Mobile operating system

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A mobile operating system (or mobile OS) is an operating system for smartphones, tablets, PDAs, or other mobile devices. While computers such as the typical laptop are mobile, the operating systems usually used on them are not considered mobile ones as they were originally designed for bigger stationary desktop computers that historically did not have or need specific "mobile" features. This distinction is getting blurred in some newer operating systems that are hybrids made for both uses.

Mobile operating systems combine features of a personal computer operating system with other features useful for mobile or handheld use; usually including, and most of the following considered essential in modern mobile systems; a touchscreen, cellular, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GPS mobile navigation, camera, video camera, speech recognition, voice recorder, music player, near field communication and infrared blaster.

Mobile devices with mobile communications capabilities (e.g. smartphones) contain two mobile operating systems – the main user-facing software platform is supplemented by a second low-level proprietary real-time operating system which operates the radio and other hardware. Research has shown that these low-level systems may contain a range of security vulnerabilities permitting malicious base stations to gain high levels of control over the mobile device.[1]

Timeline

Mobile operating system milestones mirror the development of mobile phones and smartphones:

Current software platforms

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See also: Comparison of smartphones, List of Firefox OS devices, List of iOS devices, and List of Windows Phone devices

Note that these operating systems often run on top of baseband or other real time operating systems that handle hardware aspects of the phone.

Android

See: Android (operating system)

Google Android OS

Android (based on the Linux kernel) is from Google Inc.[5] Besides having the largest installed base worldwide on smartphones, it is also the most popular operating system for general purpose computers (a category that includes desktop computers as well as mobile devices), even though Android is not a popular operating system for regular ("desktop") PCs. Although the Android operating system is free and open-source software,[6] in actual devices, much of the software bundled with it (including Google apps and vendor-installed software) is proprietary and closed source.[7]

Android's releases prior to 2.0 (1.0, 1.5, 1.6) were used exclusively on mobile phones. Android 2.x releases were mostly used for mobile phones but also some tablets. Android 3.0 was a tablet-oriented release and does not officially run on mobile phones. The current Android version is 6.0.

Android's releases are named after sweets or dessert items (except for the first and second releases):

  • 1.0 : (API Level 1)
  • 1.1 – Alpha : (API Level 2)
  • 1.2 – Beta
  • 1.5 – Cupcake : (API Level 3)
  • 1.6 – Donut : (API Level 4)
  • 2.0 – Eclair : (API Level 5)
  • 2.0.1 – Eclair : (API Level 6)
  • 2.1 – Eclair : (API Level 7)
  • 2.2.x – Frozen Yogurt ("Froyo") : (API Level 8)
  • 2.3 – Ginger Bread (Minor UI Tweak): (API Level 9)
  • 2.3.3 – Ginger Bread: (API Level 10)
  • 3.0 – Honeycomb (Major UI revamp): (API Level 11)
  • 3.1 – Honeycomb: (API Level 12)
  • 3.2 – Honeycomb: (API Level 13)
  • 4.0 – Ice Cream Sandwich (Minor UI Tweak): (API Level 14)
  • 4.0.3 – Ice Cream Sandwich: (API Level 15)
  • 4.1 – Jelly Bean: (API Level 16)
  • 4.2 – Jelly Bean: (API Level 17)
  • 4.3 – Jelly Bean: (API Level 18)
  • 4.4.4 – KitKat: (API Level 19)
  • 5.0, 5.0.1, 5.0.2 – Lollipop (Major UI revamp) : (API Level 21)
  • 5.1, 5.1.1 – Lollipop : (API Level 22)
  • 6.0 & 6.0.1 – Marshmallow: (API Level 23)

AOKP

AOKP, short for Android Open Kang Project is a custom ROM which based on Android Open Source Project(AOSP). Similar to CyanogenMod, AOKP allows Android users who can no longer obtain update support from their manufacturer to continue updating their OS version to the latest one based on official release from Google AOSP and heavy theme customization together with customizable system functions.

Current AOKP version list:

  • AOKP (Based on Android "Ice Cream Sandwich" 4.0.x)
  • AOKP (Based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.1.x – 4.3.x)
  • AOKP (Based on Android "KitKat" 4.4.x)

ColorOS

ColorOS is based on the open source Android Open Source Project(AOSP) and develop by OPPO Electronics Corp. Currently, ColorOS are officially release together with every OPPO devices and OPPO had release an official ColorOS ROM for Oneplus One.

Current ColorOS version list:

  • ColorOS 1.0 (Based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.1.x – 4.3.x) (Initial release)
  • ColorOS 2.0 (Based on Android "KitKat" 4.4.x) (Minor UI upgrade)
  • ColorOS 2.1 (Based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x – 5.1.x) (Minor UI upgrade)

CyanogenMod

CyanogenMod is based on the open source Android Open Source Project (AOSP). It is a custom ROM that was co-developed by the CyanogenMod community; therefore, the OS does not include any proprietary apps unless the user installs them. Due to its open source nature, CyanogenMod allows Android users who can no longer obtain update support from their manufacturer to continue updating their OS version to the latest one based on official release from Google AOSP and heavy theme customization. The current version of the OS is CyanogenMod 13 which is based on Android Marshmallow.

