No-go area

A "No-go area" (or "no-go zone") is an area in a town barricaded off to civil authorities by a paramilitary force such as legal and illegal immigrants, or barred to certain outside individuals or groups. It has been used to refer to regions or places that are off-limits to everyone but a particular group, or which some people feel at risk visiting for whatever reason. In Europe these are mostly Muslim-controlled neighborhoods, both in the suburbs and in the inner cities. The term has also been used to refer to areas undergoing insurgency where ruling authorities have lost control and are unable to enforce sovereignty.

Historic no-go areas

Hong Kong

With no government enforcement from the Chinese or the British aside from a few raids by the Hong Kong Police, the Walled City became a haven for crime and drugs. It was only during a 1959 trial for a murder that occurred within the Walled City that the Hong Kong government was ruled to have jurisdiction there. By this time, however, the Walled City was virtually ruled by the organised crime syndicates known as Triads. Beginning in the 1950s, Triad groups such as the 14K and Sun Yee On gained a stranglehold on the Walled City's countless brothels, gambling parlors, and opium dens. The Walled City had become such a haven for criminals that police would venture into it only in large groups.

Mexico

See Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities

Rhodesia

The term "no-go area" has a military origin and was first used in the context of the Bush War in Rhodesia. The war was fought in the 1960s and 1970s between the army of the predominantly white minority Rhodesian government and communist-backed black nationalist groups.

Mozambique

During the independence struggle in Mozambique, Frelimo set up and defended no-go "liberated zones" in the north of the country.

The initial military strategy of the government was to seal the borders to prevent assistance to the guerrillas from other countries. However, with the end of Portuguese colonial rule in Angola and Mozambique, and especially the arrival of some 500,000 Cuban armed forces and tens of thousands of Soviet troops, this became untenable and the white minority government adopted an alternative strategy ("mobile counter offensive"). This involved defending only key economic areas, transport links ("vital asset ground"), and the white civilian population. The government lost control of the rest of the country to the guerilla forces, but carried out counter-guerilla operations including "free-fire attacks" in the so-called "no-go areas," where white civilians were advised not to go.

South Africa

Similar to Rhodesia, the term was used chiefly in the context of black liberation movements, like in the townships such as Soweto. However, the South African Defence Force was larger than the Rhodesian by orders of magnitude and backed by a white population of millions. As a result, there were few areas termed no-go in the sense of the military. Instead, the term was used to describe areas that white civilians should not go without the peril of their lives and police went only in heavy convoy.

Northern Ireland

Free Derry Corner, the gable wall which once marked the entrance to Free Derry

During the Troubles, the term was applied to urban areas in Northern Ireland where the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) and British Army could not operate openly. Between 1969 and 1972, Irish nationalist/republican neighborhoods in Belfast and Derry were sealed-off with barricades by residents. The areas were policed by vigilantes and the Irish Republican Army (IRA) operated openly. The most notable no-go area was Free Derry.

The areas' existence was a challenge to the authority of the British government. On 31 July 1972, the British Army demolished the barricades and re-established control in Operation Motorman. It was the biggest British military operation since the Suez Crisis. Although the areas were no longer barricaded, they remained areas where the British security forces found it difficult to operate and were regularly attacked. As a result, they entered only in armored convoys and in certain circumstances, such as to launch house raids. Police presence in these areas remained contentious into the 2000s and the main republican political party, Sinn Féin, refused to support the police. In 2007, however, the party voted to support the new Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI).

Turkey

After the 1980 Turkish coup d'état, the Turkish communist guerillas established "liberated" no-go zones.

Pakistan

The Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) were in actuality no-go areas for the Pakistani authorities, where the Pakistani police could not enter. The situation was changed temporarily with the United States invasion of Afghanistan in 2001, when the Pakistani government was supported by U.S. military forces. However, the areas reverted again into no-go zones with the 2005 Taliban resurgence. Even today, the FATA region is outside the jurisdiction of Pakistani law.

Contemporary no-go areas

The following are actual and/or alleged no-go areas.

Belgium

In the wake of the 2015 Paris Islamic terror attacks, the Molenbeek municipality in Brussels was described as a no-go Muslim area, where gang violence and Islamic radicalism was said to be out of control. The reason for the breakdown in civic order was said to be Molenbeek’s "marginalisation, despair and festering resentment of authority". In 2015 Belgium’s home affairs minister said that the government did not “have control of the situation in Molenbeek" and that the terrorists' links to this district were a "gigantic problem". Islamic terrorists operating out of the area set off large explosions at Brussels's international airport and a metro station in the 2016 Brussels bombings.

