Mount Panorama Circuit

Mount Panorama

The Mountain
Location	Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
Time zone	GMT +10
Coordinates
Opened	17 April 1938
Major events	Current Bathurst 1000 Bathurst 12 Hour Bathurst Motor Festival Former Australian Grand Prix Aust. Touring Car Champ. Australian motorcycle Grand Prix Australian Tourist Trophy Australian Drivers' Champ. Bathurst 24 Hour
Current Circuit
Length	6.213 km (3.861 mi)
Turns	23
Lap record	2:02.6701 (Simon Hodge, Mygale M11 Mercedes-Benz, 2014, Australian Formula 3)
Original Circuit
Length	6.172 km (3.835 mi)
Turns	20
Lap record	2:09.7 (Niel Allen, McLaren M10B-Chevrolet, 1970, Formula 5000)

The public entrance to the Circuit at Murray's Corner

Mount Panorama, Motor Racing Circuit Bathurst (also known as Wahluu by the Wiradjuri people, or often simply Bathurst) is a motor racing track located in Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia. It is best known as the home of the Bathurst 12 Hour motor race, held each February, and the Bathurst 1000 motor race, held each October. The track is 6.213 km (4 mi) long, and is technically a street circuit, as the circuit is a public road when no racing events are being run, and there are many residences which can only be accessed from the circuit.

The track is an unusual design by modern standards, with a 174-metre (570-foot) vertical difference between its highest and lowest points, and grades as steep as 1:6.13. From the start-finish line, the track can be viewed in three sections; the short pit straight and then a tight left turn into the long, steep Mountain straight; the tight, narrow section across the top of the mountain itself; and then the long, downhill section of Conrod Straight, with the very fast Chase and the turn back onto pit straight to complete the lap.

Historically, the racetrack has been used for a wide variety of racing categories, including everything from open-wheel racers to motorcycles. However, the factors that make the track so unusual, and tighter modern safety standards, make it unlikely that major race meetings in these categories will be held there again, and as such it has become the near-exclusive province of closed-bodied cars.

As a public road, on non-race days and when it is not closed off during the day as part of a racing event, Mount Panorama is open to the public. Cars can drive in both directions around the circuit for no charge. However, a strict speed limit of 60 km/h (37 mph) is enforced, and police regularly patrol the circuit.

The Circuit

The Mount Panorama Circuit is known as one of the most fearsome circuits in the World. It also has the fastest corner in touring car racing, in turn 20 (the Chase). French sportscar driver Alexandre Premat, who later raced as a V8 Supercar regular, once described the circuit as "A mix of the (Nürburgring) Nordschleife, Petit Le Mans and Laguna Seca". German Maro Engel also described the circuit as the "Blue Hell", as a play on the Nurburgring's nickname "Green Hell".

The Pit Straight

The Pit straight of Mount Panorama, which is adjacent to the pit complex, has a different start line and finish line. For the standing start only, the start line is 143m closer to Hell Corner so that all the pit bays are located after the finish line for lap counting purposes. The start line is located where it is so that traffic does not go too far around Murray's Corner when the start grid is formed.

Hell Corner

The common misperception of nomenclature due to the accidents that happen at this turn are widespread. Hell Corner was so named after the tree stump that existed on the apex of turn one, it was believed that any motor bike riders who hit the stump would die in an act of folly and thereby be doomed to an eternity of death.

Mountain Straight

Mountain Straight is a long straight that begins the climb up the mountain towards Griffins Bend. V8 Supercars reach speeds up to 250 km/h (155 mph) as drivers race over the crest immediately prior to braking for Griffins Bend. In the days before modern aerodynamics, drivers would have to lift off the throttle to prevent becoming airborne over the crest halfway up the straight. The crest also caused problems during the old Easter motorbike races at the circuit with a number of riders having serious crashes due to not lifting before the crest and their bikes becoming airborne.