Current CyanogenMod version list:

  • CyanogenMod 3 (Based on Android "Cupcake" 1.5.x, initial release)
  • CyanogenMod 4 (Based on Android "Cupcake" and "Donut" 1.5.x and 1.6.x)
  • CyanogenMod 5 (Based on Android "Eclair" 2.0/2.1)
  • CyanogenMod 6 (Based on Android "Froyo" 2.2.x)
  • CyanogenMod 7 (Based on Android "Gingerbread" 2.3.x)
  • CyanogenMod 9 (Based on Android "Ice Cream Sandwich" 4.0.x, major UI revamp)
  • CyanogenMod 10 (Based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.1.x – 4.3.x)
  • CyanogenMod 11 (Based on Android "KitKat" 4.4.x)
  • CyanogenMod 12 (Based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x – 5.1.x, major UI revamp)
  • CyanogenMod 13 (Based on Android "Marshmallow" 6.0.x)(Under development)

Cyanogen OS

Cyanogen OS is based on CyanogenMod and maintained by Cyanogen Inc, however it includes proprietary apps and it is only available for commercial uses.

Current Cyanogen OS version list:

  • Cyanogen OS 11s (Based on Android "KitKat" 4.4.x, initial release)
  • Cyanogen OS 12 (Based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x – 5.1.x, major UI revamp)
  • Cyanogen OS 13 (Based on Android "Marshmallow" 6.0.x) (Under development)

EMUI

EMUI(which stands for Emotion User Interface) is a ROM/OS that is developed by Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. and is based on Google's Android Open Source Project(AOSP). EMUI is preinstalled on most Huawei Smartphone devices and its subsidiaries the Honor series.

Current EMUI version list:

  • EMUI 1.x (Based on Android "Ice Cream Sandwich" and "Jelly Bean" 4.0.x and 4.1.x – 4.3.x)(Initial release)
  • EMUI 2.x (Based on Android "Ice Cream Sandwich", "Jelly Bean" and "KitKat" 4.0.x, 4.1.x – 4.3.x and 4.4.x)(Minor UI tweak)
  • EMUI 3.x (Based on Android "KitKat" and "Lollipop" 4.4.x and 5.0.x – 5.1.x)(Minor UI tweak)
  • EMUI 4.x (Based on Android "Marshmallow" 6.x)

Fire OS

Fire OS is an operating system launched by Amazon and is based on Google's Android Open Source Project(AOSP). Currently only a few devices have Fire OS installed, like Fire Phone, the Kindle Fire series and Amazon's Fire TV. Although the OS was built on top on Google's AOSP, it does not pre-install Google apps and ship with custom Amazon services.

Current Fire OS version list:

  • Fire OS 3.0.x (Based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.2.2, official release as Fire OS)
  • Fire OS 4.x.x (Based on Android "Jelly Bean" and "KitKat" 4.2.2 and 4.4.x, major UI revamp to match the Amazon's Fire Phone)
  • Fire OS 4.x.x (Based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x – 5.1.x)(Under development)

Flyme OS

Flyme OS is an operating system developed by Meizu Technology Co., Ltd., an open source OS based on Google Android Open Source Project(AOSP). Flyme OS is mainly installed on Meizu Smartphones such as the MX's series, however it also has official ROM support for a few Android devices.

Current Flyme OS version list:

  • Flyme OS 1.x.x (Based on Android "Ice Cream Sandwich" 4.0.3, initial release)
  • Flyme OS 2.x.x (Based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.1.x – 4.2.x)
  • Flyme OS 3.x.x (Based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.3.x)
  • Flyme OS 4.x.x (Based on Android "KitKat" 4.4.x)
  • Flyme OS 5.x.x (Based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x – 5.1.x)

HTC Sense

HTC Sense is a software suite developed by HTC, used primarily on the company's Android-based devices. Serving as a successor to HTC's TouchFLO 3D software for Windows Mobile, Sense modifies many aspects of the Android user experience, incorporating additional features (such as an altered home screen and keyboard), additional widgets, re-designed applications, and additional HTC-developed applications. The first device with Sense, the HTC Hero, was released in 2009.

  • HTC Sense 1.x (Based on Android "Eclair" 2.0/2.1, Initial release)
  • HTC Sense 2.x (Based on Android "Eclair", "Froyo" and "Gingerbread" 2.0/2.1, 2.2.x and 2.3.x, redesign UI)
  • HTC Sense 3.x (Based on Android "Gingerbread" 2.3.x, redesign UI)
  • HTC Sense 4.x (Based on Android "Ice Cream Sandwich" and "Jelly Bean" 4.0.x and 4.1.x, redesign UI)
  • HTC Sense 5.x (Based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.1.x – 4.3.x, redesign UI)
  • HTC Sense 6.x (Based on Android "KitKat" 4.4.x, redesign UI)
  • HTC Sense 7.x (Based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x, redesign UI)

MIUI

MIUI (which stands for Mi User Interface), an operating system developed by a Chinese electronic company Xiaomi Tech, is a mobile operating system which based on Google Android Open Source Project(AOSP). MIUI is found in Xiaomi smartphones such as the Mi and Redmi Series, however it also has official ROM support for a few Android devices. Although MIUI is based on AOSP, which is Open Source, it consists of closed source and proprietary software of its own.

