List of nearest terrestrial exoplanet candidates

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Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. This list of nearest terrestrial exoplanets candidates contains possible terrestrial ("rocky") exoplanets at a distance of up to 50 light-years from the Solar System, ordered by increasing distance.[1][2][3]

They may be composed primarily of silicate rocks and/or metals. Within the Solar System, the terrestrial planets are the inner planets closest to the Sun.

Incompleteness of the list

This list is incomplete, currently containing 31 exoplanets, 11 of which probably lie inside their star's habitable zone.

There are roughly 2000 stars at a distance of up to 50 light-years from the Solar System[4] (64 of them are yellow-orange "G" stars like our Sun[5]). As many as 15% of them can have Earth-sized planets in the habitable zones.[6]

On November 4, 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of sun-like stars and red dwarf stars within the Milky Way Galaxy.[7][8] 11 billion of these estimated planets may be orbiting sun-like stars.[9] The nearest such planet may be 12 light-years away, according to the scientists.[7][8]

Table

Name Image
(art. concept)		 M⊕ R⊕ g Ts a e [s] D
Wolf 1061b ≥1.36 ≥1.44 13.8
Wolf 1061c ≥4.3 ≥1.64 [10] 13.8
Wolf 1061d ≥5.21 ≥2.04 13.8
Gliese 876 d[11]
Artist’s view of an exoplanet inspired by the discovery of Gliese 876 d.jpg
 6.8 157
–
377 °C[12]		 0.021 0.21 [13] 15
Gliese 682 b ≥2 [6]
[14]
[10]		 16
Gliese 832 c ≥5.4 295 0.162 0.03 [15][16] 16.16
82 G. Eridani b ≥2.7 0.1207 0 [2] 19.71
82 G. Eridani c ≥2.4 0.2036 0 [2] 19.71
82 G. Eridani d ≥4.8 388 K[1] 0.3499 0 [2] 19.71
Gliese 581 e
150px
 ≥1.7 0.029 0 [17] 20
Gliese 581 c [18]
150px
 ≥5.6 0.072 0 [19] 20
Gliese 581 d [20]
150px
 ≥5.6 2.34[21] 1.27[21] 233 K[21] 0.218 0 [22] 20
HD 219134 b
150px
 4.5 1.6 700 K [23] 21
Gliese 667C b
Gliese 667.jpg
 6.30 1.44 445 K 0.05 0.09 [21] 22
Gliese 667C c[24][25]
Gliese 667 Cc sunset.jpg
 3.8 1.32 302 K 0.13 0.34 [21] 22
61 Virginis b[26]
150px
 ≥5.1 0.050 0.12 [27] 28
HD 85512 b[28]
150px
 ≥3.6 1.74[21] 1.33[21] 351 K[21] 0.26 0.11 [29] 36
GJ 180 b ≥2.3 312 K [6][15] 38
55 Cancri e (Janssen)
150px
 8.6 0.016 0.17 [30] 40
HD 40307 b[31] ≥4.2 0.047 0.2 [32] 42
HD 40307 c[31] ≥6.8 0.081 0.06 [32] 42
HD 40307 d [33]
150px
 ≥9.2 0.134 0.07 [34] 42
HD 40307 e ≥3.5 0.1886 0.15 [3] 42
HD 40307 f ≥5.2 385°K 0.247 0.02 [3] 42
HD 40307 g ≥7.1 284 K[35] 0.600 0.29 [3] 42

Note: There is no scientific consensus about terrestrial composition of most of the planets in the list. Sources in the "Main source" column confirm the possibility of terrestrial composition.

In September 2012, the discovery of two planets orbiting Gliese 163[36] was announced.[37][38] One of the planets, Gliese 163 c, about 6.9 times the mass of Earth and somewhat hotter, was considered to be within the habitable zone, but is probably not terrestrial.[37][38] In May 2016, the finding of three earth-like planets of ultracool dwarf TRAPPIST-1 has been released.

Statistics

Distance from the Solar System
Distance Lying within
the habitable zone		 All
< 10 light-years 0 2
< 20 light-years 6 15
< 30 light-years 8 22
< 40 light-years 10 24
< 50 light-years 11 31

Note: in most cases the composition of the atmosphere and atmosphere pressure of exoplanets are unknown, so surface temperatures are estimates based on computer models and expert opinions.

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 http://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog/data
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Rivera, E. et al. (2005). "A ~7.5 M⊕ Planet Orbiting the Nearby Star, GJ 876". The Astrophysical Journal 634 (1): 625–640
  13. ↑ Eugenio J. Rivera, Gregory Laughlin, R. Paul Butler, Steven S. Vogt, Nader Haghighipour, Stefano Meschiari (2010). \"The Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey: A Uranus-mass Fourth Planet for GJ 876 in an Extrasolar Laplace Configuration\".
  14. ↑ http://www.hpcf.upr.edu/~abel/phl/tuomi/hec_orbit_GJ_682_b.png
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ Vogt, S. S.; et al. (2010). \"The Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey: A 3.1 M_Earth Planet in the Habitable Zone of the Nearby M3V Star Gliese 581
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Vogt, S. S.; et al. (2010). \"The Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey: A 3.1 M_Earth Planet in the Habitable Zone of the Nearby M3V Star Gliese 581\".
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 21.5 21.6 21.7 The Habitable Exoplanets Catalog. The values are just the best estimates and are subject to change.
  22. ↑ Vogt, S. S.; et al. (2010). \"The Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey: A 3.1 M⊕ Planet in the Habitable Zone of the Nearby M3V Star Gliese 581
  23. ↑ http://phys.org/news/2015-07-astronomers-star-super-earths.html
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Vogt, Steven (2009). \"A Super-Earth and two Neptunes Orbiting the Nearby Sun-like star 61 Virginis
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ Kaltenegger, L.; Udry, S.; Pepe, F. (2011). A Habitable Planet around HD 85512?
  30. ↑ Rebekah et al.; Fabrycky (2010-05-21). \"Radial velocity planets de-aliased. A new, short period for Super-Earth 55 Cnc e\". The Astrophysical Journal 722: 937–953
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 M. Mayor, S. Udry, C. Lovis, F. Pepe, D. Queloz, W. Benz, J.-L. Bertaux, F. Bouchy, C. Mordasini, D. Segransan (2009). \"The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XIII. A planetary system with 3 Super-Earths (4.2, 6.9, & 9.2 Earth masses)\". Astronomy and Astrophysics 493 (2): 639–644
  33. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. ↑ M. Mayor, S. Udry, C. Lovis, F. Pepe, D. Queloz, W. Benz, J.-L. Bertaux, F. Bouchy, C. Mordasini, D. Segransan (2009). \"The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XIII. A planetary system with 3 Super-Earths (4.2, 6.9, & 9.2 Earth masses)\". Astronomy and Astrophysics 493 (2): 639–644.
  35. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  36. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Links

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