Griffins Bend

Also known as GTX Bend (the corner's first sponsor), Griffins Bend was named after the Mayor of Bathurst whose vision it was to create the scenic road/race-track. Drivers heading around this right-hander have to be careful not to drift too far out of this negatively cambered turn and hit the wall upon exit. Allan Moffat spun his Ford XA Falcon GT Hardtop here in 1973, narrowly being missed by a couple of Minis he had just passed going up Mountain Straight.

The Cutting

Referred to for many years as "BP Cutting", this is a pair of left hand corners, leading into a steep 1:6 grade exit. Overtaking is virtually impossible here, and it is very hard to recover from a spin here because of the narrow room and steep gradient. This corner was the location of the infamous 'race rage' incident between Marcos Ambrose and Greg Murphy, after Murphy and Ambrose collided when both drivers refused to give the other "racing room" during the 2005 Supercheap Auto 1000, Ambrose's last for ten years as he embarked on a nine-year career overseas. Murphy retired after the 2014 season, a year before Ambrose's return in 2015.

Reid Park

After exiting the Cutting, drivers have a right hand turn, heading up, then into a left hand turn. This is Reid Park, named after the Bathurst City Engineer Hughie Reid, who re-designed sections of the track to be more suitable for Motor Racing. One of the most famous incidents in the history of the Bathurst 1000 occurred here when Dick Johnson crashed his Ford XD Falcon out of the lead on lap 18 of the 1980 Hardie-Ferodo 1000. Johnson was unable to avoid a large rock that had fallen from the spectator area as he was passing a quick-lift tow truck at the time and had no where else to go. The car was destroyed after running over the rock and hitting the outside concrete wall which the car almost leapt (this wall had only been put in place prior to the 1979 Hardie-Ferodo 1000, prior to which the fence had consisted of railway sleepers and fence posts), taking with it Johnson's means of supporting his racing ambitions. An emotional public appeal followed during the race's telecast which re-launched Johnson's career.

Sulman Park

After Reid Park, drivers brave a steep drop, flowing into a climbing left hand turn, heading back towards the highest point of Mount Panorama. This is also the location of Sulman Park and its Nature Park. Peter Brock had his first major crash at Bathurst here when he crashed his Holden Racing Team VP Commodore into retirement on lap 138 of the 1994 Tooheys 1000. Jason Bright crashed here in his Ford EL Falcon in practice during the 1998 FAI 1000, then saw the car rebuilt in time to scrape into qualifying in the dying minutes before Bright and Steven Richards went on to victory. This corner was also the scene of a crash in a support race in 2006 that claimed the life of Mark Porter.

McPhillamy Park

McPhillamy Park is a downhill, deceptively fast left hand turn which is guarded by a crest prior to turn-in, rendering the corner blind to approaching drivers. Drivers have to stay close to the wall while turning so as not to go out wide upon exit. To go too close, however, may cause the car to clip the inside kerbing, which Allan Moffat famously did in practice for the 1986 James Hardie 1000, crashing the Holden Commodore he shared with longtime rival Peter Brock head on to the concrete. McPhillamy Park is the location of the longest-running campsite for those who camp at the track (sometimes for over a week in advance of a race). The park was named after Walter J. McPhillamy, a previous mayor of the Bathurst City Council and the owner of most of the land occupied by the Bald Hills which was donated.

McPhillamy was the site of Bill Brown's fearsome rollover during the 1971 Hardie-Ferodo 500 when the front right tyre on his Ford Falcon GTHO Phase III blew at over 100 mph (161 km/h), sending Brown up an earth bank before barrel-rolling along the fence. A pair of marshals stationed at the point were lucky to escape being hit after taking evasive action. Amazingly, Brown suffered only minor cuts and bruises in the accident largely due to the driver's seat breaking in the initial impact. The famous corner was also the site of the crash between the Falcons of Bob Morris and Christine Gibson that blocked the track and stopped the 1981 James Hardie 1000 on lap 120, 43 laps short of race distance giving Dick Johnson and John French the win.

