Outline of ancient India

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to ancient India:

Ancient India – India as it existed from the pre-historic times (c. 7000 BC or earlier) to the start of the Middle Ages (c. 500 AD).^[1]

Geography of ancient India

Ancient Indian cities

Government and politics in ancient India

Monarchy in ancient India

General history of ancient India

Periodisation of Indian history

An elaborate periodisation may be as follows:^[2]

Pre-history and Indus Valley Civilisation (until c. 1750 BC);
Vedic period (c. 1750-500 BC);
"Second Urbanisation" (c. 500-200 BC);
Classical period (c. 200 BC-1100 AD);^{[note 1]}

Pre-classical period (c. 200 BC-300 AD);
"Golden Age" (Gupta Empire) (c. 320-650 AD);
Late-Classical period (c. 650-1100 AD);

Islamic period (c. 1100-1850 AD) and beginning of western colonialism (c. 1500-1850);
Modern period (British Raj and independence) (from c. 1850).

Pre-history

Neolithic Age India Mehrgarh culture (c. 7000 – 3300 BC)
Bronze Age India
- Indus valley civilization (c. 3300 – 1300 BC)

Iron Age (c. 1200 – 272 BC)

Iron Age India (c. 1200 – 272 BC)
- Vedic civilization (c. 2000 – 500 BC)
  - Black and red ware culture (c. 1300 – 1000 BC) (c. 1200 – 600 BC)
  - Northern Black Polished Ware (c. 700 – 200 BC)
- Indian Iron Age kingdoms (c. 700 – 300 BC)
- Kalinga (India) (400 BC – 1842 AD)

Second Urbanisation

Nanda Empire (424–321 BC)
Maurya Empire (321–184 BC)
Sangam Period (c. 300 BC – 300 AD)
- Pandya Kingdom (c. 300 BC – 1345 AD)
- Chera Kingdom (c. 300 BC – 1102 AD)
- Chola Kingdom (c. 300 BC – 1279 AD)
Pallava Kingdom (250 BC – 800 AD)
Maha-Megha-Vahana Empire (250s BC – 5th century AD)
Satavahana Empire (230 BC – 220 AD)
Indo-Scythian Kingdom (200 BC – 400 AD)
Kuninda Kingdom (3rd century BC – 4th century AD)
Shunga Empire (185–73 BC)
Indo-Greek Kingdom (180 BC – 10 AD)
Kanva empire (75–26 BC)
Kushan Empire (30–375 AD)

Classical Age of India

(Middle kingdoms of India)
Gurjara-Pratihara Empire
Vakataka Empire
Chola Empire
Pala Empire
Kadamba dynasty (345–1000 AD)
- Banavasi
- Halasi
- Hangal

Middle Ages (c. 500 – 1500)

Badami Chalukyas (547–742)
Rashtrakuta Empire (742–982)
- Ellora
- Kailash Temple
Eastern Chalukyas
Western Chalukyas (983–1185)
Solanki
Kalachuri
Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri
Hoysala Empire (1114–1342)
- Belur
- Halebidu
- Somanathapura
Vijayanagara Empire (1342–1565)
- Hampi

Rabindranath Tagore is Asia's first Nobel laureate and composer of India's national anthem

Swami Vivekananda was a key figure in introducing Vedanta and Yoga in Europe and USA,^[8] raising interfaith awareness and making Hinduism a world religion.^[9]

Culture in ancient India

Art in ancient India

Music in ancient India
- Indian classical music

Language in ancient India

Religion in ancient India

History of Hinduism
- Exotic tribes of ancient India
- Historical Vedic religion

Science and technology in ancient India

Science and technology in ancient India
Indian martial arts
Ancient Indian medicine
- Siddha medicine – oldest medical system known to mankind
- Ayurveda
Architecture
Indian in Sanskrit epics

Notes

↑ Different periods are designated as "classical Hinduism":
- Smart calls the period between 1000 BC and 100 AD "pre-classical". It is the formative period for the Upanishads and Brahmanism^{[subnote 1]} Jainism and Buddhism. For Smart, the "classical period" lasts from 100 to 1000 AD, and coincides with the flowering of "classical Hinduism" and the flowering and deterioration of Mahayana-buddhism in India.^[4]
- For Michaels, the period between 500 BC and 200 BC is a time of "Ascetic reformism",^[5] whereas the period between 200 BC and 1100 AD is the time of "classical Hinduism", since there is "a turning point between the Vedic religion and Hindu religions".^[6]
- Muesse discerns a longer period of change, namely between 800 BC and 200 BC, which he calls the "Classical Period". According to Muesse, some of the fundamental concepts of Hinduism, namely karma, reincarnation and "personal enlightenment and transformation", which did not exist in the Vedic religion, developed in this time.^[7]