Current MIUI version list:

  • MIUI V1 (Based on Android "Froyo" 2.2.x, Initial release)
  • MIUI V2 (Based on Android "Froyo" 2.2.x, redesign UI)
  • MIUI V3 (Based on Android "Gingerbread" 2.3.x, redesign UI)
  • MIUI V4 (Based on Android "Ice Cream Sandwich" and "Jelly Bean" 4.0.x and 4.1.x, redesign UI)
  • MIUI V5 (Based on Android "Jelly Bean" and "KitKat" 4.1.x – 4.3.x and 4.4.x, redesign UI)
  • MIUI V6 (Based on Android "KitKat" and "Lollipop" 4.4.x and 5.0.x, redesign UI)
  • MIUI V7 (Based on Android "KitKat" and "Lollipop" and "Marshmallow" 4.4.x and 5.0.x and 6.0.x)

Nokia X platform

The Nokia X platform was developed by Nokia Corporation and later on maintained by Microsoft Mobile. It is a project which is based on the open source Android Open Source Project(AOSP). It removes all the Google Services and Apps and replaces them with Nokia and Microsoft apps. Its overall UI mimics the Windows Phone UI.

Current Nokia X platform version list:

  • Nokia X platform 1.x (Based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.1.x)(Initial release)
  • Nokia X platform 2.x (Based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.3.x)(Minor UI tweak)

LG UX

LG UX (formally known as Optimus UI) is a front-end touch interface developed by LG Electronics with partners, featuring a full touch user interface. It is sometimes incorrectly identified as an operating system. LG UX is used internally by LG for sophisticated feature phones and tablet computers, and is not available for licensing by external parties.

Optimus UI 2 which based on Android 4.1.2 has been released on the Optimus K II and the Optimus Neo 3. It features a more refined user interface as compared to the previous version which based on Android 4.1.1, would include together which new functionality such as voice shutter and quick memo.

Current LG UX version list:

  • Optimus UI 1.x (Based on Android "Gingerbread" 2.3.x) (Initial release)
  • Optimus UI 2.x (Based on Android "Ice Cream Sandwich" and "Jelly Bean" 4.0.x and 4.1.x – 4.3.x, redesign UI)
  • LG UX 3.x (Based on Android "KitKat" and "Lollipop" 4.4.x and 5.0.x, redesign UI)
  • LG UX 4.x (Based on Android "Lollipop" 5.1.x and "Marshmallow" 5.1.x and 6.0.x, redesign UI)

OxygenOS

OxygenOS is based on the open source Android Open Source Project(AOSP) and is developed by OnePlus to replace Cyanogen OS on Oneplus devices such as the Oneplus One, as it is preinstalled on the Oneplus Two and Oneplus X. As stated by Oneplus, OxygenOS is focused on stabilization and maintaining of "stock" like those found on Nexus devices. It consists of mainly Google apps and minor UI customization to maintain the sleekness of "pure" Android.

Current OxygenOS version list:

  • Oxygen OS 1.0.X (Based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x) (Initial release)
  • Oxygen OS 2.0.X (Based on Android "Lollipop" 5.1.x) (Overall maintenance update)

TouchWiz

TouchWiz is a front-end touch interface developed by Samsung Electronics with partners, featuring a full touch user interface. It is sometimes incorrectly identified as an independent operating system. TouchWiz is used internally by Samsung for smartphones, feature phones and tablet computers, and is not available for licensing by external parties. The Android version of TouchWiz also comes with Samsung-made apps preloaded (except starting with the Galaxy S6 which have removed all Samsung pre-loaded apps installed, leaving one with Galaxy Apps, to save storage space and initially due to the removal of MicroSD).

Current TouchWiz version list:

  • TouchWiz 3.0 & 3.0 Lite (Based on Android "Eclair" and "Froyo" 2.0/2.1 and 2.2.x) (Initial release)
  • TouchWiz 4.0 (Based on Android "Gingerbread" and "Ice Cream Sandwich" 2.3.x and 4.0.x) (Redesign UI)
  • TouchWiz Nature UX "1.0" and Lite (Based on Android "Ice Cream Sandwich" and "Jelly Bean" 4.0.x and 4.1.x) (Redesign UI)
  • TouchWiz Nature UX 2.x (Based on Android "Jelly Bean" and "KitKat" 4.2.x – 4.3.x and 4.4.x) (Redesign UI)
  • TouchWiz Nature UX 3.x (Based on Android "KitKat" and "Lollipop" 4.4.x and 5.0.x) (Redesign UI)
  • TouchWiz Nature UX 5.x (Based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x – 5.1.x) (Redesign UI)

ZenUI

ZenUI is a front-end touch interface developed by ASUS with partners, featuring a full touch user interface. ZenUI is used by Asus for android phones and tablet computers, and is not available for licensing by external parties. ZenUI also comes with Asus-made apps preloaded like ZenLink (PC Link, Share Link, Party Link & Remote Link).

iOS

iOS (previously known as iPhone OS) is from Apple Inc.[5] It has the second largest installed base worldwide on smartphones, but the largest profits, due to aggressive price competition between Android-based manufacturers.[8] It is closed source and proprietary and built on open source Darwin core OS. The Apple iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad and second-generation Apple TV all use iOS, which is derived from OS X.

Native third party applications were not officially supported until the release of iOS 2.0 on July 11, 2008. Before this, "jailbreaking" allowed third party applications to be installed, and this method is still available.

Currently all iOS devices are developed by Apple and manufactured by Foxconn or another of Apple's partners.