Brock's Skyline

A short straight connects McPhillamy to the next corner. Named 'Brock's Skyline' after nine-time Bathurst 1000 winner Peter Brock, Skyline is a sharply descending right hand corner which signifies the beginning of the descent from the top of the Mountain. The corner acquired the name from the visual effect of looking upwards at the corner from below, such is the sharpness of that initial plunge. During the 1970 Hardie-Ferodo 500, 1969 co-winner Tony Roberts lost control of his Ford Falcon GTHO and launched over Skyline backwards, tumbling down the hillside.

The Esses

The Esses are the series of corners which begin at Skyline and stretch down the Mountain towards Forrest's Elbow. There have been many notable accidents at this part of the circuit, including a blockage of the track in 2003 when Jason Bargwanna made contact with David Brabham. The most famous of the Esses, the Dipper (the third in the sequence), is a sharp left hand corner so named because, before safety changes were made, there was a dip in the road surface and a steep drop not far from the edge of the road, and many cars were able to get two wheels off of the ground.

Forrest's Elbow

File:Forestelbow.jpg

The summit, looking from Forrest's Elbow to Skyline and beyond.

'The Elbow' – named after Jack Forrest, a motorcycle racer who scraped his elbow away after laying down his bike – is a slow, descending left-hand turn that leads on to the long Conrod Straight. The corner's line drifts towards the outside wall on exit and drivers have to be careful of getting too close. It was just past here that Dick Johnson clipped a tyre barrier just after exiting the corner during the pole qualifying session for the 1983 James Hardie 1000, which resulted in the breaking of the car's steering, sending his Ford Falcon careening off into a grove of trees and demolishing the car. This is also where Craig Lowndes aquaplaned into the tyre wall in 2001. Chaz Mostert had a severe accident here at the 2015 Supercheap Auto Bathurst 1000 during qualifying. Mostert clipped the inside wall on the run down to Forrest's Elbow, ricocheting the car into the outside wall before it eventually mounted a concrete barrier and clipped the roof of a marshals' post. The car then slid down the track and came to a halt at the apex of Forrest's Elbow. The accident saw the entry withdrawn from the event and caused qualifying to be red flagged and postponed. Mostert broke both his leg and left wrist during the crash.

Conrod Straight

Formerly known as Main Straight, Conrod Straight was so named because of a con-rod failure that ended the 1939 Easter race of Frank Kleinig in his Kleinig/Hudson racecar. At 1.916 km, the Conrod Straight is the fastest section of Mount Panorama, with today's V8 Supercars just reaching 300 km/h (186 mph). The straight is a roller-coaster ride featuring two distinct crests, the second of which was rebuilt in 1987. It has been on Conrod where five of the six car-racing deaths on the circuit have occurred – Bevan Gibson, Tom Sulman, Mike Burgmann, Denny Hulme and Don Watson. All except 1967 Formula One World Champion Denny Hulme (heart attack) died in high-speed accidents. However, the chicane introduced into Conrod Straight has made it one of the fastest turns in the world. Most drivers arrive at the initial part of the chicane at over 290 km/h (180 mph). Prior to the introduction of The Chase in 1987, Conrod was a mile long straight where the faster cars were getting airborne over the second hump, which was a contributing factor in Burgmann's accident.

The fastest ever speed recorded by a touring car on the old straight was by Scotland's Tom Walkinshaw driving a V12 Jaguar XJS during qualifying for the 1984 James Hardie 1000. Walkinshaw was timed at 290 km/h (180 mph). Ironically, while the Chase was introduced in an effort to reduce terminal speeds on Conrod, by the 1990 Tooheys 1000, the turbocharged Ford Sierra RS500's were achieving higher speeds than pre-1987 with Tony Longhurst reportedly being timed at 295 km/h (183 mph) during official qualifying for the race.

