List of wars by death toll

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. This list of wars by death toll includes death toll estimates of all deaths that are either directly or indirectly caused by war. These numbers usually include both the deaths of military personnel which are the direct results of battle or other military wartime actions, as well as the wartime/war-related deaths of civilians, which are the results of war-induced epidemics, diseases, famines, atrocities, genocide, etc.

List of wars by death toll with over 1,000,000 deaths

War	Death Range	Geometric Mean	Date	Location	Notes
World War II	40,000,000–85,000,000	58,309,519	1939–1945	Worldwide	see World War II casualties
Mongol conquests	40,000,000–70,000,000	52,915,026	1206–1324	Eurasia	^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] – excludes the (up to) 200,000,000 deaths from the Black Death migration associated with the Mongol expansion
Taiping Rebellion	20,000,000–100,000,000	44,721,360	1850–1864	China	^[5]^[6] ^[7]
Three Kingdoms War	36,000,000–40,000,000	37,947,332	184–280	China	^[8]^[9]^[10]
Conquest of the Americas	8,400,000–137,750,000	34,016,173	1492–1691	Americas	^[11]^[12]^[13] See Population history of indigenous peoples of the Americas. These death toll estimates vary due to lack of consensus as to the demographic size of the native population pre-Columbus, which some say might never be accurately determined.^[14]^[15]^[15]^[16]^[17]
Qing dynasty conquest of Ming Dynasty	25,000,000	25,000,000	1616–1662	China	^[18]
Second Sino-Japanese War	20,000,000-25,000,000	22,500,000	1937–1945	China	^[19] – Part of World War II
Spanish conquest of Mexico	24,300,000	24,300,000	1519–1632	Mexico	^[20] – Part of Conquest of the Americas
An Lushan Rebellion	13,000,000–36,000,000	21,633,308	755–763	China and presently Northern Vietnam	^[21]
World War I/Great War	20,000,000	20,000,000	1914–1918	Worldwide	see World War I casualties
Dungan Revolt	8,000,000–12,000,000	10,000,000	1862–1877	China
Conquests of Tamerlane	8,000,000–20,000,000	12,649,111	1370–1405	Eurasia	^[22]^[23]
Spanish conquest of Peru	8,400,000	8,400,000	1533–1620	Peru	^[20] – Part of Conquest of the Americas
Chinese Civil War	8,000,000	8,000,000	1927–1949	China	^[24]
Reconquista	7,000,000	7,000,000	711–1492	Iberian Peninsula
Russian Civil War and Foreign Intervention	5,000,000–9,000,000	6,708,204	1917–1922	Russia	^[25]
Thirty Years' War	3,000,000–11,500,000	5,873,670	1618–1648	Europe	^[26]
Indian Rebellion of 1857	800,000–10,000,000	5,400,000	1857-1858	India	^[27]
Auranzeb's campaign for Deccan	4,600,000	4,600,000	1658-1707	India	^[28]
Napoleonic Wars	3,500,000–6,000,000	4,582,576	1803–1815	Worldwide	see Napoleonic Wars casualties
Second Congo War/Great War of Africa	2,500,000–5,400,000	3,674,235	1998–2003	Central Africa	^[29]^[30]^[31]^[32]
French Wars of Religion	2,000,000–4,000,000	2,828,427	1562–1598	France	^[33] – also known as Huguenot Wars
Time of troubles	2,000,000	2,000,000	1816–1828	Southern Africa	^[34]
Vietnam War/Second Indochina War	800,000–3,800,000	1,743,560	1955–1975	Vietnam	^[35]^[36]^[37]
Biafra War	1,000,000-3,000,000	1,732,051	1967–1970	Nigeria
Spanish conquest of Yucatán	1,460,000	1,460,000	1519–1595	North America	^[20] – Part of Conquest of the Americas
Mexican Revolution	1,000,000–2,000,000	1,414,214	1910–1920	Mexico	^[38]
War in Afghanistan	1,240,000–2,000,000		1978-present	Afghanistan	^[39]
War on Terror	272,000–2,000,000	1,136,000	2001–present	Greater Middle East	^[40]^[41]^[42]^[43]
Soviet war in Afghanistan	957,865–1,622,865	1,246,790	1979–1989	Afghanistan	^[44]^[45]^[46] – Part of War in Afghanistan
Korean War	1,200,000	1,200,000	1950–1953	Korea	^[47]
Seven Years' War	868,000–1,400,000	1,102,361	1756–1763	Worldwide	^[48]^[49]
Iran–Iraq War/First Persian Gulf War	1,000,000	1,000,000	1980–1988	Middle East	^[50]
Japanese invasions of Korea	1,000,000	1,000,000	1592–1598	Korea	^[51]
French Revolutionary Wars	1,000,000	1,000,000	1792–1802	Worldwide

List of wars by death toll with fewer than 1,000,000 deaths

Note that the below list is incomplete.