As of 2014, the global market share of iOS was 15.4%.[9]

Current iOS version list:

  • iPhone OS 1.x
  • iPhone OS 2.x
  • iPhone OS 3.x
  • iOS 4.x
  • iOS 5.x
  • iOS 6.x
  • iOS 7.x (Major UI revamp)
  • iOS 8.x
  • iOS 9.x

Windows 10 Mobile

Windows 10 Mobile (formerly called Windows Phone) is from Microsoft. It is closed source and proprietary. It has the third largest installed base on smartphones behind Android and iOS.

Unveiled on February 15, 2010, Windows Phone includes a user interface inspired by Microsoft's "Metro Design Language". It is integrated with Microsoft services such as OneDrive and Office, Xbox Music, Xbox Video, Xbox Live games and Bing, but also integrates with many other non-Microsoft services such as Facebook and Google accounts. Windows Phone devices are made primarily by Microsoft Mobile/Nokia, and also by HTC and Samsung.

On 21 January 2015, Microsoft announced that the Windows Phone brand will be phased out and replaced with Windows 10 Mobile, bringing tighter integration and unification with its PC counterpart Windows 10, and provide a platform for smartphones as well as tablets with screen size under 8 inches.

By the end of 2014, Windows 10 Mobile had a global market share of 2.7%.[10]

Current Windows Phone version list:

  • Windows Phone 7
  • Windows Phone 7.5
  • Windows Phone 7.8 (Minor UI tweak)
  • Windows Phone 8 (GDR1, GDR2 & GDR3) & (Minor UI tweak)
  • Windows Phone 8.1 (GDR1 & GDR2) & (Minor UI tweak)
  • Windows 10 Mobile

BlackBerry 10

BlackBerry 10 (based on the QNX OS) is from BlackBerry. As a smart phone OS, it is closed source and proprietary, and only runs on phones and tablets manufactured by Blackberry.

Once one of the dominant platforms in the world, its global market share was reduced to 0.4% by the end of 2014.[10]

Current BlackBerry 10 version list:

  • BlackBerry 10.0
  • BlackBerry 10.1
  • BlackBerry 10.2
  • BlackBerry 10.3 (Major UI revamp)
  • BlackBerry 10.4 (Developing, expected to release by 2016)

Firefox OS

Firefox OS[11] is from Mozilla. It is open source and is released under the Mozilla Public License. It is built on the Android Linux kernel and uses Android drivers, but doesn't use any Java-like code of Android.

According to Ars Technica, "Mozilla says that B2G is motivated by a desire to demonstrate that the standards-based open Web has the potential to be a competitive alternative to the existing single-vendor application development stacks offered by the dominant mobile operating systems."[12]

Current Firefox OS version list:

  • 1.0.x
  • 1.1.x
  • 1.2.x
  • 1.3.x
  • 1.4.x
  • 1.5.x
  • 2.0.0
  • 2.1.0
  • 2.2.0
  • 2.5.0

Sailfish OS

Sailfish OS is from Jolla. It is partly open source and adopts GPL (core and middleware), however the user interface is closed source.

After Nokia abandoned in 2011 the MeeGo project most of the MeeGo team left Nokia, and established Jolla as a company to use MeeGo and Mer business opportunities. Thanks to MER standard it can be launched on any hardware with kernel compatible with MER. In 2012 Linux Sailfish OS based on MeeGo and using middleware of MER core stack distribution has been launched for public use. The first device, the Jolla smartphone, was unveiled on 20 May 2013. In 2015 has been launched Jolla Tablet and the BRICS countries has declared it officially supported OS there. Jolla started licensing Sailfish OS 2.0 for 3rd parties. Sold already devices are updateable to Sailfish 2.0 without limitations.

Each Sailfish OS version releases are named after Finnish lakes:

  • 1.0.0.5 – Update – (Kaajanlampi)
  • 1.0.1.1x – Update 1 (Laadunjärvi)
  • 1.0.2.5 – Update 2 (Maadajävri)
  • 1.0.3.8 – Update 3 (Naamankajärvi)
  • 1.0.4.20 – Update 4 (Ohijärvi)
  • 1.0.5.1x – Update 5 (Paarlamp)
  • 1.0.7.16 – Update 7 (Saapunki)
  • 1.0.8.19 – Update 8 (Tahkalampi)
  • 1.1.0.3x – Update 9 (Uitukka)
  • 1.1.1.2x – Update 10 (Vaarainjärvi)
  • 1.1.2.1x – Update 11 (Yliaavanlampi)
  • 1.1.4.28 – Update 13 (Äijänpäivänjärvi)
  • 1.1.6.27 – Update 15 (Aaslakkajärvi)
  • 1.1.7.24 – Update 16 (Björnträsket)
  • 1.1.9.28 – Update 17 pre-transition to Sailfish OS 2.0 (Eineheminlampi) (Major UI revamp)
  • 2.0.0.10 – Update 18 complete-transition to Sailfish 2.0 (Saimaa) (Minor UI and functionality improvement)

Tizen

Tizen is hosted by the Linux Foundation and support from the Tizen Association, guided by a Technical Steering Group composed of Intel and Samsung.

Tizen is an operating system for devices including smartphones, tablets, in-vehicle infotainment (IVI) devices, and smart TVs. It is an open source system(However the SDK was closed source and proprietary) that aims to offer a consistent user experience across devices. Tizen's main components are the Linux kernel and the WebKit runtime. According to Intel, Tizen "combines the best of LiMo and MeeGo." HTML5 apps are emphasized, with MeeGo encouraging its members to transition to Tizen, stating that the "future belongs to HTML5-based applications, outside of a relatively small percentage of apps, and we are firmly convinced that our investment needs to shift toward HTML5." Tizen will be targeted at a variety of platforms such as handsets, touch pc, smart TVs and in-vehicle entertainment.[13][14] On May 17, 2013, Tizen released version 2.1, code-named Nectarine.[15]

Currently Tizen are the fourth largest Mobile OS in term of market share. Tizen has the second-largest market share in the budget segment of smartphones in India as of Q4 2015.