The Chase

The Chase, Murray's corner and the home straight

Known for many years as 'Caltex Chase', this three turn sequence was added in preparation for the World Touring Car Championship round in 1987. The section was dedicated to Mike Burgmann, who had died in an accident at the chicane's spot the previous year. Burgmann's death (the first Bathurst 1000 fatality) had prompted the building of The Chase. It interrupts Conrod Straight with a fast right hand bend that international motorsport commentator Mike Joy compared to Road America's fearsome Kink during a United States broadcast of the Great Race in 2011, descending to the right away from the dangerous crest prior to the spectator bridge, before a sharp 120 km/h (75 mph) left hand bend then second right hand corner returns the competitors to Conrod Straight for the blast down to Murray's Corner. This corner was the scene of Peter Brock's only rollover in his motor racing career when he rolled his Vauxhall Vectra during practice for the 1997 AMP Bathurst 1000. The Chase has been the scene of numerous other rollover accidents: Tomas Mezera during the 1997 Bathurst 1000, John Cleland during the 2004 Bathurst 1000, Len Cave during the 2008 WPS Bathurst 12 Hour, V8 Ute driver Allan Letcher in a support race during the 2009 Bathurst 1000 and Fabian Coulthard during the 2010 Bathurst 1000.

46-year-old Don Watson was killed in an accident at the Chase during qualifying for the 1994 Bathurst 1000 when his Holden VP Commodore blew a brake disc when he attempted to slow for the kink, leaving him without brakes and limited steering for the fastest corner in Australian motor sport. His car failed to slow and take the right hand kink, instead continuing at undiminished speed across the sand trap before hitting the tyre wall head on before flipping violently on its roof onto the wall. Watson initially survived the crash but later died from his injuries in Bathurst Base Hospital. The accident occurred in front of former race winners Peter Brock and England's Win Percy who described it as a "major accident".

Murray's Corner

Murray's Corner is the final corner before Pit Straight and the lowest point of the circuit. It is a 90 degree left hand turn, and is a favourite overtaking spot as drivers hold braking duels for the corner. It was previously called Pit Corner before Bill Murray crashed his Hudson racing car there in 1946.

Lap records

The fastest lap ever recorded at Mount Panorama was achieved in March 2011. As part of a publicity exercise for the 2011 Australian Grand Prix and for the team's sponsors Vodafone, McLaren brought an MP4-23 Formula One car for Jenson Button and Craig Lowndes to drive around the track. The fastest lap was recorded by Button at 1:48.88, but as it was not recorded during an official race it does not count as the official lap record. During the 2015 Liqui Moly Bathurst 12 Hour, German driver Markus Winkelhock set a 2:03.3091 lap in the #15 Phoenix Racing Audi R8 LMS Ultra GT3.

Kevin Bartlett set the first ever 100 mph (161 km/h) lap of the Mount Panorama Circuit at the Easter meeting in 1967 driving a Repco Brabham BT11A, recording a 2:17.7 lap. For his achievement he was awarded 25 bottles of champagne. Later in the weekend he won the NSW State Road Racing Championship and lowered his lap record to 2:17.4, which earned him another 100 bottles. With a time of 2:17.8, Allan Grice set the first 100 mph lap of the circuit for a touring car (under Group C regulations) during qualifying for the 1982 James Hardie 1000 driving a V8 powered Holden VH Commodore SS. Four years later at the 1986 James Hardie 1000, Grice also set the first 100 mph lap in a Group A touring car driving a Holden VK Commodore SS Group A, recording a 2:16.16 in official qualifying.

The current official lap record is held by Formula Three driver Simon Hodge at 2:02.6701 set on 20 April 2014. Hodge was driving a Mygale M11-Mercedes-Benz Formula Three. The fastest ever lap of the pre-1987 circuit was a 2:09.7 set by Formula 5000 driver Neil Allan in 1970 driving a McLaren M10B-Chevrolet.