880,000–1,000,000+ – American Civil War (1861–1865)^[52]^[53]^[54]
900,000 – War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714)
876,000 – English Civil War (1642–1651)^[55]^[56]^[57]
873,000 – Conquests of Mehmed II 'the Conqueror' (1451–1481), may be over- or underestimated^[58]
770,000 – Second Punic War (218–201 BC)^[59]
600,000–700,000 – Eighty Years' War (1568–1648)^[20]
600,000 – Spanish American Wars of Independence (1810–1826)^[60]
504,158+ - Angolan Civil War (1975-2002)
500,000–1,500,000 – Ethiopian Civil War (1974–1991)^[61]
500,000 – Spanish Civil War (1936–1939)^[62]
400,000–1,000,000 – Gallic Wars (58–50 BC)
470,000 – Syrian Civil War (2011–present), see Casualties of the Syrian civil war
440,000 – Paraguayan War (1864-1870)
420,000 – Cuban Wars of Independence (1868–1898)^[60]
400,000+ – First Indochina War (1946–1954)
400,000 – Civil war in Afghanistan (1989–92), Civil war in Afghanistan (1992–96) and Civil war in Afghanistan (1996–2001) (1989–2001)^[63]
400,000+ – War of the Triple Alliance (1864–1870)^[64]
387,333+ – Continuation War (1941-1944) Part of the World War II^{[citation needed]}
350,000–1,500,000 – Algerian War of Independence (1954–1962)^[65]
356,000–410,000 – Crimean War (1853–1856)
350,000 – Kalinga War (262–261 BC)
350,000 – Third Northern War (1700–1721)^[66]
356,000–735,000 – Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1639–1651)^[67]
345,000–375,000 – Haitian Revolution (1791-1803)
300,000–3,000,000^[68] – Bangladesh Liberation War (1971)
300,000–400,000 – Italian Wars (1494–1559)^[20]
300,000 – Second Burundian Civil War (1993–2005)^[69]
300,000 (TFG)–500,000+ (AFP) – Somali Civil War (1986–present)^[70]^[71]^[72]
272,000–2,000,000 – War on Terror (2001–present)^[40]^[41]^[42]^[43]
234,000 – Philippine–American War (1899–1912)^[73]
228,000 – Venezuelan War of Independence (1810–1823)
220,000 – Colombian conflict (1964–present)^[74]
200,000–1,000,000 – Albigensian Crusade (1208–1229)^[75]^[76]
200,000 – Algerian Civil War (1991–2002)^[77]^[78]
200,000 – Carlist Wars (1820–1876)^[60]
192,700-194,700 - La Violencia^{[citation needed]}
185,250–3,000,000 – Hundred Years' War (1337–1453)^[79]
178,258–461,520 – War in Darfur (2003–present)^[80]
176,913–1,120,000 – Iraq War/Third Persian Gulf War (2003–2011), see Casualties of the Iraq War, part of the War on Terror^[42]^[43]^[81]
158,000 - Greek Civil War ^[82]^[83]^[84]^[85]
153,736-194,837 - Winter War (1939-1940) Part of the World War II^{[citation needed]}
150,000-400,000 - West Papua conflict
138,800–320,100 – Iraqi–Kurdish conflict (1918–2003)^[86]^[87]
130,000–250,000 – Internal conflict in Myanmar (1948–present)^[88]
120,000 – Thousand Days' War (1899–1902) ^[89]
120,000–384,000 – Great Turkish War (1683–1699) (see Ottoman-Habsburg wars)^{[citation needed]}
120,000–150,000 – Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990)^{[citation needed]}
120,000 – Islamic insurgency in the Philippines (1969–present)^[90]
116,074 – Arab–Israeli conflict (1920–present)^[91]
106,800+ – Mexican Drug War (2006–present)^[92]^[93]
100,000–500,000 LRA insurgency (1987-present) ^[94]
100,000–200,000 – North Yemen Civil War (1962–1970)^[95]
100,000–500,000 – Ugandan Bush War (1981–1986)^[96]^[97]
100,000+ - Lord's Resistance Army insurgency (1987–present)^[98]
100,000 – Insurgency in Laos (1975–2007)^[99]
100,000 – German Peasants' War (1524–1525)^[100]
100,000 - Congo Crisis (1960-1965) ^[101]
97,000–107,000 – Aceh War (1873–1914)^[102]
97,214–104,732 – Bosnian War (1991–1995)^{[citation needed]}