Current Tizen version list:

  • 1.0 (Larkspur)
  • 2.0 (Magnolia)
  • 2.1 (Nectarine)
  • 2.2.x
  • 2.3.x
  • 2.4.x (minor UI tweaks)
  • 3.0 (Under development, under developing)

Ubuntu Touch OS

Ubuntu Touch OS is from Canonical Ltd.. It is open source and uses the GPL license.[15] The OS is built on the Android Linux kernel, using Android drivers, but does not use any of the Java-like code of Android.

Current Ubuntu Touch version list:

  • Preview Version (Initial release)
  • OTA 2.x
  • OTA 3.x
  • OTA 4.x
  • OTA 5.x
  • OTA 6.x
  • OTA 7.x
  • OTA 8.x
  • OTA 9.x

Discontinued software platforms

Bada

Bada platform (stylized as bada; Korean: 바다) was an operating system for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. It was developed by Samsung Electronics. Its name is derived from "바다 (bada)", meaning "ocean" or "sea" in Korean. It ranges from mid- to high-end smartphones. To foster adoption of Bada OS, since 2011 Samsung reportedly has considered releasing the source code under an open-source license, and expanding device support to include Smart TVs. Samsung announced in June 2012 intentions to merge Bada into the Tizen project,but would meanwhile use its own Bada operating system, in parallel with Google Android OS and Microsoft Windows Phone, for its smartphones. All Bada-powered devices are branded under the Wave name, but not all of Samsung's Android-powered devices are branded under the name Galaxy. On 25 February 2013, Samsung announced that it will stop developing Bada, moving development to Tizen instead.Bug reporting was finally terminated in April 2014.[16]

Symbian

The Symbian platform was developed by Nokia for certain models of smartphones. It is proprietary software. The operating system was discontinued in 2012, although a slimmed-down version for basic phones was still developed until July 2014. Microsoft officially shelved the platform in favor of Windows Phone after the acquisition of Nokia.[17]

Windows Mobile

Windows Mobile is a discontinued operating system from Microsoft that it replaced with Windows Phone.[5][18] It is closed source and proprietary.

The Windows CE operating system and Windows Mobile middleware was widely spread in Asia (which mostly uses Android now). The two improved variants of this operating system, Windows Mobile 6 Professional (for touch screen devices) and Windows Mobile 6 Standard, were unveiled in February 2007. It was criticized for having a user interface which is not optimized for touch input by fingers; instead, it is more usable with a stylus. Like iOS, and most other Mobile OS, it supports both touch screen, physical and Bluetooth keyboard configurations.

Windows Mobile's market share sharply declined to just 5% in Q2 of 2010.[19][20] Microsoft phased out the Windows Mobile OS to focus on Windows Phone.

Palm OS

Palm OS/Garnet OS was from Access Co. It is closed source and proprietary. webOS was introduced by Palm in January 2009 as the successor to Palm OS with Web 2.0 technologies, open architecture and multitasking capabilities.

webOS

webOS was developed by Palm, although some parts are open source. webOS is a proprietary mobile operating system running on the Linux kernel, initially developed by Palm, which launched with the Palm Pre. After being acquired by HP, two phones (the Veer and the Pre 3) and a tablet (the TouchPad) running webOS were introduced in 2011. On August 18, 2011, HP announced that webOS hardware was to be discontinued[21] but would continue to support and update webOS software and develop the webOS ecosystem.[22] HP released webOS as open source under the name Open webOS, and plans to update it with additional features.[23] On February 25, 2013 HP announced the sale of WebOS to LG Electronics, who used the operating system for its "smart" or Internet-connected TVs. However HP retained patents underlying WebOS as well as cloud-based services such as the App Catalog.

Maemo

Maemo was a platform developed by Nokia for smartphones and Internet tablets. It is open source and GPL, based on Debian GNU/Linux and draws much of its GUI, frameworks and libraries from the GNOME project. It uses the Matchbox window manager and the GTK-based Hildon as its GUI and application framework.

MeeGo

MeeGo was from non-profit organization The Linux Foundation. It is open source and GPL. At the 2010 Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, Nokia and Intel both unveiled 'MeeGo', a mobile operating system that combined Moblin and Maemo to create an open-sourced experience for users across all devices. In 2011 Nokia announced that it would no longer pursue MeeGo in favor of Windows Phone. Nokia announced the Nokia N9 on June 21, 2011 at the Nokia Connection event[24] in Singapore. LG announced its support for the platform.[25]

LiMo

LiMo was from the LiMo Foundation. LiMo Foundation launched LiMo 4 on February 14, 2011. LiMo 4 delivers middleware and application functionality, including a flexible user interface, extended widget libraries, 3D window effects, advanced multimedia, social networking and location-based service frameworks, sensor frameworks, multi-tasking and multi-touch capabilities. In addition, support for scalable screen resolution and consistent APIs means that the platform can deliver a consistent user experience across multiple device types and form factors.[26]

Market share

In 2006, Android, iOS and Windows Phone did not exist and just 64 million smartphones were sold.[27] In 2015, more than a billion smartphones were sold and global market share was 80.7% for Android, 17.7% for iOS, 1.1% for Windows Phone, 0.2% for Blackberry and remaining 0.2% for all other platforms.

