List of culinary herbs and spices

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File:Spices 22078028.jpg

A spice market in Istanbul

This is a list of culinary herbs and spices. Specifically these are food or drink additives of mostly botanical origin used in nutritionally insignificant quantities for flavoring or coloring.

This list does not contain salt, which is a mineral, nor is it for fictional plants such as aglaophotis, or recreational drugs such as tobacco.

This list is not for plants used primarily for herbal teas, nor for plant products that are purely medicinal, such as valerian.

A

• Ajwain, carom seeds (Trachyspermum ammi) (South Asia, India, Afghanistan, Iran, Egypt, Eritrea & Ethiopia)
• Akudjura (Solanum centrale) (Australia)
• Alexanders (Smyrnium olusatrum)
• Alkanet (Alkanna tinctoria), for red color
• Alligator pepper, mbongo spice (mbongochobi), hepper pepper (Aframomum danielli, A. citratum, A. exscapum) (West Africa)
• Allspice (Pimenta dioica)
• Angelica (Angelica archangelica)
• Anise (Pimpinella anisum)
• Anise Hyssop (Agastache foeniculum)
• Aniseed myrtle (Syzygium anisatum) (Australia)
• Annatto (Bixa orellana)
• Apple mint (Mentha suaveolens, Mentha × rotundifolia and Mentha × villosa)
• Artemisia (Artemisia spp.)
• Asafoetida (Ferula assafoetida)
• Asarabacca (Asarum europaeum)
• Avens (Geum urbanum)
• Avocado leaf (Persea americana)

B

• Barberry (Berberis vulgaris and other Berberis spp.)
• Basil, sweet (Ocimum basilicum)
• Basil, Holy (Ocimum tenuiflorum)
• Basil, lemon (Ocimum × citriodorum)
• Basil, Thai (O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora)
• Bay leaf (Laurus nobilis)
• Bay leaf, Indian, tejpat, malabathrum
• Bee balm (Monarda didyma)
• Boldo (Peumus boldus)
• Borage (Borago officinalis)
• Blue fenugreek, blue melilot (Trigonella caerulea)

C

• Caper (Capparis spinosa)
• Caraway (Carum carvi)
• Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum)
• Cardamom, black (Amomum subulatum, Amomum costatum)
• Cassia (Cinnamomum aromaticum)
• Catnip (Nepeta cataria)
• Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum)
• Celery leaf (Apiumi graveolens)
• Celery seed (Apiumi graveolens)
• Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium)
• Chicory (Cichorium intybus)
• Chili pepper (Capsicum spp.)
• Chives (Allium schoenoprasum)
• Cicely, sweet cicely (Myrrhis odorata)
• Cilantro, coriander greens, coriander herb (Coriandrum sativum)
• Cinnamon, Indonesian (Cinnamomum burmannii, Cassia vera)
• Cinnamon, Saigon or Vietnamese (Cinnamomum loureiroi)
• Cinnamon, true or Ceylon (Cinnamomum verum, C. zeylanicum)
• Cinnamon, white (Canella winterana)
• Cinnamon myrtle (Backhousia myrtifolia) (Australia)
• Clary, Clary sage (Salvia sclarea)
• Clove (Syzygium aromaticum)
• Coriander seed (Coriandrum sativum)
• Coriander, Vietnamese (Persicaria odorata)
• Costmary (Tanacetum balsamita)
• Cubeb pepper (Piper cubeba)
• Cudweed (Gnaphalium spp.) (Vietnam)
• Culantro, culangot, long coriander (Eryngium foetidum)
• Cumin (Cuminum cyminum)
• Curry leaf (Murraya koenigii)
• Curry plant (Helichrysum italicum)

D

• Dill herb or weed (Anethum graveolens)
• Dill seed (Anethum graveolens)

E

• Elderflower (Sambucus spp.)
• Epazote (Dysphania ambrosioides)

F

• Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)
• Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum)
• Filé powder, gumbo filé (Sassafras albidum)
• Fingerroot, krachai, temu kuntji (Boesenbergia rotunda)

G

• Galangal, greater (Alpinia galanga)
• Galangal, lesser (Alpinia officinarum)
• Galingale (Cyperus spp.)
• Garlic chives (Allium tuberosum)
• Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
• Ginger, torch, bunga siantan (Etlingera elatior) (Indonesia)
• Golpar, Persian hogweed (Heracleum persicum) (Iran)
• Grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta)
• Grains of Selim, Kani pepper (Xylopia aethiopica)

H

• Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana)
• Houttuynia cordata (Vietnam)
• Huacatay, Mexican marigold, mint marigold (Tagetes minuta)
• Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis)

I

• Indonesian bay leaf, daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum)

J

• Jasmine flowers (Jasminum spp.)
• Jiaogulan (Gynostemma pentaphyllum)
• Jimbu (Allium hypsistum) (Nepal)
• Juniper berry (Juniperus communis)

K

• Kaffir lime leaves, Makrud lime leaves (Citrus hystrix) (Southeast Asia)
• Kala zeera (or kala jira), black cumin (Bunium persicum) (South Asia)
• Kawakawa seeds (Macropiper excelsum) (New Zealand)
• Keluak, kluwak, kepayang (Pangium edule)
• Kencur, galangal, kentjur (Kaempferia galanga)
• Kinh gioi, Vietnamese balm (Elsholtzia ciliata)
• Kokam seed (Garcinia indica) (Indian confectionery)
• Korarima, Ethiopian cardamom, false cardamom (Aframomum corrorima) (Eritrea)
• Koseret leaves (Lippia adoensis) (Ethiopia)