93,050 - Arab–Israeli conflict (1948-present)^{[citation needed]}
90,969 – Mahdist War (1881–1889)^{[citation needed]}
90,000+ – Third conflict in the Goryeo–Khitan War (1018–1019)^[103]
90,000 – Rif War (1916–1927)
85,000–235,000 – 1991 uprisings in Iraq (1991)^[104]^[105]^[106]
~85,000 - Burmese–Siamese War (1785–86) (1785-1786)
82,991-102,991 - Angolan War of Independence (1961-1974)
80,000–110,000, - Kashmir Conflict (1947 to present)
80,000–100,000 – Sri Lankan Civil War (1983–2009)^[107]
75,000 Iraq War (2014-present)
70,000 – Internal conflict in Peru (1980-present)^[108]
70,000+ - Sino-Burmese War (1765–69) (1765-1769)
63,500–88,500 – Mozambican War of Independence (1964–1974)^[109]
60,000 – Ituri conflict (1999–2007)^[110]
50,000-300,000 - Sierra Leone Civil War (1991-2002)
47,246–61,603 – War in Afghanistan (2001–present) (2001–present), part of the War on Terror^[81]
45,852–78,946 – War in North-West Pakistan (2004–present), part of the War on Terror^[81]
45,000+ – Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)^[111]
44,000-150,000 Algerian Civil War (1991-2002)
38,000 – Nagorno-Karabakh War (1988–1994)
35,000–50,000 – Wars of the Roses (1455–1487)^[112]^[113]
34,000 – Iranian-Kurdish conflict (1918–present)^[114]
34,000 – Ethnic conflict in Nagaland (1954–present)^[115]
33,420–95,768 – Soviet–Japanese War (1945) (1945) Part of the World War II^{[citation needed]}
30,000-185,000 - 1991 uprisings in Iraq (1991)
30,000–43,000 – CPP-NPA-NDF rebellion (1969–present)^[116]
27,080+ - Greco-Italian War (1940-1941) Part of the World War II^{[citation needed]}
25,456-40,456 - Gulf War (1990-1991)
25,000 – Insurgency in Northeast India (1964–present)^[88]
25,000 – Shia insurgency in Yemen (2004–present)^[117]
21,741 – War of 1812 (1812–1815) ^[118]
20,000 – Ragamuffin War (1835–1845)^[119]
19,619+ - Rhodesian Bush War (1964-1979)
18,069–20,069 – First Opium War (1839–1842)^[120]
17,294 – 1940–44 insurgency in Chechnya (1940-1944)^{[citation needed]}
17,200 – First Anglo-Afghan War (1839–1842)^[121]
16,765–17,065 – Balochistan conflict (1948–present)^[122]^[123]^[124]
16,752–21,426 – Croatian War of Independence (1991–1995)^{[citation needed]}
16,000 – War of the Pacific (1879–1883)
16,000 – Nepalese Civil War (1996–2006)
15,200-15,300+ Peasants' War (1798) (1798)
15,000 – Nigerian Sharia conflict (1953–present)^[125]^[126]^[127]
14,460-14,922 South African Border War (1966-1990)
14,077-22,077 Mau Mau Uprising (1952-1960)
13,929 – Republic of the Congo Civil War (1997–1999)^[128]
13,812 – Naxalite-Maoist insurgency (1967–present)^[129]^[130]
13,100–35,000 – Kurdish separatism in Iran (1922-present)
11,500-53,000 - Irish Rebellion of 1798 (1798)
10,523-21,523 - 1948 Palestine war (1947-1949) part of the Arab–Israeli conflict^{[citation needed]}
10,000+ – Malayan Emergency (1948–1960)^[131]
10,000+ – War in Donbass (2014–present)^[132]
10,000+ - Rwandan Civil War (1990-1993)
9,400 – Libyan Civil War (2011)^[133]
8,136+ – Iraqi insurgency (post-U.S. withdrawal) (2011–2014)^[134]
7,400-16,200 - Yemeni Civil War (2015–present) (2015-present)
7,000 - Chadian Civil War (2005–10) (2005-2010)^[135]
5,641 – Sudanese nomadic conflicts (2009–present)^[136]^[137]
6,543 – South Thailand insurgency (2004–present)^[138]
5,000 – Casamance conflict (1982–2014)^[139]
5,000 – Chilean Civil War of 1891 (1891)^[140]
4,715+ Libyan Civil War (2014–present) (2014-prsent)
4,000–10,000 Conflict in the Niger Delta (2004–present)^[141]
3,699 – Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen (1992–present)^[142]