World-Wide Share or Shipments

See table below for source data
See table below for source data
Gartner: World-wide smartphone sales (thousands of units)
Quarter Windows Mobile[28] RIM Symbian[29] iOS Android[30] Bada Windows Phone[31] Other Total Smartphones Total Phones
2016 Q1[32] - 660 - 51,630 293,771 - 2,400 791 349,251 n/a
2015 Q4[33] - 906.9 - 71,526 325,394 - 4,395 887.3 403,109.4 n/a
2015 Q3[34] - 977 - 46,062 298,797 - 5,874 1,133.6 352,844 477,898.8
2015 Q2[35] - 1,153 - 48,086 271,010 - 8,198 1,229 329,676.4 445,758.8
2015 Q1[36] - 1,325 - 60,177 265,012 - 8,271 1,268 336,054 460,261
2014 Q4[37] - 1,734 - 74,832 279,058 - 10,425 1,286.9 367,334.4 n/a
2014 Q3[38] - 2,420 - 38,187 254,354 - 9,033 1,310.2 305,384 461,064
2014 Q2[39] - 2,044 - 35,345 243,484 - 8,095 2,044 290,384.4 444,190.4
2014 Q1[36] - 1,714 - 43,062 227,549 - 7,580 1,371 281,637 448,966
2013 Q4[40] - 1,807 - 50,224 219,613 - 8,534 1,994 282,171 490,342
2013 Q3[41] - 4,401 458 30,330 205,023 633 8,912 475 250,232 455,642
2013 Q2[42] - 6,180 631 31,900 177,898 838 7,408 472 225,326 435,158
2013 Q1[43] - 6,219 1,349 38,332 156,186 1,371 5,989 600 210,046 425,822
2012 Q4[44] - 7,333 2,569 43,457 144,720 2,684 6,186 713 207,662 472,076
2012 Q3[45] - 8,947 4,405 23,550 122,480 5,055 4,058 684 169,179 427,730
2012 Q2[46] - 7,991 9,072 28,935 98,529 4,209 4,087 863 153,686 419,008
2012 Q1[47] - 9,939 12,467 33,121 81,067 3,842 2,713 1,243 144,392 419,108
2011 Q4[48] - 13,185 17,458 35,456 75,906 3,111 2,759 1,167 149,042 476,555
2011 Q3[49] - 12,701 19,500 17,295 60,490 2,479 1,702 1,018 115,185 440,502
2011 Q2[50] - 12,652 23,853 19,629 46,776 2,056 1,724 1,051 107,740 428,661
2011 Q1[47][51] 982 13,004 27,599 16,883 36,350 1,862 1,600 1,495 99,775 427,846
2010 Q4[48] 3,419 14,762 32,642 16,011 30,801 2,027 0 1,488 101,150 452,037
2010 Q3[49] 2,204 12,508 29,480 13,484 20,544 921 - 1,991 81,133 417,086
2010 Q2[50] 3,059 11,629 25,387 8,743 10,653 577 - 2,011 62,058 367,987
2010 Q1[51] 3,696 10,753 24,068 8,360 5,227 - - 2,403 54,506 359,605
2009 Q4[52] 4,203 10,508 23,857 8,676 4,043 - - 2,517 53,804 347,103
2009 Q3[53] 3,260 8,523 18,315 7,040 1,425 - - 2,531 41,093 308,895
2009 Q2[54] 3,830 7,782 20,881 5,325 756 - - 2,398 40,972 286,122
2009 Q1[55] 3,739 7,534 17,825 3,848 575 - - 2,986 36,507 269,120
2008 Q4[56] 4,714 7,443 17,949 4,079 639 - - 3,319 38,143 314,708
2008 Q3[57] 4,053 5,800 18,179 4,720 0 - - 3,763 36,515 308,532
2008 Q2[58] 3,874 5,594 18,405 893 - - - 3,456 32,221 304,722
2008 Q1[56] 3,858 4,312 18,400 1,726 - - - 4,113 32,408 294,283
2007 Q4[56] 4,374 4,025 22,903 1,928 - - - 3,536 36,766 330,055
2007 Q3[57] 4,180 3,192 20,664 1,104 - - - 3,612 32,752 291,142
2007 Q2[58] 3,212 2,471 18,273 270 - - - 3,628 27,855 272,604
2007 Q1[56] 2,931 2,080 15,844 - - - - 4,087 24,943 259,039
