

Portrait	Name	Born-Died	Ruled From	Ruled Until
	Roman II the Great, Prince of Novgorod (1168–1170), Prince of Volhynia (1170–1188, 1189–1205), Prince of Halych (1188, 1199–1205), and Grand Prince of Kiev (1204–1205)	fl.1160–1205	1199	1205
	Coloman of Galicia-Lodomeria, Hungarian prince Kálmán, Prince of Halych (1214–15), became the first anointed and crowned and King of Galicia-Volhynia (rex Galiciae et Lodomeriae) in 1215	1208–1241	1214	1219
	Daniel I of Galicia, held many titles since early childhood culminating with the crowning by a papal legate, archbishop Opizo, in Dorohychyn in 1253, King of Rus', Grand Prince of Kiev	1201–1264	1205	1264
	Lev I, King of Rus', Prince of Belz (1245–1264), Prince of Peremyshl and Halych (1264–1269) who moved the capital of Galicia from Kholm to Lviv in 1272, Grand Prince of Kiev (1271–1301)	1228–1301	1293	1301
	Yuri I, King of Rus', Prince of Belz (1264–1301)	fl.1252–1308	1301	1308
	Andrew II and Lev II, Kings of Rus', princes, joint rule, the last members of the Rurikid dynasty to rule Ukraine	?–1323	1308	1323
	Yuri II-Boleslaw, natus dux et dominus Russiae, a member of the Piast dynasty (the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland)	1308–1340	1325	1340
	Liubartas, prince, a member of the Gediminid dynasty, the last Ruthenian-Lithuanian ruler of Galicia-Volhynia, Prince of Volhynia (1323–1384)	c. 1300–1384	1340	1349

In 1349, Liubartas lost all territories, except for eastern Volhynia, to Casimir III of Poland. In 1366, a Polish-Lithuanian treaty was signed: eastern Volhynia with Lutsk retained under Liubartas' rule (the Grand Duchy of Lithuania), while Galicia, western Volhynia, and western Podolia were annexed by the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland.

In the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1362–1569) and Kingdom of Poland (1569–1667/1793)

Princes of Kiev

In early 1320s, a Lithuanian army led by Gediminas defeated a Slavic army led by Stanislav of Kiev at the Battle on the Irpen' River, and conquered the city. The Tatars, who also claimed Kiev, retaliated in 1324–1325, so while Kiev was ruled by a Lithuanian prince, it had to pay a tribute to the Golden Horde. Finally, as a result of the Battle of Blue Waters in 1362, Kiev and surrounding areas were incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania.

• Algimantas Alšėniškis (Olgimunt Holszański, Olgimont-Mykhailo Olshansky) (1324–1331)
• Fiodor of Kiev aka Teodoras Butvydaitis, brother of Gediminas (1331–1362)
• Vladimiras Algirdaitis (Volodymyr Olgerdovych) (1362–1394)
• Skirgaila (1395–1397)
• Ivan Olshansky (Jonas Alšėniškis) (1397–c. 1402)
• Jurgis Gedgaudas; lt (Jerzy Giedygołd) (1404–1411)
• Andriy Ivanovych Olshansky (c. 1412–c. 1422)
• Mykhailo Ivanovych Olshansky (1422–1432)
• Mykhailo Semenovych Boloban Olshansky (1433–1435)
• Švitrigaila (1435–c. 1440), Grand Duke of the Duchy of Rus (1432–c. 1440)
• Aleksandras Olelka (Olelko Volodymyrovych) (1443–1454)
• Simonas Olelkaitis (Semen Olelkovych) (1454–1471)

Kostiantyn Vasyl Ostrozky

Voivodes of Kiev

Main article: Kiev Voivodeship

When the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was formed by the Union of Lublin in 1569, Kiev and surrounding areas, Podolia, Volhynia, and Podlaskie, as the Kiev Voivodeship, Bratslav Voivodeship, Volhynian Voivodeship, and Podlaskie Voivodeship, were transferred from Lithuania to Poland.