3,529 – The Northern Ireland Troubles (1966–1998)^[143]
3,366 – Insurgency in the North Caucasus (2009-present)^[144]
3,222-3,722 Hungarian Revolution of 1956 (1956)
3,114 - 1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine part of the 1948 Palestine war^{[citation needed]}
3,007 - War of the Golden Stool (1900)^{[citation needed]}
3,000–6,000 – Negro Rebellion (1912)^[145]^[146]
3,000 – Second Ivorian Civil War (2010–2011)^[147]
2,781 – Iranian Revolution (1978–1979)^[148]
2,751 – Third Anglo-Afghan War (1919)^[149]
2,557 – Sudan internal conflict (2011–present)^[150]^[151]^[152]
2,394 – Sinai insurgency (2011–present)^[153]
2,300+ – Conflict in the Niger Delta (2004–present) ^[154]^[155]
2,221-2,406 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict (2014) part of the Gaza–Israel conflict
2,150+ - Persian Expedition of 1796 (1796)
2,096 - Aden Emergency (1963-1967)
2,000 - Costa Rican Civil War (1948)^{[citation needed]}
2,000 – Six-Day War (2000)^[156]
2,000 – 2010 South Kyrgyzstan ethnic clashes^[157]^[158]^[159]
1,810 - Anglo-Iraqi War (1941) Part of the World War II^{[citation needed]}
1,774 - Lapland War (1944-1945) Part of the World War II^{[citation needed]}
1,643–2,237 – War of Transnistria (1992)^[160]^[161]^[162]^[163]
1,554 – South Yemen insurgency (2009–present)^[164]^[165]
1,449 - M23 rebellion (2012-2013) part of the Kivu Conflict
1,300+ – Allied Democratic Forces insurgency (1996–present)^[166]
1,229 – Basque conflict (1959–2011)^[167]
1,227–5,600 – Kargil War (1999)^[168]^[169]^[170]^[171]
1,119 – Political violence in Egypt, 2013 (2013–present)^[172]
1,000–1,500 – Cabinda conflict (1994–present)^[173]
1,000+ - Djiboutian Civil War (1991-1994)
1,000 – 1991–92 South Ossetia War (1991–1992)^[174]
907 – Falklands War (1982)^[175]
846 – 2011 Egyptian revolution (2011)^[176]
820 – Syrian Civil War spillover in Lebanon (2011–Present)^{[citation needed]} part of the Syrian Civil War
808+ - Sino-Russian border conflicts (1652-1689)
803-1303 - Conflict in Najran, Jizan and Asir (2015-present) part of the Yemeni Civil War (2015-present)
740 – Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation (1963–1966)^[177]^[178]
730 - Burundian unrest (2015-present)
700-800+ - Anglo-Aro War (1901-1902)^{[citation needed]}
659–2,496 – Russia–Georgia war (2008)^[179]^[180]^[181]^[182]^[183]
547+ - Cyprus crisis (1955–64) (1955-1964)
643^[152] – 1,500^[151] – Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile (2011–present)
627 - Kamwina Nsapu rebellion (2016-present)
542 – East Prigorodny Conflict (1992)^{[citation needed]}
422 – Franco-Thai War (1940-1941)^{[citation needed]}
391+ – M23 rebellion (2012–present)^[184]^[185]^[186]
328 - RENAMO insurgency (2013-2014 2015-present)
307 – Turkey–ISIL conflict (2015–present)^{[citation needed]}
200–339 – Arab separatism in Khuzestan (1922–present)^{[citation needed]}
200+ - 1935 Yazidi revolt (1935)^{[citation needed]}
174–194 – United States occupation of Veracruz (1914)^[187]
159 – ISIL insurgency in Tunisia (2015–present)^{[citation needed]}
158 – Dissident Irish Republican campaign (1998-present)^{[citation needed]}
100 - 2016 Kasese clashes (2016) ^[188]
95 – 2013 Guinea clashes (2013)^[189]
84–134 – Lahad Datu standoff (2013)^[190]^[191]
82+ - Quasi-War (1798-1800)
82+ - North-West Rebellion (1885) ^[192]
71 – Paraguayan People's Army insurgency (2005-present)^{[citation needed]}
63 - Ten-Day War (1991)
36 - DHKP/C insurgency in Turkey (1990-present)^{[citation needed]}
34 – 2016 Niger Delta conflict (2016–Present) ^[193] part of the Conflict in the Niger Delta