Gartner: World-wide smartphone sales (% of smartphones / % of all phones)
Year Windows Mobile RIM Symbian iOS Android Bada Windows Phone Other Smartphones Total Smartphones
2015 H1 - 0.37% / 0.27% - 16.26% / 11.95% 80.52% / 59.16% - 2.47% / 1.82% 0.38% / 0.28% 100.0% / 73.48%
2014[9] - 0.6% / 0.4% - 15.4% / 10.2% 80.7% / 53.4% - 2.8% / 1.9% 0.5% / 0.3% 100.0% / 66.2%
2013[59] - 1.9% / 1.0% - 15.6% / 8.3% 78.4% / 42.0% - 3.2% / 1.7% 0.9% / 0.5% 100.0% / 57.6%
2012[59] - 5.0% / 2.0% - 19.1% / 7.4% 66.4% / 25.9% - 2.5% / 1.0% 6.9% / 2.7% 100.0% / 38.9%
2011 N/A
2010[60] - 16.0% / 3.0% 37.6% / 7.0% 15.7% / 2.9% 22.7% / 4.2% - 4.2% / 0.8% 3.8% / 0.7% 100.0% / 18.6%
2009[60] 8.7% / 1.2% 19.9% / 2.8% 46.9% / 6.7% 14.4% / 2.1% 3.9% / 0.6% - - 6.1% / 0.9% 100.0% / 14.2%
2008[61] 11.8% / 1.3% 16.6% / 1.9% 52.4% / 6.0% 8.2% / 0.9% 0.5% / 0.1% - - 10.5% / 1.2% 100.0% / 11.4%
2007[62] 12.0% / 1.3% 9.6% / 1.0% 63.5% / 6.7% 2.7% / 0.3% - - - 12.1% / 1.3% 100.0% / 10.6%
See table below for source data
IDC: World-wide smartphone shipments (millions of units; % of smartphones)
Quarter Android[30] Android iOS iOS Symbian[29] Symbian BlackBerry OS BlackBerry Linux[63] Linux Windows Phone Windows Phone Other Other Total
2015 Q2[64] 282.76 82.80% 47.3 13.9% - 0.00% 1.02 0.30% - 0.00% 8.8 2.60% 1.37 0.40% 341.5
2015 Q1[65] 260.8 78.00% 61.2 18.30% - 0.00% 1.00 0.30% - 0.00% 9.03 2.70% 2.34 0.70% 334.4
2014 Q4[66] 289.1 76.58% 74.5 19.74% - 0.00% 1.40 0.37% - 0.00% 10.70 2.83% 1.80 0.48% 377.5
2014 Q3[67] 283.0 84.48% 39.2 11.70% - 0.00% 1.68 0.50% - 0.00% 9.72 2.90% 2.00 0.60% 335.0
2014 Q2[68] 255.3 84.73% 35.2 11.68% - 0.00% 1.5 0.50% - 0.00% 7.4 2.46% 1.9 0.63% 301.3
2014 Q1[69] 234.1 81.20% 43.8 15.20% - 0.00% 1.4 0.50% - 0.00% 7.2 2.50% 2.0 0.70% 288.3
2013 Q4[70] 226.1 78.07% 51.0 17.61% - 0.00% 1.7 0.59% - 0.00% 8.8 3.04% 2.0 0.69% 289.6
2013 Q3[71] 211.6 81.04% 33.8 12.95% - 0.00% 4.5 1.72% - 0.00% 9.5 3.64% 1.7 0.65% 261.1
2013 Q2[72] 187.4 79.27% 31.2 13.20% 0.5 0.21% 6.8 2.88% 1.8 0.76% 8.7 3.68% 0.0 0.00% 236.4
2013 Q1[73] 162.1 74.98% 37.4 17.30% 1.2 0.56% 6.3 2.91% 2.1 0.97% 7.0 3.24% 0.1 0.05% 216.2
2012 Q4[74] 159.8 70.15% 47.8 20.98% 2.7 1.19% 7.4 3.25% 3.8 1.67% 6.0 2.63% 0.3 0.13% 227.8
2012 Q3[75] 136.0 75.10% 26.9 14.85% 4.1 2.26% 7.7 4.25% 2.8 1.55% 3.6 1.99% 0.0 0.00% 181.1
2012 Q2[76] 104.8 68.05% 26.0 16.88% 6.8 4.42% 7.4 4.81% 3.5 2.27% 5.4 3.51% 0.1 0.06% 154.0
2012 Q1[77] 89.9 59.03% 35.1 23.05% 10.4 6.83% 9.7 6.37% 3.5 2.30% 3.3 2.17% 0.4 0.26% 152.3
2011 Q4[74] 83.4 52.85% 36.3 23.00% 18.3 11.60% 12.8 8.11% 3.8 2.41% 2.4 1.52% 0.8 0.51% 157.8
2011 Q3[75] 67.7 57.32% 16.3 13.80% 17.3 14.65% 11.3 9.57% 3.9 3.30% 1.4 1.19% 0.1 0.08% 118.1
2011 Q2[76] 50.8 46.86% 20.4 18.82% 18.3 16.88% 12.5 11.53% 3.3 3.04% 2.5 2.31% 0.6 0.55% 108.4
2011 Q1[77] 36.7 36.12% 18.6 18.31% 26.4 25.98% 13.8 13.58% 3.2 3.15% 2.6 2.56% 0.3 0.30% 101.6