Crimean khans (1441–1783)

Main article: List of Crimean khans

Crimean Tatars were not of the Ukrainian ethnos. Their Crimean Khanate ruled a large part of modern Ukraine, with a capital at Bakhchisaray.

Meñli I Giray (centre) with the eldest son, future khan Mehmed I Giray (left) and Turkish sultan Bayezid II (right)

İslâm III. Giray

Date of Reign	Name	Notes
1441–1466	Hacı I Giray
1466–1467	Nur Devlet	first reign
1467	Meñli I Giray	first reign
1467–1469	Nur Devlet	second reign
1469–1475	Meñli I Giray	second reign
1475	Hayder
1475–1476	Nur Devlet	third reign
1476–1478	dynasty dismissed from power
1478–1515	Meñli I Giray	third reign
1515–1523	Mehmed I Giray
1523–1524	Ğazı I Giray
1524–1532	Saadet I Giray
1532	İslâm I Giray
1532–1551	Sahib I Giray
1551–1577	Devlet I Giray
1577–1584	Mehmed II Giray
1584	Saadet II Giray
1584–1588	İslâm II Giray
1588–1596	Ğazı II Giray	first reign
1596	Fetih I Giray
1596–1607	Ğazı II Giray	second reign
1607–1608	Toqtamış Giray
1608–1610	Selâmet I Giray
1610–1623	Canibek Giray	first reign
1623–1628	Mehmed III Giray	†
1628–1635	Canibek Giray	second reign
1635–1637	İnayet Giray
1637–1641	Bahadır I Giray
1641–1644	Mehmed IV Giray	first reign
1644–1654	İslâm III Giray
1654–1666	Mehmed IV Giray	second reign
1666–1671	Adil Giray
1671–1678	Selim I Giray	first reign
1678–1683	Murad Giray
1683–1684	Hacı II Giray
1684–1691	Selim I Giray	second reign
1691	Saadet III Giray
1691–1692	Safa Giray
1692–1699	Selim I Giray	third reign
1699–1702	Devlet II Giray	first reign
1702–1704	Selim I Giray	fourth reign
1704–1707	Ğazı III Giray
1707–1708	Qaplan I Giray	first reign
1709–1713	Devlet II Giray	second reign
1713–1715	Qaplan I Giray	second reign
1716–1717	Devlet III Giray
1717–1724	Saadet IV Giray
1724–1730	Meñli II Giray	first reign
1730–1736	Qaplan I Giray	third reign
1736–1737	Fetih II Giray
1737–1740	Meñli II Giray	second reign
1740–1743	Selamet II Giray
1743–1748	Selim II Giray
1748–1756	Arslan Giray	first reign
1756–1758	Halim Giray
1758–1764	Qırım Giray	first reign
1765–1767	Selim III Giray	first reign
1767	Arslan Giray	second reign
1767–1768	Maqsud Giray
1768–1769	Qırım Giray	second reign
1769–1770	Devlet IV Giray	first reign
1770	Qaplan II Giray
1770–1771	Selim III Giray	second reign
1771–1775	Sahib II Giray	†
1775–1777	Devlet IV Giray	second reign
1777–1782	Şahin Giray	first reign
1782	Bahadır II Giray
1782–1783	Şahin Giray	second reign
† The reigns of Canibek Giray in 1624 and of Maqsud Giray in 1771–1772 are not listed. Though these khans were formally appointed by Ottoman sultans they did not reach the throne and did not rule Crimea. In the years mentioned, the authority in the Crimean Khanate was exercised by Mehmed III Giray and Sahib II Giray correspondingly.
Note: The nominal khans Şahbaz Giray (1787–1789) and Baht Giray (1789–1792) mentioned in some works are not listed in this table as they did not rule the Crimean Khanate annexed by Russian Empire in 1783.

Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks (1506–1775)

Main article: Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks

A Hetman was a military and civil leader, democratically elected by the Cossacks.

Hetmans and commanders of Ukrainian Cossacks

Several Cossack regiments were operating in Ukraine at this time that were largely independent of each other, so some of the Hetmans' tenures overlap.

1486 - 1492		Yuri Pats	governor of Kyiv; organizer Cossack units.
1488 - 1495		Bogdan Glinski	Cossack leader, destroyer Ochakov.
1492 - 1505		Dmitry Putyatych	Cossack leader.
1510 - 1524		Senka Polozovych	governor of Kyiv; Cossack leader.
1514 - 1535		Ostap Dashkevych	Cossack leader.
1516 - 1528		Przecław Lanckoroński	Cossack leader.
1550 - 1557		Dmytro Vyshnevetsky	founder of the fortress at Minor Khortytsia.
1568		Birulya governmental	Cossack leader.
1568		Carp Oil	Cossack leader.
1568		Andrush	Moldavian boyar Cossack leader.
1568		Lisun	Cossack leader.
1568		Yatsko Belous	Cossack leader.
1568		Andrew Lyakh	Cossack leader.
1577 - 1578		Ioan Potcoavă	Cossack leader.
1578		Lukyan Chornynskyy	Cossack leader, hetman.
1581		Samuel Zborowski	Cossack leader, hetman.
1584		Bogdan Mykoshynskyy	Cossack leader, hetman.
1585		Michael Ruzhinskogo	Cossack leader, hetman.
1585		Kirik Ruzhinskogo	Cossack leader, hetman.
1585		Zachary Kulaga	Cossack leader, hetman.
1586		Lukyan Chornynskyy	Cossack leader, hetman.
1586		Bogdan Makoshynskyy	Cossack leader, hetman.
1588		Potrebatskyy	Cossack leader, hetman.
1589		Zachary Kulaga	Cossack leader, hetman.
1594		Bogdan Mykoshynskyy	Cossack leader, hetman.
1594 - 1596		Hryhoriy Loboda	Cossack leader.
1594 - 1596		Severyn Nalyvaiko	Cossack leader.
1596		Matthew Shaul	Cossack leader, hetman.
1596		Krzysztof Krempskyy	Cossack leader, hetman.
1596		Krzysztof Nechkovskyy	Cossack leader, hetman.
1596 - 1597		Gnat Vasiljevic	Cossack leader, hetman.
1597		Tykhin Baybuza	Cossack leader, hetman.
1598		Florian Giedroyc	Cossack leader.
1598		Mitlovskyy	Cossack leader.
1602 - 1603		John Kutskovych	Cossack leader, hetman.
1603		John Oblique	Cossack leader, hetman.
1606		Gregory Izapovych	Cossack leader, hetman.
1606		Samuel Zborowski	Cossack leader, hetman.
1606		Olevchenko Bogdan	Cossack leader, hetman.
1617		Dmitry Barabash	Cossack leader, hetman.
1618		Michael Skiba	Cossack leader.
1619 - 1621		Yatsko Nerodych	Cossack leader, hetman.
1620		Peter Odynets	Cossack leader.
1624		Hryhoriy Chorny	Cossack leader, hetman.
1625		Theodore Pyrskyy	Cossack leader, hetman.
1628		Hryhoriy Chorny	Cossack leader, hetman.
1629 - 1630		Hryhoriy Chorny	Cossack leader, hetman.
1630		Taras Fedorovych	Cossack leader, hetman.
1632		Simon Tying	Cossack leader, hetman.
1632		Andrey Didenko	Cossack leader, hetman.
1633		Dorofiy Doroshenko	Cossack leader, acting hetman.
1633		kettlebell Kanevets	Cossack leader.
1633 - 1635		Ivan Sulyma	Cossack leader, hetman.
1636 - 1637		Basil Tomylenko	Cossack leader, hetman.
1637		Pavel Mikhnovych	Cossack leader, hetman.
1638		James Ostrainyn	Cossack leader, hetman.
1638		Dmytro Hunia	Cossack leader, hetman.
1639 - 1642		Carp half-housings	Cossack leader, hetman.
1642 - 1646		Maxim Gulak	Cossack leader, hetman.