Lap records for the various racing classes are:

Class	Driver	Vehicle	Time	Date
Outright	Simon Hodge	Mygale M11-Mercedes-Benz	2:02.6701	20 April 2014
Racing Cars
Formula Three	Simon Hodge	Mygale M11-Mercedes-Benz	2:02.6701	20 April 2014
Formula 5000	Niel Allen	McLaren M10B-Chevrolet	2:09.7†	30 March 1970
Formula Ford	Anton De Pasquale	Mygale SJ08a-Ford	2:17.9144	5 October 2012
Formula Ford 1600	Neil McFayden	Van Diemen RF94-Ford	2:24.1300	11 October 2002
Formula Vee	Benjamin Porter	Checkmate JP02	2:43.2401	5 February 2012
Sports Cars
GT3 Sports Cars	Markus Winkelhock	Audi R8 LMS Ultra GT3	2:03.3091	8 February 2015
Carrera Cup	Matt Campbell	Porsche 997 GT3 Cup	2:07.4299	11 October 2015
Radical Cup	Neale Muston	Radical SR8	2:07.7654	8 February 2014
Nations Cup	Garth Tander	Holden Monaro 427C	2:14.3267	17 November 2002
Production Sports	Scott Bargwanna	Lotus Elise HPE	2:15.5791	23 April 2011
Aussie Racing Cars	Adrian Flack	Euro GT-Yamaha	2:32.0659	9 October 2015
Historic Sports Cars
Group Sc	Geoff Morgan	Porsche 911 Carrera	2:37.3053	11 April 2009
Group Sb	G. Williams	Morgan Plus 8	2:45.4592	11 April 2009
Group Sa	Peter Jackson	Austin-Healey 3000 MkI	2:49.8157	12 April 2009
Touring Cars
Dunlop V8 Supercar	Paul Dumbrell	Holden VE Commodore	2:06.7352	10 October 2015
V8 Supercar	Jamie Whincup	Holden VF Commodore	2:07.1226	11 October 2015
Sports Sedan	Keith Carling	Nissan 300ZX-Chevrolet	2:13.8300	2 October 1992
Group A	Mark Skaife	Nissan Skyline GT-R R32	2:14.50	6 October 1991
Group C	Peter Brock	Holden VK Commodore	2:15.13†	30 September 1984
Group A	Allan Grice	Holden VK Commodore SS Group A	2:18.99†	5 October 1986
Super Touring	Jason Plato	Renault Laguna	2:16.8034	5 October 1997
NASCAR	Jim Richards	Chevrolet Lumina	2:18.1027	24 February 1996
Improved Production	Ray Hislop	Ford BF Falcon	2:21.0093	7 February 2015
GT Production	Neil Crompton	Ferrari F355	2:24.6065	14 November 1998
Mini Challenge	Jason Bargwanna	Mini Cooper S	2:30.2732	11 October 2008
Commodore Cup	Steve Owen	Holden VS Commodore	2:30.7639	24 April 2011
V8 Utes	Kris Walton	Ford Falcon XR8	2:31.1318	12 October 2014
Saloon Cars	Shawn Jamieson	Holden VT Commodore	2:35.9685	23 April 2011
Group E Series Production	Allan Moffat	Ford Falcon XY GTHO Phase III	2:36.5†	1 October 1972
HQ Holden	Peter Holmes	HQ Holden	2:56.0330	19 October 1997
Historic Touring Cars
Touring Car Masters	Steven Johnson	Ford Mustang Trans-Am	2:18.5062	10 October 2015
Group Nc	Paul Stubber	Chevrolet Camaro	2:28.1630	6 October 2006
Group Nb	Jervis Ward	Ford Mustang	2:37.4101	7 October 2005
Group Na	K. Smith	MG ZA Magnette	3:21.3310	11 April 2009
Motorcycles
Formula Xtreme	Kevin Curtain	Yamaha YZF-R1	2:15.45	23 April 2000
Superbike	Kevin Curtain	Yamaha YZF-R1	2:15.83	23 April 2000
Sidecar	G. Biggs/ L. Genova	LCR Krauser	2:30.28	10 April 1993

^† - time was set on the original 6.172 km (3.835 mi) layout.