Denmark

According to Funen police, the burglaries committed by Islamic immigrants in the Vollsmose disctrict follow patterns of ethnic cleansing against native Danes. "There is a kind of racism out there, where we find that more and more Danes are chased out of the area. It happens as a result of a big increase in burglaries. There have been approximately 150 burglaries the last four months. What is striking is that nine out of ten burglaries are now directed against ethnic Danes." Danes from other parts of the country are stabbed just for walking into the ghetto zone.

Sweden

Further information: Vulnerable area

The Swedish government claims that "no-go zones" do not exist in Sweden. However, right-wing critics say the government is lying out of political correctness concerns, and to hide an ongoing process of Islamization in Sweden.

A 2016 report from the Swedish Police map 53 so called "exposed" areas (Utsatta områden) containing large numbers of Islamic immigrants, of which 15 were "particularly exposed". An "exposed area" is an area with "low socioeconomic status" and the area is affected by criminality. A "particularly exposed" area is defined by an unwillingness to participate in legal proceedings, difficulties for the police to carry out their mission, parallel social structures (including Sharia law), violent Muslim extremism and finally proximity to other exposed areas. These definitions are used to adapt their procedures when working in these areas, for example bringing certain equipment and working in pairs when in a "particularly exposed area".

In March 2015, journalist Henrik Höjer discussed the rise of non-native born criminality, especially organized crime, in various neighborhoods within Sweden since the mid-1990s, especially in the city of Malmö. He interviewed a police officer and task force chief who referred to such areas as "no go areas" and wrote that gangs of newcomers like to lay claim to an area by throwing stones at mailmen, police, firefighters and ambulances who enter the area.

In February 2016, a news crew for Australia's 60 Minutes working with anti-immigration activist Jan Sjunnesson reported having come under attack, including having stones thrown on them and a car running over the foot of a cameraman who was trying to prevent it from leaving in the immigrant-dominated district of Rinkeby of Stockholm. 60 Minutes published the video, on which reporter Liz Hayes states "there are now 55 declared no-go zones in Sweden."

A 10-minute December 2016 film by FoxNews.com's Ami Horowitz, Stockholm Syndrome, focused on violence by Muslim immigrants within Sweden, and included an interview with two policemen who seemed to confirm that there are no-go areas for police in Sweden. During the interview, one officer states, "If the police is chasing another car for some kind of crime, if they reach what we call 'no-go areas', the police won't go after it." The police officers later objected to the interview and said that their quotes had been taken out of context, and a videographer who worked on the film supported the officers' account, saying the video was cut together unethically. The documentary gained significant attention several months later when U.S. President Donald Trump indirectly alluded to it in a speech. The film as a whole, and its description of no-go areas, have both been disputed by sources within Sweden; the Swedish The Local quoted a police spokesperson as saying that, though there are areas "characterized by, among other things, the difficulty for the police to fulfill its duty", "There are no guidelines that the police should not visit these areas". The description of no-go zones was also disputed by Felipe Estrada Dörner, a criminology professor at Stockholm University.

In a 2017 interview with the Weekly Standard's Paulina Neuding, Gordon Grattidge, described as the head of the Swedish ambulance drivers' union, stated that there were mostly-Muslim areas where it is too dangerous for rescue workers to enter without police protection, using the English term "no-go zones" to describe them.

France

An early usage of the term regarding Europe was in a 2002 opinion piece by David Ignatius in The New York Times, where he wrote about France, "Arab gangs regularly vandalize synagogues here, the North African suburbs have become no-go zones at night, and the French continue to shrug their shoulders." La Courneuve and other districts in Paris were described by police as no-go zones.

In 2010, Raphaël Stainville of French newspaper Le Figaro called certain neighborhoods of the southern city Perpignan "veritable lawless zones", saying they had become too dangerous to travel in at night. He added that the same was true in parts of Béziers and Nîmes. In 2012, [[{{{1}}}]], the mayor of the French city Amiens, in the wake of several riots, called the northern part of his city a lawless zone, where one could no longer order a pizza or call for a doctor. In 2014, French academic and Syria expert Fabrice Balanche labelled the northern city of Roubaix, as well as parts of Marseille, "mini-Islamic states", saying that the authority of the state is completely absent there. American magazines Newsweek and The New Republic have also used the term to describe parts of France.