Hetmans of the Cossack state

Following the Khmelnytsky uprising a new Cossack republic, the Hetmanate, was formed.

#	Hetman			Elected (event)	Took office	Left office
1			Bohdan Khmelnytsky (1596–1657) Зиновій-Богдан Хмельницький	1648 (Sich)	26 January 1648	6 August 1657	died
2			Yurii Khmelnytsky (1641–1685) Юрій Хмельницький	death of his father	6 August 1657	27 August 1657	reconsidered by the Council of Officers
3			Ivan Vyhovsky (????–1664) Іван Виговський	1657 (Korsun)	27 August 1657 (confirmed: 21 October 1657)	11 September 1659	surrendered title
4			Yurii Khmelnytsky (1641–1685) Юрій Хмельницький	1659 (Hermanivka)	11 September 1659 (confirmed: 11 September 1659)	October 1662	surrendered title

Hetmans during the Ruin

The Ruin (1660–1687) was a time in Ukrainian history when the country fell into disarray and chaos. Afterwards, the Cossack state emerged as a vassal of the Russian Empire. During this period a number of hetmans stayed in power for short periods of time and often controlled only parts of the country. Moreover, the Treaty of Andrusovo (1667) split the Cossack Hetmanate along the Dnieper River into Left-bank Ukraine, which enjoyed a degree of autonomy within the Tsardom of Russia; and Right-bank Ukraine which remained part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, at times (1672–1699) occupied by the Ottoman Empire.

Right-bank Ukraine			Left-bank Ukraine
Polish protectorate				Russianй protectorate
1660—1663		Yurii Khmelnytsky	1660—1663		Yakym Somko
1663—1665		Pavlo Teteria	1663—1668		Ivan Briukhovetsky
1665—1668		Petro Doroshenko
Unification
1668—1669		Petro Doroshenko

Partition
Right-bank Ukraine						Left-bank Ukraine
Osman protectorate			Polish protectorate			Russian protectorate			Swedish protectorate
1669—1676		Petro Doroshenko	1669—1674		Mykhailo Khanenko	1669—1672		Demian Mnohohrishny
1678—1681		Yurii Khmelnytsky	1675—1679		Ostap Gogol	1672—1687		Ivan Samoilovych
1681—1684		Gheorghe Duca	1683—1684		Stefan Kunicki
1685		Yurii Khmelnytsky	1684—1689		Andrii Mohyła
						1687—1708		Ivan Mazepa
Unification
						1708—1722		Ivan Skoropadsky	1708—1709		Ivan Mazepa
									1708—1718		Pylyp Orlyk
1718—1742		Pylyp Orlyk				1722—1724		Pavlo Polubotok
						1727—1734		Danylo Apostol
						1750—1764		Kirill Razumovsky

In the Russian Empire (1667/1793–1917) and Austria-Hungary (1526/1772–1918)

After the dissolution of the Cossack Hetmanate, a new Malorossiyan collegium was established in 1764, and the Zaporozhian Host was disbanded in 1775. As a result of the second and third Partitions of Poland in 1793 and 1795, eastern and central parts of Ukraine were incorporated directly into the Russian Empire. Western Ukraine was annexed into the Habsburg Monarchy earlier, in the following order: Carpathian Ruthenia (1526), Galicia (1772), and Bukovina (1775).

The Russian Empire existed until 1917, and the Dual Monarchy, Austria–Hungary, existed until 1918.