Upgrades

In 2012, the New South Wales state government announced that the circuit would receive debris fencing to the pit wall to comply with FIA rules for 2013. The circuit will also have two new grandstands for 2012 at the Chase (grandstand will be called 'The Chase') and at Murrays Corner (grandstand will be called 'The Museum'). These grandstands were built specifically for the predicted record crowds to attend the 50th running of the Supercheap Auto Bathurst 1000 in 2012.

Notable races

Cars on track during the 2005 Bathurst 1000.

Main article: List of Mount Panorama races

The very first race held at the Mount Panorama Circuit was the 1938 Australian Grand Prix. Since that historic meeting the circuit has attracted some of the biggest races in the country. The Australian Grand Prix was held here three further times, in 1947, 1952 and 1958, and the circuit also played host to the Australian motorcycle Grand Prix for a significant portion of its pre-world championship life. The Australian Tourist Trophy also visited sporadically as well as numerous other Australian Championships. The circuit has been home to one of the world's classic endurance events, the Bathurst 1000, since 1963. This was the continuation of the event which began in 1960 at the Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit in Victoria. The race was 500 miles between its start at Phillip Island in 1960, and from 1963 to 1972 at Bathurst, before being changed to its current 1000 km format in 1973. Since 1999, the Bathurst 1000 has also become a round of the V8 Supercars (formerly Australian Touring Car Championship) calendar. In addition to this event, the circuit has hosted six sprint rounds of the championship; in 1966, 1969, 1970, 1972, 1995 and 1996. In more recent years, the circuit has also hosted longer endurance races including the Bathurst 24 Hour (2003-04) and the Bathurst 12 Hour (1991-94 and 2007 onwards) Since 2011, the Bathurst 12 Hour has become an internationally renowned GT3 race, and will become a part of the inaugural Intercontinental GT Challenge in 2016. The other major event currently held at the circuit is the Bathurst Motor Festival at Easter, which will include the newly-launched Bathurst 6 Hour in 2016.

The first motorsport event was a speed hillclimb held from Mountain Straight up to Reid Park. This event is still held today as a round of the New South Wales Hillclimb Championship.

In 2008, the circuit hosted the IGSA Gravity Sports World Championships: skateboard downhill and street luge downhill. The race began at Skyline and ended at Conrod Straight.

Racing deaths at Mount Panorama

Sixteen competitors have died during racing associated with Mount Panorama, including 1967 World Drivers' Champion Denny Hulme who died after suffering a fatal heart attack while at the wheel of his car. Two spectators were also killed in 1955 after being struck by a crashing car.

• 17 April 1949 Jack Johnson, MG TC, Easter races
• 6 April 1953 Billy Raymond Baldry Motorcycle race, Easter races
• 5 April 1958 Barry Halliday, Motorcycle, Bathurst Tourist Trophy
• 2 October 1960 Reg Smith, Porsche, Australian GT Championship
• 7 April 1969 Bevan Gibson, Elfin 400 Repco, Mount Panorama Trophy
• 30 March 1970 Tom Sulman, Lotus Eleven Climax, Sir Joseph Banks Trophy
• 2 April 1972 Lan Hog, sidecar, Bathurst tt race
• 17 April 1976 Ross Barelli, Suzuki RG500, Easter races
• 15 April 1979 Ron Toombs, Yamaha TZ 350F, Easter races
• Easter 1980 Rob Moorhouse, Easter motorcycle races
• Easter 1980 Alec Dick, Easter motorcycle races
• 5 October 1986 Mike Burgmann, Holden Commodore VK SS Group A, James Hardie 1000
• 4 October 1992 Denny Hulme, BMW M3 Evolution, Tooheys 1000
• April 1994 Jim Colligan, Sidecar, Australian Tourist Trophy
• April 1994 Ian Thornton, Sidecar, Australian Tourist Trophy
• 30 September 1994 Don Watson, Holden Commodore VP, Tooheys 1000
• 8 October 2006 Mark Porter, Holden Commodore VZ, Fujitsu V8 Supercar Series

External links

• Official Website
• Take a drive around Mt Panorama Circuit

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