Musidora

For the thoroughbred racehorse, see Musidora (horse). For the hamlet in Canada, see Musidora, Alberta. For the painting by William Etty, see Musidora: The Bather 'At the Doubtful Breeze Alarmed'.

Musidora
File:Musidora.jpg Musidora in a publicity still
Born	Jeanne Roques (1889-02-23)23 February 1889 Paris, France
Died	Paris, France
Occupation	Actress, director, writer
Years active	1909–1950
Spouse(s)	Dr. Clement Marot (1927–1944)

Jeanne Roques (23 February 1889 – 11 December 1957), better known by her stage name Musidora, was a French actress, film director and writer. She is best known for her acting in silent films, and rose to public attention for roles in the Louis Feuillade serials Les Vampires as Irma Vep and in Judex as Marie Verdier. Her vamp persona has been compared with that of Theda Bara.

Early life

Born Jeanne Roques in Paris, France and raised by a feminist mother and socialist father, Musidora began her career in the arts at an early age, writing her first novel at the age of fifteen and acting on the stage with the likes of Colette, one of her lifelong friends. During the very early years of French cinema Musidora began a professional collaboration with the highly successful French film director Louis Feuillade. But her first movie was Les miseres de l'aiguille, directed by Raphael Clamour in January 1914.

Adopting the moniker of Musidora (Greek for "gift of the muses"), after the heroine in Théophile Gautier's novel Fortunio, and affecting a unique vamp persona that would be popularized in the United States of America by actress Theda Bara at about the same time, Musidora soon found a foothold in the nascent medium of moving pictures. With her heavily kohled dark eyes, somewhat sinister make-up, pale skin and exotic wardrobes, Musidora quickly became a highly popular and instantly recognizable presence of European cinema.

Stardom

File:Musidora as Irma Vep.jpg

Musidora as the character "Irma Vep" in the 1915–1916 serial Les Vampires

Beginning in 1915, Musidora began appearing in the hugely successful Feuillade-directed serial Les Vampires as Irma Vep (an anagram of "vampire"), a cabaret singer, opposite Édouard Mathé as crusading journalist Philippe Guerande. Contrary to the title, Les Vampires was not actually about vampires, but about a criminal gang-cum-secret society inspired by the exploits of the real-life Bonnot Gang. Vep, besides playing a leading role in the Vampires' crimes, also spends two episodes under the hypnotic control of Moreno, a rival criminal who makes her his lover and induces her to assassinate the Grand Vampire.

The somewhat surreal series was an immediate success with French cinema-goers and ran in ten installments until 1916. After the Les Vampires serial, Musidora starred as "Diana Monti" in another popular Feuillade serial, Judex opposite René Cresté, filmed in 1916 but delayed for release until 1917 because of the outbreak of World War I. Though not intended to be "avant-garde", Les Vampires and Judex have been lauded by critics as the birth of avant-garde cinema and cited by such renowned filmmakers as Fritz Lang and Luis Buñuel as being extremely influential in their desire to become directors.

Other works

As well as acting, Musidora became a film producer and director under the tutelage of her mentor, Louis Feuillade. Between the late 1910s and early 1920s, she directed ten films, all of which are lost with the exception of two: 1922's Soleil et Ombre and 1924's La Terre des Taureaux, both of which were filmed in Spain. In Italy, she produced and directed La Flamme Cachee based on the work of her friend, Colette. At a time when many women in the film industry were relegated to acting, Musidora achieved a degree of success as a producer and director.

Later life

A graffiti mural on a rapid-transit in tribute to Musidora.

After her career as an actress faded, she focused on writing and producing. Her last film was an homage to her mentor Feuillade entitled La Magique Image in 1950, which she both directed and starred in. Late in her life she would occasionally work in the ticket booth of the Cinematheque Francaise—few patrons realized that the old woman in the foyer might be starring in the film they were watching. Musidora died in Paris, France in 1957 and was laid to rest in the Cimetière de Bois-le-Roi.

Personal life

Musidora married Dr. Clement Marot on 20 April 1927. The union lasted fifteen years and produced one child, Clement Marot Jr. The couple divorced in 1944.

Selected filmography

• The Jackals (1917)
• Mademoiselle Chiffon (1919)

External links

• Musidora at the Internet Movie Database
• Musidora at the Women Film Pioneers Project
• Musidora at Find a Grave
• Spirited Women in History at the Wayback Machine (archived 30 August 2005)
• Article on Les Vampires series