Ukrainian People's Republic (1917–1921)

Main article: List of national leaders of Ukraine

The Ukrainian People's Republic (UNR, 1917–1921) was formed after the Russian Revolution of 1917, and lasted until the Peace of Riga between Poland and Soviet Russia in March 1921. The leadership title varied and, despite a rather widespread misconception, none of them had the official title of president.

Chairmen of the Central Council

The Central Council (Tsentral’na rada) was the representative body governing the UNR.

      Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionary Party

№		Portrait	Name	In Office From	In Office Until	Party
1			Mykhailo Hrushevskyi 1866–1934	27 March 1917	29 April 1918	Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionary Party

• Volodymyr Naumenko and Serhiy Yefremov (27–29 April 1917 (acting for Hrushevsky)

Hetman of the Ukrainian State

A very short lived Hetmanate was established by Pavlo Skoropadskyi in 1918.

#	Hetman			Elected (event)	Took office	Left office
1			Pavlo Skoropadskyi 1873–1945	Russian Revolution of 1917	29 April 1918	14 December 1918	Removed from power in an uprising led by the social democrat Symon Petliura

Chairmen of the Directory

The Directorate of Ukraine was a provisional council of the UNR formed after Skoropadskyi's Hetmanate fell apart. On 22 January 1919, the Act of Unification of the Ukrainian People's Republic and the West Ukrainian People's Republic was passed. The text of the universal was made by the members of the Directory.

      Ukrainian Social Democratic Labour Party

№		Portrait	Name	In Office From	In Office Until	Party
1			Volodymyr Vynnychenko 1880–1951	14 December 1918	11 February 1919	Ukrainian Social Democratic Labour Party
2			Symon Petliura 1879–1926	11 February 1919	7 May 1921	Ukrainian Social Democratic Labour Party

West Ukrainian People's Republic (1918–1919)

The government of the West Ukrainian People's Republic (WUNR) was proclaimed on 19 October 1918. WUNR was united with the Ukrainian People's Republic on 22 January 1919, although it was mostly a symbolic act while the western Ukrainians retained their own Ukrainian Galician Army and government structure. After the Polish-Ukrainian War (1918–1919), Poland took over most of territory of the West Ukrainian People's Republic by July 1919. Since November 1919, the government of the WUNR was in exile.

President of the Ukrainian National Republic

      Ukrainian People's Labor Party

№		Portrait	Name	In Office From	In Office Until	Party
1			Yevhen Petrushevych 1863–1940	19 October 1918	15 March 1923	Ukrainian People's Labor Party

Carpatho-Ukraine (1939)

President of the Carpatho-Ukraine

      Christian People's Party

№		Portrait	Name	In Office From	In Office Until	Party
1			Avgustyn Voloshyn 1874–1945	15 March 1939	16 March 1939	Christian People's Party

Ukrainian State (1941)

Prime Minister of the Ukrainian State

      Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists

№		Portrait	Name	In Office From	In Office Until	Party
1			Yaroslav Stetsko 1912–1986	30 June 1941	9 July 1941	Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists

Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1918/1919–1991)

Ukraine was incorporated into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on 30 December 1922.

Secretaries of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine

Mykola Skrypnyk

• Mykola Oleksiiovych Skrypnyk (20 April – 26 May 1918) (Secretary of the Organizational Bureau)
• Yurii Leonidovych Pyatakov (12 July – 9 September 1918)
• Serafima Ilyinichna Hopner (9 September – 23 October 1918)
• Emmanuil Ionovich Kviring (23 October 1918 – 30 May 1919)
• Stanislav Vikentevich Kosior (30 May – 10 December 1919) (1st time)
• Vacant (10 December 1919 – January 1920)
• Rafail Borisovich Farbman ( – 23 January March 1920) (acting)
• Nikolay Ilyich Nikolayev (23–25 March 1920)
• Stanislav Vikentevich Kosior (25 March – 23 November 1920) (2nd time)

First Secretary of the Central Committee

• Vyacheslav Mihailovich Molotov (23 November 1920 – 22 March 1921)