Charts and graphs

List of wars by death toll.jpg

List of wars by death toll through time 1300 CE to present, over 1 million casualties, from the data presented in the above table.

References

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↑ Ping-ti Ho, "An Estimate of the Total Population of Sung-Chin China", in Études Song, Series 1, No 1, (1970) pp. 33–53.
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↑ Hans Bielenstein. Chinese historical demography A.D. 2-1982. Östasiatiska museet. p 17
↑ Hans Bielenstein. Chinese historical demography A.D. 2-1982. Östasiatiska museet. p 17
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↑ [1]
↑ Reassessing New World Populations at the Time of Contact; Henry F. Dobyns; Institute for Early Contact Studies, University of Florida at Gainesville; 1988; Pgs. 6–10, 25
↑ American Philosophy: From Wounded Knee to the Present; Erin McKenna, Scott L. Pratt; Bloomsbury; 2015; Page 375; "It is also apparent that the shared history of the hemisphere is one framed by the dual tragedies of genocide and slavery, both of which are part of the legacy of the European invasions of the past 500 years. Indigenous people north and south were displaced, died of disease, and were killed by Europeans through slavery, rape and war. In 1491, about 145 million people lived in the western hemisphere. By 1691, the population of indigenous Americans had declined by 90–95 percent."
↑ "Numbers from Nowhere: The American Indian Contact Population"; David P. Henige; University of Oklahoma Press; 1998; Pg. 24
↑ ^15.0 ^15.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
↑ Richard H. Steckel and Jerome C. Rose: The Backbone of History Health and Nutrition in the Western Hemisphere, Cambridge University Press; 1st edition; Pg. 79; ISBN 9780521617444
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↑ McFarlane, Alan: The Savage Wars of Peace: England, Japan and the Malthusian Trap, Blackwell 2003, ISBN 0-631-18117-2, ISBN 978-0-631-18117-0 – cited by White
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↑ "India's secret history: 'A holocaust, one where millions disappeared...'", The Guardian, 24 August 2007.
↑ Matthew White (2011), Aurangzeb - in Atrocities: The 100 Deadliest Episodes in Human History, W.W. Norton & Co., ISBN 978-0393081923
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↑ Bethany Lacina and Nils Petter Gleditsch, "Monitoring Trends in Global Combat: A New Dataset of Battle Deaths, European Journal of Population (2005) 21: 145–166.
↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
↑ Shaka: Zulu Chieftain; HistoryNet.com; June 12, 2006
↑ Charles Hirschman et al., "Vietnamese Casualties During the American War: A New Estimate," Population and Development Review, December 1995.
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↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. From 1955 to 2002, data from the surveys indicated an estimated 5.4 million violent war deaths ... 3.8 million in Vietnam.
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↑ ^40.0 ^40.1 http://www.digitaljournal.com/news/world/study-1-3-million-killed-in-usa-war-on-terror/article/429180
↑ ^41.0 ^41.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
↑ ^42.0 ^42.1 ^42.2 "Update on Iraqi Casualty Data" by Opinion Research Business. January 2008.
↑ ^43.0 ^43.1 ^43.2 "Revised Casualty Analysis. New Analysis 'Confirms' 1 Million+ Iraq Casualties". January 28, 2008. Opinion Research Business. Word Viewer for.doc files.
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↑ http://www.nonel.pu.ru/erdferkel/khalidi.pdf
↑ Bethany Lacina and Nils Petter Gleditsch, Monitoring Trends in Global Combat: A New Dataset of Battle Deaths, European Journal of Population (2005) 21: 145–166.
↑ Clodfelter, cited by White
↑ Urlanis, cited by White
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↑ Jones, Geo H., Vol. 23 No. 5, pp. 254
↑ Recounting the dead, Associate Professor J. David Hacker, "estimates, based on Census data, indicate that the death toll was at least 750,000, and may have been as high as 850,000" (study refers only to military casualties)
↑ James M. McPherson, "Battle Cry of Freedom", Oxford University Press, Oct 24, 2003, page 619. "Suffering and death were widespread, nevertheless, and a fair estimate of war-related civilian deaths might total 50,000".
↑ Professor James Downs. "Color blindness in the demographic death toll of the Civil War". Oxford University Press, April 13th 2012. "An 2 April 2012 New York Times article, “New Estimate Raises Civil War Death Toll,” reports that a new study ratchets up the death toll from an estimated 650,000 to a staggering 850,000 people. As horrific as this new number is, it fails to reflect the mortality of former slaves during the war. If former slaves were included in this figure, the Civil War death toll would likely be over a million casualties... the rough 19th century estimate was that 60,000 former slaves died from [war-related diseases and starvation], but doctors treating black patients often claimed that they were unable to keep accurate records due to demands on their time and the lack of manpower and resources... tens of thousands of other slaves who died had no contact with army doctors, leaving no records of their deaths".