L

• Lavender (Lavandula spp.)
• Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis)
• Lemon ironbark (Eucalyptus staigeriana) (Australia)
• Lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora) (Australia)
• Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora)
• Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus, C. flexuosus, and other Cymbopogon spp.)
• Leptotes bicolor (Paraguay and southern Brazil)
• Lesser calamint (Calamintha nepeta), nipitella, nepitella (Italy)
• Licorice, liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
• Lime flower, linden flower (Tilia spp.)
• Lovage (Levisticum officinale)

M

• Mace (Myristica fragrans)
• Mahleb, St. Lucie cherry (Prunus mahaleb)
• Marjoram (Origanum majorana)
• Mastic (Pistacia lentiscus)
• Mint (Mentha spp.), 25 species, hundreds of varieties
• Mountain horopito (Pseudowintera colorata), 'pepper-plant' (New Zealand)
• Musk mallow, abelmosk (Abelmoschus moschatus)
• Mustard, black, mustard plant, mustard seed (Brassica nigra)
• Mustard, brown, mustard plant, mustard seed (Brassica juncea)
• Mustard, white, mustard plant, mustard seed (Sinapis alba)
• Mustard, yellow (Brassica hirta = Sinapis alba)

N

• Nigella, kalonji, black caraway, black onion seed (Nigella sativa)
• Njangsa, djansang (Ricinodendron heudelotii) (West Africa)
• Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans)

O

• Olida (Eucalyptus olida) (Australia)
• Oregano (Origanum vulgare, O. heracleoticum, and other species)
• Oregano, Cuban (Plectranthus amboinicus)
• Orris root (Iris germanica, I. florentina, I. pallida)

P

• Pandan flower, kewra (Pandanus odoratissimus)
• Pandan leaf, screwpine (Pandanus amaryllifolius)
• Paprika (Capsicum annuum)
• Paracress (Spilanthes acmella, Soleracea) (Brazil)
• Parsley (Petroselinum crispum)
• Pepper, black, white, and green (Piper nigrum)
• Pepper, Brazilian, or pink pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius)
• Pepper, Dorrigo (Tasmannia stipitata) (Australia)
• Pepper, long (Piper longum)
• Pepper, mountain, Cornish pepper leaf (Tasmannia lanceolata)
• Peppermint (Mentha piperata)
• Peppermint gum leaf (Eucalyptus dives)
• Perilla, shiso (Perilla spp.)
• Peruvian pepper (Schinus molle)

Q

• Quassia (Quassia amara), bitter spice in aperitifs and some beers and fortified wines

R

• Rice paddy herb (Limnophila aromatica) (Vietnam)
• Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)
• Rue (Ruta graveolens)

S

• Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), for yellow color
• Saffron (Crocus sativus)
  • use of saffron
• Sage (Salvia officinalis)
• Saigon cinnamon (Cinnamomum loureiroi)
• Salad burnet (Sanguisorba minor)
• Salep (Orchis mascula)
• Sassafras (Sassafras albidum)
• Savory, summer (Satureja hortensis)
• Savory, winter (Satureja montana)
• Shiso (Perilla frutescens)
• Silphium, silphion, laser, laserpicium, lasarpicium (Ancient Roman cuisine, Ancient Greek cuisine)
• Sorrel (Rumex acetosa)
• Sorrel, sheep (Rumex acetosella)
• Spearmint (Mentha spicata)
• Spikenard (Nardostachys grandiflora or N. jatamansi)
• Star anise (Illicium verum)
• Sumac (Rhus coriaria)
• Sweet woodruff (Galium odoratum)
• Szechuan pepper, Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum piperitum)

T

• Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus)
• Thyme (Thymus vulgaris)
• Thyme, lemon (Thymus × citriodorus)
• Turmeric (Curcuma longa)

V

• Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia)
• Voatsiperifery (Piper borbonense) [Madagascar]

W

• Wasabi (Wasabia japonica)
• Water-pepper, smartweed (Polygonum hydropiper)
• Watercress (Rorippa nasturtium-aquatica)
• Wattleseed (from about 120 spp. of Australian Acacia)
• Wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum)
• Willow herb (Epilobium parviflorum)
• Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens)
• Wood avens, herb bennet (Geum urbanum)
• Woodruff (Galium odoratum)
• Wormwood, absinthe (Artemisia absinthium)

Y

• Yerba buena, any of four different species, many unrelated
• Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)

Z

• Za'atar (herbs from the genera Origanum, Calamintha, Thymus, and Satureja)
• Zedoary (Curcuma zedoaria)

See also

• Bushfood spices
• Food grading of spices
• Herb
• List of basil cultivars
• List of Capsicum cultivars
• List of dried foods
• List of food origins
• List of smoked spices
• List of spices used in root beer
• List of foods
• Seasoning
• Spice Bazaar, Istanbul
• Spice mix
• List of spice mixes

Culinary herbs and spices by country, region and culture

• Assamese spices
• Aztec spices
• Bulgarian spices
• Chilean herbs and spices
• Hungarian spices
• Indonesian spices
• List of Armenian spices and herbs
• List of Australian herbs and spices
• List of Bangladeshi spices
• List of Gujarati spices
• List of Indian spices
• List of Indonesian spices (bumbu)
• List of Indonesian spices
• List of Italian herbs and spices
• List of Pakistani spices
• List of Puerto Rican spices and seasonings
• List of Thai herbs and spices
• List of Vietnamese spices and herbs (Vietnamese ingredients)
• Lithuanian spices
• Manado spices
• Medieval spices
• Moroccan spices
• Nigerien spices
• Sri Lankan spices
• South Asian spices
• Thai herbs and spices
• Vietnamese herbs and spices