Executive Secretary of the Central Committee

• Feliks Yakovlevich Kon (22 March – 15 December 1921)

First Secretaries of the Communist Party

• Dmitry Zakharovich Manuilsky (15 December 1921 – 10 April 1923)
• Emmanuil Ionovich Kviring (10 December 1923 – 20 March 1925)

General Secretaries of the Central Committee

• Emmanuil Ionovich Kviring (20 March – 7 April 1925)
• Lazar Moiseyevich Kaganovich (7 April 1925 – 14 July 1928)
• Stanislav Vikentevich Kosior (14 July 1928 – 23 January 1934)

First Secretaries of the Central Committee

Nikita Khrushchev

• Stanislav Vikentevich Kosior (23 January 1934 – 27 January 1938)
• Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (27 January 1938 – 3 March 1947) (1st time, acting) (in Russian SFSR exile from 1941 until 1944)
• Lazar Moiseyevich Kaganovich (3 March – 26 December 1947) (2nd time)
• Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (26 December 1947 – 16 December 1949) (2nd time)
• Leonid Georgyevich Melnikov (16 December 1949 – 4 June 1953)
• Aleksey Illarionovich Kirichenko (4 June 1953 – 26 December 1957)
• Nikolay Viktorovich Podgorny (26 December 1957 – 2 July 1963)
• Pyotr Yefimovich Shelest (2 July 1963 – 25 May 1972)
• Vladimir Vasilyevich Shcherbitsky (25 May 1972 – 28 September 1989)
• Vladimir Antonovich Ivashko (28 September 1989 – 22 June 1990)
• Stanislav Ivanovich Gurenko (22 June 1990 – 1 September 1991)

Ukraine (1991 – present)

On 5 July 1991, the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian SSR passed a law establishing the post of the President of the Ukrainian SSR. The title was changed to the President of Ukraine upon the proclamation of independence (24 August 1991). The first election of the President of Ukraine was held on 1 December 1991.

Presidents

      Our Ukraine       Party of Regions       Batkivshchyna       Petro Poroshenko Bloc / UDAR       Independent / Non-partisan

№		Portrait	Presidents	Term of office		Presidential mandate	Affiliation
1			Leonid Kravchuk (b. 1934) Леонід Кравчук	5 December 1991 Inauguration: 22 August 1992	19 July 1994	1991 — 61.59% 19,643,481	Independent / Non-partisan
2			Leonid Kuchma (b. 1938) Леонід Кучма	19 July 1994	14 November 1999	1994 — 52.3% 14,016,850	Independent / Non-partisan
				14 November 1999	23 January 2005	1999 — 57.7% 15,870,722
3			Viktor Yushchenko (b. 1954) Віктор Ющенко	23 January 2005	25 February 2010	2004 — 51.99% 15,115,712	Non-partisan (2004–2005) Our Ukraine (2005–nowadays)
4			Viktor Yanukovych (b. 1950) Віктор Янукович	25 February 2010	22 February 2014	2010 — 48.95% 12,481,266	Non-partisan (Supported by Party of Regions)
—			Oleksandr Turchynov (b. 1964) Олександр Турчинов (acting)	23 February 2014	7 June 2014	ex officio (as Chairman of Parliament, Article 112)	Batkivshchyna
5			Petro Poroshenko (b. 1965) Петро Порошенко	7 June 2014	Incumbent	2014 — 54.70% 9,857,308	Non-partisan (Supported by Petro Poroshenko Bloc & UDAR)

See also

• Scythia
• Kings of Cimmerian Bosporus
• Kingdom of Pontus
• Goths
• Huns, List of Hunnic rulers
• Bulgars
• Khazars, List of Khazar rulers,
• List of Crimean khans
• List of rulers of Galicia and Volhynia
• List of Galician rulers
• List of national leaders of Ukraine
• President of Ukraine
• Prime Minister of Ukraine