Subnotes

↑ Smart distinguishes "Brahmanism" from the Vedic religion, connecting "Brahmanism" with the Upanishads.^[3]

References

↑ Stein 2010, p. 38.
↑ Michaels 2004.
↑ Smart 2003, p. 52, 83-86.
↑ Smart 2003, p. 52.
↑ Michaels 2004, p. 36.
↑ Michaels 2004, p. 38.
↑ Muesse 2003, p. 14.
↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Sources

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

bn:প্রাচীন ভারত

ko:고대 인도 hi:प्राचीन भारत mk:Древна Индија ne:प्राचीन भारत pt:Índia antiga sv:Antikens och forntidens Indien uk:Стародавня Індія

[9] Different periods are designated as "classical Hinduism":

Smart calls the period between 1000 BC and 100 AD "pre-classical". It is the formative period for the Upanishads and Brahmanism^{[subnote 1]} Jainism and Buddhism. For Smart, the "classical period" lasts from 100 to 1000 AD, and coincides with the flowering of "classical Hinduism" and the flowering and deterioration of Mahayana-buddhism in India.^[4]

For Michaels, the period between 500 BC and 200 BC is a time of "Ascetic reformism",^[5] whereas the period between 200 BC and 1100 AD is the time of "classical Hinduism", since there is "a turning point between the Vedic religion and Hindu religions".^[6]

Muesse discerns a longer period of change, namely between 800 BC and 200 BC, which he calls the "Classical Period". According to Muesse, some of the fundamental concepts of Hinduism, namely karma, reincarnation and "personal enlightenment and transformation", which did not exist in the Vedic religion, developed in this time.^[7]

[2] Smart calls the period between 1000 BC and 100 AD "pre-classical". It is the formative period for the Upanishads and Brahmanism^{[subnote 1]} Jainism and Buddhism. For Smart, the "classical period" lasts from 100 to 1000 AD, and coincides with the flowering of "classical Hinduism" and the flowering and deterioration of Mahayana-buddhism in India.^[4]

[3] For Michaels, the period between 500 BC and 200 BC is a time of "Ascetic reformism",^[5] whereas the period between 200 BC and 1100 AD is the time of "classical Hinduism", since there is "a turning point between the Vedic religion and Hindu religions".^[6]

[4] Muesse discerns a longer period of change, namely between 800 BC and 200 BC, which he calls the "Classical Period". According to Muesse, some of the fundamental concepts of Hinduism, namely karma, reincarnation and "personal enlightenment and transformation", which did not exist in the Vedic religion, developed in this time.^[7]

[4] Smart distinguishes "Brahmanism" from the Vedic religion, connecting "Brahmanism" with the Upanishads.^[3]

[FOOTNOTEStein201038-1] Stein 2010, p. 38.

[FOOTNOTEMichaels2004-2] Michaels 2004.

[FOOTNOTESmart200352.2C_83-86-3] Smart 2003, p. 52, 83-86.

[FOOTNOTESmart200352-5] Smart 2003, p. 52.

[FOOTNOTEMichaels200436-6] Michaels 2004, p. 36.

[FOOTNOTEMichaels200438-7] Michaels 2004, p. 38.

[FOOTNOTEMuesse200314-8] Muesse 2003, p. 14.

[Feuerstein-10] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[clarke-11] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[1]

[2]

[note 1]

[8]

[9]

[subnote 1]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[3]

Outline of ancient India

Contents

Geography of ancient India

Government and politics in ancient India

General history of ancient India

Periodisation of Indian history

Pre-history

Iron Age (c. 1200 – 272 BC)

Second Urbanisation

Classical Age of India

Middle Ages (c. 500 – 1500)

Culture in ancient India

Art in ancient India

Language in ancient India

Religion in ancient India

Science and technology in ancient India

See also

Notes

References

Sources

Navigation menu

Personal tools

Namespaces

Variants

Views

More

Search

Navigation

Tools