↑ Carlton 1992, p. 211.
↑ Carlton 1992, p. 212.
↑ Carlton 1992, p. 213.
↑ Kenneth Meyer Setton, The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571: The fifteenth century, The American Philosophical Society (1978,1997) 331.
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↑ Baldauf, Scott, "Life under Taliban cuts two ways", The Christian Science Monitor, September 20, 2001.
↑ Paraguayan War
↑ France remembers the Algerian War, 50 years on France 24
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↑ Matthew White's Death Tolls for the Major Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century
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↑ c.f. UCDP datasets for SNA, SRRC, USC, SNM, ARS/UIC and Al-Shabaab tolls.
↑ UCDP non-state conflict tolls
↑ John M. Gates, "War-Related Deaths in the Philippines", Pacific Historical Review , v. 53, No. 3 (August, 1984), 367–378.
↑ http://www.jesusradicals.com/georgetown-welcomes-colombias-ex-pres-uribe/
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↑ Massacre of the Pure, Time, April 28, 1961
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↑ ^81.0 ^81.1 ^81.2 http://costsofwar.org/sites/default/files/HMCHART_2.pdf
↑ Howard Jones, "A New Kind of War" (1989)
↑ Edgar O'Ballance, The Greek Civil War : 1944–1949 (1966)
↑ T. Lomperis, From People's War to People's Rule (1996)
↑ "B&J": Jacob Bercovitch and Richard Jackson, International Conflict : A Chronological Encyclopedia of Conflicts and Their Management 1945–1995 (1997)
↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
↑ http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11142005-144616/unrestricted/003Manuscript.pdf
↑ ^88.0 ^88.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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↑ http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTCPR/214578-1111996036679/20482477/WP24_Web.pdf
↑ https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/casualtiestotal.html
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↑ Eckhardt, William, in World Military and Social Expenditures 1987–88 (12th ed., 1987) by Ruth Leger Sivard.
↑ Henry Wasswa, "Uganda's first prime minister, and two-time president, dead at 80," Associated Press, October 10, 2005
↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
↑ http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB15.1D.GIF
↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
↑ Mwakikagile 2014, p. 72.
↑ Vickers, Adrian (2005). A History of Modern Indonesia. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 10–13. ISBN 0-521-54262-6. Page 13.
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↑ https://www.hrw.org/reports/1992/Iraq926.htm
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↑ http://www1.american.edu/cgp/pdf/hicks.pdf
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↑ Martin, Robert Montgomery (1847). China: Political, Commercial, and Social; In an Official Report to Her Majesty's Government. Volume 2. James Madden. pp. 81–82.
↑ http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+af0012)
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↑ https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gzl2_TiUNy_W4vqIC3NZSasnA5HA
↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
↑ http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=37&regionSelect=2-Southern_Africa#
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↑ http://www.mha.nic.in/pdfs/ar0304-Eng.pdf
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↑ Vicenç Fisas. Anuario 2009 de procesos de paz. Barcelona: Icaria Editorial, pp. 75. ISBN 978-84-9888-076-2.
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↑ http://www.guinguinbali.com/index.php?lang=en&mod=news&task=view_news&cat=3&id=1392
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↑ http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=169&regionSelect=10-Middle_East#
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↑ http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/2013/Feb/1/musharraf-claims-kargil-was-a-big-success-militarily-for-pak-46.asp
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↑ http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/UNTC/UNPAN019224.pdf
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↑ Carver 1986, p. 806.
↑ Pimlott 1984, p. 99.
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External links

