List of marine mammal species
From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
Marine mammals comprise over 130 living and recently extinct species in three taxonomic orders. The Society for Marine Mammalogy, an international scientific society, maintains a list of valid species and subspecies, most recently updated in October 2015.[1] This list follows the Society's taxonomy regarding and subspecies.
Conservation status codes listed follow the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (v. 2014.3; data current at 19 January 2015[2]) and are clickable to link to IUCN Red List species pages.
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EX - extinct
EW - extinct in the wild |
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Order Cetartiodactyla
Footnote on use of Cetartiodactyla[lower-alpha 1]
Cetacea (unranked)
Mysticeti (unranked)
Balaenidae
- North Atlantic right whale, Eubalaena glacialis EN
- North Pacific right whale, Eubalaena japonica EN
- southern right whale, Eubalaena australis LC
- bowhead whale or Greenland whale, Balaena mysticetus LC
Balaenopteridae
- common minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata LC (ssp. acutorostrata - North Atlantic minke whale NE, ssp. scammoni - North Pacific minke whale NE, unnamed ssp. dwarf minke whale NE)
- Antarctic minke whale, Balaenoptera bonaerensis DD
- sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis EN (ssp. borealis - northern sei whale NE, ssp. schlegellii - southern sei whale NE)
- Bryde's whale, Balaenoptera edeni DD (ssp. brydei - Bryde's whale NE, ssp. edeni - Eden's whaleNE )
- Omura's whale, Balaenoptera omurai DD
- blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus EN (ssp. musculus - northern blue whale NE, ssp. brevicauda - pygmy blue whale DD, ssp. intermedia - Antarctic blue whale CR, ssp. indica - Northern Indian Ocean blue whale NE, unnamed subspecies - Chilean blue whale NE)
- fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus EN (ssp. patachonica pygmy fin whale NE, ssp. physalus - northern fin whale NE but Mediterranean Subpopulation VU, ssp. quoyi - southern fin whale NE)
- humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae LC (ssp. novaeangliae North Atlantic humpback whale NE, ssp. kuzira - North Pacific humpback whale NE, ssp. australis - southern humpback whale NE but Oceania subpopulation EN, isolated subpopulation in Arabian Sea EN)
Neobalaenidae
- pygmy right whale, Caperea marginata DD
Eschrichtiidae
- gray whale, Eschrichtius robustus LC
Odontoceti (unranked)
Physeteridae
- sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus VU
Kogiidae
- pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps DD
- dwarf sperm whale, Kogia simus DD
Ziphiidae
- Baird's beaked whale, Berardius bairdii DD
- Arnoux's beaked whale, Berardius arnuxii DD
- northern bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus DD
- southern bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon planifrons LC
- tropical bottlenose whale, Indopacetus pacificus DD
- Sowerby's beaked whale, Mesoplodon bidens DD
- Andrews' beaked whale, Mesoplodon bowdoini DD
- Hubbs' beaked whale, Mesoplodon carlhubbsi DD
- Blainville's beaked whale, Mesoplodon densirostris DD
- Gervais' beaked whale, Mesoplodon europaeus DD
- ginkgo-toothed beaked whale, Mesoplodon ginkgodens DD
- Gray's beaked whale, Mesoplodon grayi DD
- Hector's beaked whale, Mesoplodon hectori DD
- Deraniyagala's beaked whale, Mesoplodon hotaula NE
- strap-toothed whale, Mesoplodon layardii DD
- True's beaked whale, Mesoplodon mirus DD
- Perrin's beaked whale, Mesoplodon perrini DD
- pygmy beaked whale, Mesoplodon peruvianus DD
- Stejneger's beaked whale, Mesoplodon stejnegeri DD
- spade-toothed whale, Mesoplodon traversii DD
- Shepherd's beaked whale, Tasmacetus shepherdi DD
- Cuvier's beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris LC
Platanistidae
- South Asian river dolphin, Platanista gangetica EN (ssp. gangetica - Ganges river dolphin EN, ssp. minor - Indus river dolphin EN)
Iniidae
- Amazon river dolphin, Inia geoffrensis DD (ssp. geoffrensis - common boto NE, ssp. boliviensis - Bolivian bufeo NE)