Market Share by Country or Region

Kantar Worldpanel: ComTech smartphone OS market share (% of smartphones)
Region USA EU5[78] China Australia Russia Brazil
Quarter iOS Android Windows iOS Android Windows iOS Android Windows iOS Android Windows iOS Android Windows iOS Android Windows
2015 Q3[79] 29.2% 65.9% 3.9% 14.4% 74.0% 10.6% 19.1% 77.4% 3.0% 36.8% 54.5% 7.4% 10.5% 75.9% 11.5% 4.0% 91.4% 4.7%
2015 Q2[79] 30.5% 66.1% 3.0% 17.5% 71.3% 10.0% 20.1% 79.0% 0.5% 34.6% 57.6% 6.4% 11.4% 75.8% 10.9% 3.8% 89.0% 5.5%
2015 Q1[79] 36.5% 58.1% 4.3% 20.3% 68.4% 9.9% 26.1% 72.0% 1.2% 38.4% 52.3% 7.3% 13.4% 73.2% 11.2% 3.3% 89.6% 6.3%
2014 Q4[80] 47.7% 47.6% 3.8% 24.1% 66.1% 8.9% 21.5% 77.0% 0.7% 45.1% 43.7% 9.2% 14.8% 71.2% 10.6% 5.5% 89.0% 4.0%
2014 Q3[81] 32.6% 61.8% 4.3% 15.4% 73.9% 9.2% 15.2% 83.4% 0.4% 34.7% 58.1% 6.2% - - - 6.1% 88.2% 3.6%
2014 Q2[82] 31.5% 62.0% 3.8% 15.3% 74.0% 8.8% 12.8% 84.3% 0.9% 25.5% 68.0% 5.3% - - - 3.9% 89.0% 4.5%
2014 Q1[83] 35.9% 57.6% 5.3% 19.2% 70.7% 8.1% 17.9% 80.0% 1.0% 33.1% 57.3% 6.9% - - - 3.0% 87.6% 5.5%
2013 Q4[84] 43.9% 50.6% 4.3% 18.5% 68.6% 10.3% 19.0% 78.6% 1.1% 35.2% 57.2% 5.2% - - - 4.2% 86.7% 4.0%
2013 Q3[85] 35.9% 57.3% 4.6% 14.6% 71.9% 9.8% 13.8% 81.1% 2.5% 32.9% 55.3% 9.3% - - - 4.3% 83.8% 3.4%
2013 Q2[86] 42.5% 51.5% 4% 18.5% 69.8% 6.9% 24.7% 67.8% 4.9% 27.6% 64.6% 5.3% - - - 3.5% 79.8% 6.2%
2013 Q1[87] 43.7% 49.3% 5.6% 19.4% 68.8% 6.5% 24.6% 69.4% 2% 31% 61.7% 4.1% - - - 5.8% 76.7% 4.7%
2012 Q4[88] 51.2% 44.2% 2.6% 25.6% 61.1% 5.4% 21.9% 72.5% 0.9% 38.4% 55.8% 2.8% - - - 4.2% 68.2% 8.0%
2012 Q4[89] 35.7% 57.5% 2.9% 16.5% 67.1% 4.9% 18.6% 65.2% 5.7% 23.2% 67.1% 4.9% - - - 5.4% 58.1% 8.0%
2012 Q2[86] 39.2% 52.6% 2.9% 16.2% 64.5% 4.7% 26.7% 60.7% 6.2% 27.5% 60.8% 5.2% - - - 2.9% 49.0% 5.4%
2012 Q1[87] 44.6% 47.9% 3.7% 20.4% 58.1% 4.1% - - - 33.8% 52.9% 3.3% - - - 5.3% 48.3% 3.8%

Mobile internet traffic share

As of November 2013, mobile data usage showed 55.17% of mobile data traffic to be from iOS, 33.89% from Android, 4.49% from Java ME (Nokia S40), 4.12% from Symbian, 1.65% from Windows Phone and 1% from BlackBerry.[90] Many mobile browsers such as Internet Explorer Mobile, Firefox for Mobile, and Google Chrome can be switched to "Desktop view" by users, which identifies devices with the analogous desktop versions of those browsers. In these cases, the mobile usage would be excluded from these statistics.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Thom Holwerda, OSNews, 12 November 2013, The second operating system hiding in every mobile phone
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Balky carriers and slow OEMs step aside: Google is defragging Android. Ars Technica. Retrieved 2013-12-24.
  8. ↑ http://techcrunch.com/2015/02/26/apple-eating-all-the-profits/
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Welcome to Tizen!. Tizen.org (2011-09-27). Retrieved on 2012-07-03.
  14. ↑ Ricker, Thomas. (2011-09-28)MeeGo is dead: Meet Tizen, another new open source OS based on Linux. Thisismynext.com. Retrieved on 2012-07-03.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ Samsung scraps Bada OS, folds it into Tizen - FierceMobileIT. Fiercemobilecontent.com (2013-02-25). Retrieved on 2013-12-09.
  17. ↑ http://www.theverge.com/2014/7/17/5912289/microsoft-kills-feature-phones-in-favor-of-windows-phone
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ 2010 Q4 contains insignificant part of Windows Phone devices
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 not including low cost devices
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 including low cost devices
  31. ↑ 2011 Q2 and the more contains insignificant part of Windows Mobile devices
  32. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  35. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  37. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  38. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  39. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  40. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  41. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  42. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  43. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  44. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  45. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  46. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  52. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  53. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  54. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  55. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 56.2 56.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  61. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  62. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  63. ↑ including Bada OS
  64. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  65. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  66. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  67. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  68. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  69. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  70. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  71. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  72. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  73. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  75. ↑ 75.0 75.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  76. ↑ 76.0 76.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  77. ↑ 77.0 77.1 Android- and iOS-Powered Smartphones Expand Their Share of the Market in the First Quarter, According to IDC \u2013 prUS23503312. Idc.com (2012-05-24). Retrieved on 2012-07-03.
  78. ↑ including Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy and Spain
  79. ↑ 79.0 79.1 79.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  80. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  81. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  82. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  83. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  84. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  85. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  86. ↑ 86.0 86.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  87. ↑ 87.0 87.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  88. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  89. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  90. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

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