An Interactive map of all the battles fought around the world in the last 4,000 years
Information on 1,500 conflicts since 1800
Max Roser: ‘War and Peace’. (2016). Published online at OurWorldInData.org.

[White2012-1] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[McEvedy.26Jones1978-2] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[3] Ping-ti Ho, "An Estimate of the Total Population of Sung-Chin China", in Études Song, Series 1, No 1, (1970) pp. 33–53.

[4] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[5] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[6] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[7] Hans Bielenstein. Chinese historical demography A.D. 2-1982. Östasiatiska museet. p 17

[8] Hans Bielenstein. Chinese historical demography A.D. 2-1982. Östasiatiska museet. p 17

[Robert_B._Marks-9] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[Graziella_Caselli-10] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[BXScience-11] [1]

[Reassess-12] Reassessing New World Populations at the Time of Contact; Henry F. Dobyns; Institute for Early Contact Studies, University of Florida at Gainesville; 1988; Pgs. 6–10, 25

[13] American Philosophy: From Wounded Knee to the Present; Erin McKenna, Scott L. Pratt; Bloomsbury; 2015; Page 375; "It is also apparent that the shared history of the hemisphere is one framed by the dual tragedies of genocide and slavery, both of which are part of the legacy of the European invasions of the past 500 years. Indigenous people north and south were displaced, died of disease, and were killed by Europeans through slavery, rape and war. In 1491, about 145 million people lived in the western hemisphere. By 1691, the population of indigenous Americans had declined by 90–95 percent."

[14] "Numbers from Nowhere: The American Indian Contact Population"; David P. Henige; University of Oklahoma Press; 1998; Pg. 24

[NYT3-15] 15.0 ^15.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[16] Richard H. Steckel and Jerome C. Rose: The Backbone of History Health and Nutrition in the Western Hemisphere, Cambridge University Press; 1st edition; Pg. 79; ISBN 9780521617444

[17] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[18] McFarlane, Alan: The Savage Wars of Peace: England, Japan and the Malthusian Trap, Blackwell 2003, ISBN 0-631-18117-2, ISBN 978-0-631-18117-0 – cited by White

[19] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[remilitari-20] 20.0 ^20.1 ^20.2 ^20.3 ^20.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[21] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

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[25] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[26] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[27] "India's secret history: 'A holocaust, one where millions disappeared...'", The Guardian, 24 August 2007.

[28] Matthew White (2011), Aurangzeb - in Atrocities: The 100 Deadliest Episodes in Human History, W.W. Norton & Co., ISBN 978-0393081923

[29] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[30] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[31] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[32] Bethany Lacina and Nils Petter Gleditsch, "Monitoring Trends in Global Combat: A New Dataset of Battle Deaths, European Journal of Population (2005) 21: 145–166.

[33] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[34] Shaka: Zulu Chieftain; HistoryNet.com; June 12, 2006

[Hirschman2-35] Charles Hirschman et al., "Vietnamese Casualties During the American War: A New Estimate," Population and Development Review, December 1995.

[afp1995-36] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[37] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. From 1955 to 2002, data from the surveys indicated an estimated 5.4 million violent war deaths ... 3.8 million in Vietnam.

[38] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[39] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[digitaljournal-40] 40.0 ^40.1 http://www.digitaljournal.com/news/world/study-1-3-million-killed-in-usa-war-on-terror/article/429180

[costsofwar-41] 41.0 ^41.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[update-42] 42.0 ^42.1 ^42.2 "Update on Iraqi Casualty Data" by Opinion Research Business. January 2008.

[orb2008jan28-43] 43.0 ^43.1 ^43.2 "Revised Casualty Analysis. New Analysis 'Confirms' 1 Million+ Iraq Casualties". January 28, 2008. Opinion Research Business. Word Viewer for.doc files.

[44] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[45] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[46] ttp://www.nonel.pu.ru/erdferkel/khalidi.pdf

[47] Bethany Lacina and Nils Petter Gleditsch, Monitoring Trends in Global Combat: A New Dataset of Battle Deaths, European Journal of Population (2005) 21: 145–166.

[48] Clodfelter, cited by White

[49] Urlanis, cited by White

[50] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[51] Jones, Geo H., Vol. 23 No. 5, pp. 254

[52] Recounting the dead, Associate Professor J. David Hacker, "estimates, based on Census data, indicate that the death toll was at least 750,000, and may have been as high as 850,000" (study refers only to military casualties)

[53] James M. McPherson, "Battle Cry of Freedom", Oxford University Press, Oct 24, 2003, page 619. "Suffering and death were widespread, nevertheless, and a fair estimate of war-related civilian deaths might total 50,000".

[54] Professor James Downs. "Color blindness in the demographic death toll of the Civil War". Oxford University Press, April 13th 2012. "An 2 April 2012 New York Times article, “New Estimate Raises Civil War Death Toll,” reports that a new study ratchets up the death toll from an estimated 650,000 to a staggering 850,000 people. As horrific as this new number is, it fails to reflect the mortality of former slaves during the war. If former slaves were included in this figure, the Civil War death toll would likely be over a million casualties... the rough 19th century estimate was that 60,000 former slaves died from [war-related diseases and starvation], but doctors treating black patients often claimed that they were unable to keep accurate records due to demands on their time and the lack of manpower and resources... tens of thousands of other slaves who died had no contact with army doctors, leaving no records of their deaths".