Lipotidae
Pontoporiidae
- La Plata dolphin (Franciscana), Pontoporia blainvillei VU
Monodontidae
- beluga whale, Delphinapterus leucas NT (Cook Inlet Subpopulation CR)
- narwhal, Monodon monoceros NT
Delphinidae
- Commerson's dolphin, Cephalorhynchus commersonii DD (ssp. commersonii - Commerson's dolphin NE, ssp. kerguelenensis - Kerguelen Islands Commerson’s dolphin NE)
- Chilean dolphin, Cephalorhynchus eutropia NT
- Heaviside's dolphin, Cephalorhynchus heavisidii DD
- Hector's dolphin, Cephalorhynchus hectori (ssp. hectori - South Island Hector’s dolphin EN, ssp. maui - Maui's dolphin or North Island Hector’s dolphin CR)
- long-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus capensis DD (ssp. capensis - long-beaked common dolphin NE, ssp. tropicalis - Indo-Pacific common dolphin NE)
- short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis LC (ssp. delphis - short-beaked common dolphin Mediterranean Subpopulation EN, ssp. ponticus - Black Sea common dolphin VU)
- pygmy killer whale, Feresa attenuata DD
- short-finned pilot whale, Globicephala macrorhynchus DD
- long-finned pilot whale, Globicephala melas DD (ssp. edwardii - southern long-finned pilot whale NE, ssp. melas - North Atlantic long-finned pilot whale NE, unnamed spp. - North Pacific long-finned pilot whale EX)
- Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus LC
- Fraser's dolphin, Lagenodelphis hosei LC
- Atlantic white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus acutus LC
- white-beaked dolphin, Lagenorhynchus albirostris LC
- Peale's dolphin, Lagenorhynchus australis DD
- hourglass dolphin, Lagenorhynchus cruciger LC
- Pacific white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus obliquidens LC
- dusky dolphin, Lagenorhynchus obscurus DD (ssp. fitzroyi - Fitzroy’s dolphin NE, ssp. obscurus - African dusky dolphin NE, ssp. posidonia - Chilean dusky dolphin NE, unnamed spp. - New Zealand dusky dolphin NE)
- northern right whale dolphin, Lissodelphis borealis LC
- southern right whale dolphin, Lissodelphis peronii DD
- Irrawaddy dolphin, Orcaella brevirostris VU
- Australian snubfin dolphin, Orcaella heinsohni NT
- killer whale (orca), Orcinus orca DD (unnamed ssp. - resident killer whale NE, unnamed ssp. transient killer whale NE)
- melon-headed whale, Peponocephala electra LC
- false killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens DD
- Atlantic humpback dolphin, Sousa teuszii VU
- Indo-Pacific humpbacked dolphin, Sousa chinensis NT, (ssp. chinensis - Chinese humpback dolphin NE, ssp. taiwanensis - Taiwanese humpback dolphins NE)
- Indian Ocean humpback dolphin, Sousa plumbea NE
- Australian humpback dolphin, Sousa sahulensis NE
- tucuxi, Sotalia fluvialis DD
- Guiana dolphin (Costero), Sotalia guianensis DD
- pantropical spotted dolphin, Stenella attenuata LC (ssp. attenuata - Offshore pantropical spotted dolphin NE, ssp. graffmani - Coastal pantropical spotted dolphin NE)
- Clymene dolphin, Stenella clymene DD
- striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba LC
- Atlantic spotted dolphin, Stenella frontalis DD
- spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris DD (ssp. centroamericana - Central American spinner dolphin NE, ssp. longirostris - Gray’s spinner dolphin NE, ssp. orientalis - eastern spinner dolphin VU, ssp. roseiventris - dwarf spinner dolphin NE)
- rough-toothed dolphin, Steno bredanensis LC
- Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops aduncus DD
- common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus LC (ssp. truncatus - common bottlenose dolphin Fiordland subpopulation CR and Mediterranean subpopulation VU, ssp. poncticus - Black Sea bottlenose dolphin CR)
- Burrunan dolphin, Tursiops australis NE
Phocoenidae
- Indo-pacific finless porpoise, Neophocaena phocaenoides VU
- narrow-ridged finless porpoise, Neophocaena asiaeorientalis VU, (spp. asiaeorientalis - Yangtze finless porpoise CR, ssp. sumameri - East Asian finless porpoise (Sunameri) NE)
- spectacled porpoise, Phocoena dioptrica DD
- harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena LC (Baltic Sea supopoulation CR) (ssp. phocoena - Atlantic harbour porpoise NE, ssp. vomerina - Eastern Pacific harbour porpoise NE, ssp. relicta - Black Sea harbour porpoise EN, unnamed ssp. Western Pacific harbour porpoise NE)
- vaquita, Phocoena sinus CR
- Burmeister's porpoise, Phocoena spinipinnis DD
- Dall’s porpoise, Phocoenoides dalli LC (ssp. dalli - Dalli-type Dall’s porpoise NE, ssp. truei - Truei-type Dall’s porpoiseNE)
Order Sirenia
Trichechidae
- Amazonian manatee, Trichechus inunguis VU
- West Indian manatee, Trichechus manatus VU (ssp. latirostris - Florida manatee EN, ssp. manatus - Antillean manatee EN)
- African manatee, Trichechus senegalensis VU
Dugongidae
- dugong, Dugong dugon VU
- Steller's sea cow, Hydrodamalis gigas EX
Order Carnivora
Pinnipedia
Otariidae
- South American fur seal, Arctocephalus australis LC (ssp. australis - South American fur seal NE, unnamed ssp. - Peruvian fur seal NE)
- New Zealand fur seal, Arctocephalus forsteri LC
- Galápagos fur seal, Arctocephalus galapagoensis EN
- Antarctic fur seal, Arctocephalus gazella LC
- Juan Fernández fur seal, Arctocephalus philippii LC
- brown fur seal, Arctocephalus pusillus LC (ssp. pusillus - Cape fur seal NE, ssp. doriferus - Australian fur seal NE)
- Guadalupe fur seal, Arctocephalus townsendi LC
- Subantarctic fur seal, Arctocephalus tropicalis LC
- northern fur seal, Callorhinus ursinus VU
- Steller sea lion, Eumetopias jubatus NT (ssp. jubatus - western Steller sea lion EN, ssp. monteriensis - Loughlin’s Steller sea lion LC)
- Australian sea lion, Neophoca cinerea EN
- South American sea lion, Otaria byronia LC
- New Zealand sea lion, Phocarctos hookeri EN
- California sea lion, Zalophus californianus LC
- Japanese sea lion, Zalophus japonicus EX
- Galápagos sea lion, Zalophus wollebaeki EN
Odobenidae
- walrus, Odobenus rosmarus DD (ssp. divergens - Pacific walrus NE, ssp. rosmarus - Atlantic walrus NE)
Phocidae
- hooded seal, Cysophora cristata VU
- bearded seal, Erignathus barbatus LC (ssp. barbatus - Atlantic bearded seal NE, ssp. nauticus - Pacific bearded seal NE)
- grey seal, Halichoerus grypus LC (ssp. grypus - Western Atlantic grey seal NE, ssp. macrorhynchus - Eastern Atlantic grey seal NE)
- ribbon seal, Histriophoca fasciata DD
- leopard seal, Hydrurga leptonyx LC
- Weddell seal, Leptonychotes weddellii LC
- crabeater seal, Lobodon carcinophaga LC
- southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina LC
- northern elephant seal, Mirounga angustirostris LC
- Mediterranean monk seal, Monachus monachus CR
- Caribbean monk seal, Neomonachus tropicalis EX
- Hawaiian monk seal, Neomonachus schauinslandi CR
- Ross seal, Ommatophoca rossii LC
- harp seal, Pagophilus groenlandicus LC
- harbor seal, Phoca vitulina LC (ssp. vitulina - Atlantic harbor seal NE, ssp. mellonae - Ungava harbor seal NE, ssp. richardii - Pacific harbour seal NE)
- spotted seal, Phoca largha DD
- ringed seal, Pusa hispida LC (ssp. hispida - Arctic ringed seal NE, ssp. botnica - Baltic ringed seal NE , ssp. ochotensis - Okhotsk ringed seal NE, ssp. ladogensis - Lake Logoda ringed seal NE, ssp. saimensis - Saima seal )
- Caspian seal, Pusa caspica EN
- Baikal seal, Pusa sibirica LC
Ursidae
- polar bear, Ursus maritimus VU
Mustelidae
- sea otter, Enhydra lutris EN (ssp. kenyoni - eastern sea oter NE, ssp. lutris - western sea otter NE, ssp. nereis - southern sea otter NE)
- marine otter, Lontra felina EN
- sea mink, Neovison macrodon EX
See also
Footnotes
- ↑ The use of Order Cetartiodactyla, instead of Cetacea with Suborders Odontoceti and Mysticeti, is favored by most evolutionary mammalogists working with molecular data [3][4][5][6] and is supported the IUCN Cetacean Specialist Group[7] and by Taxonomy Committee [8] of the Society for Marine Mammalogy, the largest international association of marine mammal scientists in the world. See Cetartiodactyla and Marine mammal articles for further discussion.
References
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- ↑ Cetacean Species and Taxonomy. iucn-csg.org
- ↑ "The Society for Marine Mammalogy's Taxonomy Committee List of Species and subspecies".
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