In January 2015, after the Charlie Hebdo shooting in Paris, various American media, including the news cable channels Fox News and CNN, described the existence of no-go zones across Europe and in France in particular, or featured guests that referred to them. In some cases, the French areas termed "sensitive urban zones" were described as no-go zones. Both networks were criticized for these statements, and anchors on both networks later apologized for the characterizations. The mayor of Paris, Anne Hidalgo, said that she intended to sue Fox News for its statements.

United Kingdom

In 2012, Professor Hamid Ghodse of the United Nations' International Narcotics Control Board included mostly-Muslim areas of Birmingham, Manchester and Liverpool as "no-go areas" run by drug traffickers, comparing them to Brazilian favelas. Local police forces denied the claims, though they were accused of lying by British white nationalist activists.

In January 2015, Louisiana Governor Bobby Jindal said in a speech in London, England, that Muslim immigrants were seeking "to colonize Western countries, because setting up your own enclave and demanding recognition of a no-go zone are exactly that." When he was asked for evidence of "no-go zones," Jindal pointed to an article in the Daily Mail which said "killings, sexual abuse of minors and female genital mutilation are believed to go unreported to local police in some areas" in England. During an interview, Katie Hopkins - who defended presidential candidate Donald Trump's plan to ban Muslims from the US - said she could not name areas of Britain that were no-go areas because it would not be "legally accurate".

In 2015 Fox News received strong criticism from left-wing protesters and immigration-rights activists for airing statements by Steven Emerson that Birmingham was a "no-go area" for non-Muslims, despite less than a quarter of the population identifying as Muslim. British Prime Minister David Cameron described Emerson as "clearly a complete idiot", however Cameron himself was then described as a "traitor" by white residents of these areas and others. Ofcom, the broadcasting regulator later found Fox News breached broadcasting regulations over the comments. Ofcom identified the comments as "materially misleading and had the potential to cause harm and offence to viewers" and described Fox News' behaviour as "a serious breach for a current affairs programme", though critics called Ofcom a left-wing propaganda agency guilty of willful lying for this and other alleged pro-migraton findings.

Germany

A sociology paper published in 2009 said that right-wing extremists had been discussing the creation of no-go areas in Western Europe in response to the creation of such zones by Muslim immigrants since the 1980s. It described attempts to create "national liberated zones" (Schafft national befreite Zonen) in Germany: 'no-go-areas', which would be areas controlled by white nationalists from which non-Germans were to be expelled, attributing their appeal in the former DDR to "the unmet promises of modernisation and the poor socio-cultural conditions that offer no perspectives to young people". Whether or not Germany actually had Islamic no-go zones was disputed by left-wing political figures: the paper concluded "according to ... state officials, the police and other relevant institutions, [the phenomenon of no-go zones] does not actually exist ... by contrast, the national press in Germany, various civic associations, and also experts acknowledge and give examples of the existence of no-go areas."

In a 2011 interview, [[{{{1}}}]], then president of the German police union Gewerkschaft der Polizei, stated that some areas in Germany, mostly with a high immigrant population, had become no-go areas where police feared to enter.

United States

In April 2011, after the murder of two British tourists in Sarasota, Florida, local police said the two victims were shot dead in a high-crime African American residential neighborhood that was seen as a "no-go" area for tourists.

Malaysia

The Gaya Island is a location of a well-known illegal Filipino colony, called Kampung Lok Urai, with stilt houses girdling the beach. Both the Malaysian federal government and the Sabah state government do not officially recognise the settlement and the inhabitants as the inhabitants are known as illegal immigrants. It has a 6,000 floating population of largely Filipinos Suluk and Bajau. It is considered a dangerous, high crime or "no-go" area by the police and the locals.

Brazil

Some favelas in Brazil, most notably in Rio de Janeiro, are controlled by gangs with automatic weapons. Police and investigative reporters have been tortured and killed there, such as Tim Lopes in 2002. Attempts at clearing up such areas have led to security crises in Rio as well as in São Paulo.

Criticism

Authors writing for The Atlantic and Business Week magazines, Media Matters for America, and the website Snopes.com have criticized the concept and the public discussion of "no-go zones" regarding locations in Europe, accusing users of the term of being opposed to immigration out of misplaced ethno-nationalist concerns, and of being guilty of racism and Islamophobia. Snopes.com in particular has created many articles criticizing news stories and other reports written by white nationalists detailing violence committed by immigrants and Black on White violence, such as the murders of Channon Christian and Christopher Newsom, considering such discussions unseemly and suspect.

See also

• Exclusion zone
• Kowloon Walled City
• Lazarat
• Neutral Moresnet
• Sharia patrols, an attempt to create an Islamic no-go area in London