[Carlton-211-55] Carlton 1992, p. 211.

[Carlton-212-56] Carlton 1992, p. 212.

[Carlton-213-57] Carlton 1992, p. 213.

[Hirschman-58] Kenneth Meyer Setton, The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571: The fifteenth century, The American Philosophical Society (1978,1997) 331.

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[spanjudge-62] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[63] Baldauf, Scott, "Life under Taliban cuts two ways", The Christian Science Monitor, September 20, 2001.

[64] Paraguayan War

[65] France remembers the Algerian War, 50 years on France 24

[66] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[67] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[MathewWhite-68] Matthew White's Death Tolls for the Major Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century

[69] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[70] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[71] .f. UCDP datasets for SNA, SRRC, USC, SNM, ARS/UIC and Al-Shabaab tolls.

[72] UCDP non-state conflict tolls

[73] John M. Gates, "War-Related Deaths in the Philippines", Pacific Historical Review , v. 53, No. 3 (August, 1984), 367–378.

[74] ttp://www.jesusradicals.com/georgetown-welcomes-colombias-ex-pres-uribe/

[75] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[76] Massacre of the Pure, Time, April 28, 1961

[77] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

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[79] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

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[costofwar-81] 81.0 ^81.1 ^81.2 http://costsofwar.org/sites/default/files/HMCHART_2.pdf

[82] Howard Jones, "A New Kind of War" (1989)

[83] Edgar O'Ballance, The Greek Civil War : 1944–1949 (1966)

[84] T. Lomperis, From People's War to People's Rule (1996)

[85] "B&J": Jacob Bercovitch and Richard Jackson, International Conflict : A Chronological Encyclopedia of Conflicts and Their Management 1945–1995 (1997)

[86] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[87] ttp://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11142005-144616/unrestricted/003Manuscript.pdf

[umass-88] 88.0 ^88.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[89] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[90] ttp://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTCPR/214578-1111996036679/20482477/WP24_Web.pdf

[91] ttps://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/casualtiestotal.html

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[94] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[95] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[96] Eckhardt, William, in World Military and Social Expenditures 1987–88 (12th ed., 1987) by Ruth Leger Sivard.

[97] Henry Wasswa, "Uganda's first prime minister, and two-time president, dead at 80," Associated Press, October 10, 2005

[98] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[99] ttp://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB15.1D.GIF

[100] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[FOOTNOTEMwakikagile201472-101] Mwakikagile 2014, p. 72.

[102] Vickers, Adrian (2005). A History of Modern Indonesia. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 10–13. ISBN 0-521-54262-6. Page 13.

[103] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[104] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

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[106] ttps://www.hrw.org/reports/1992/Iraq926.htm

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[114] ttp://www1.american.edu/cgp/pdf/hicks.pdf

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[historyguy.com-118] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

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[martin-120] Martin, Robert Montgomery (1847). China: Political, Commercial, and Social; In an Official Report to Her Majesty's Government. Volume 2. James Madden. pp. 81–82.

[121] ttp://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+af0012)

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[126] ttps://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gzl2_TiUNy_W4vqIC3NZSasnA5HA

[127] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[128] ttp://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=37&regionSelect=2-Southern_Africa#

[129] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[130] ttp://www.mha.nic.in/pdfs/ar0304-Eng.pdf

[131] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

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[135] Vicenç Fisas. Anuario 2009 de procesos de paz. Barcelona: Icaria Editorial, pp. 75. ISBN 978-84-9888-076-2.

[136] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

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[Bangkok2016-138] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[139] ttp://www.guinguinbali.com/index.php?lang=en&mod=news&task=view_news&cat=3&id=1392

[140] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

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[142] ttp://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=169&regionSelect=10-Middle_East#

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[170] ttp://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/2013/Feb/1/musharraf-claims-kargil-was-a-big-success-militarily-for-pak-46.asp

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[174] ttp://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/UNTC/UNPAN019224.pdf

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[FOOTNOTECarver1986806-177] Carver 1986, p. 806.

[FOOTNOTEPimlott198499-178] Pimlott 1984, p. 99.

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v t e Armed conflicts by year
21st century	2014
Ongoing armed conflicts

List of wars by death toll

Contents