Para table tennis

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Table tennis at the 1992 Summer Paralympics.

Para table tennis is a disabled sport which follows the rules set by the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF). The usual table tennis rules are in effect with slight modifications for wheelchair athletes. Athletes from disability groups can take part. Athletes receive classifications between 1-11. Class 1-5 are for those in wheelchairs and class 6-10 for those who have disabilities that allow them to play standing. Within those groups the higher classification means the more function the athlete has. Class 11 is defined for players with an intellectual disability.

Classification

The roles of classification are to determine eligibility to compete for athletes with disability and to group athletes equitably for competition purposes.[1][2] Athletes are grouped by reference to functional ability, resulting from their impairment.

Sitting classes

  • Class 1:
    No sitting balance with severe reduction of function in the playing arm.
  • Class 2:
    No sitting balance with reduction of function in the playing arm.
  • Class 3:
    No sitting balance, although the upper part of the trunk may show activity.
    Normal arms, although some slight motor losses can be found in the playing hand without significant effect on table tennis skills.
    The non-playing arm keeps the trunk in position.
  • Class 4:
    Existing sitting balance although not optimal because of non-existing anchorage (stabilisation) of the pelvis.
  • Class 5:
    Normal function of trunk muscles.

Standing classes

File:Natalia Partyka (POL).jpg
Two-time Olympian Natalia Partyka participates in Class 10 events at the para table tennis tournaments.
  • Class 6:
    Severe impairments of legs and arms.
  • Class 7:
    Very severe impairments of legs (poor static and dynamic balance), or
    severe to moderate impairments of playing arm, or
    combination of arms and legs impairments less severe than in class 6.
  • Class 8:
    Moderate impairments of the legs, or
    moderate impairments of playing arm (considering that elbow and shoulder control is very important), or
    moderate cerebral palsy, hemiplegia or diplegia with good playing arm.
  • Class 9:
    Mild impairments of the leg(s), or
    mild impairments of playing arm, or
    severe impairments of non-playing arm, or
    mild cerebral palsy with hemiparesis or monoplegia.
  • Class 10:
    Very mild impairments in legs, or
    very mild impairment of playing arm, or
    severe to moderate impairment of non-playing arm, or
    moderate impairment of the trunk.

Laws of table tennis in wheelchair

There are no exceptions to the laws of table tennis for standing players with a disability. All players play according to the laws and regulations of the ITTF. The umpire may relax the requirements for a correct service if the compliance is prevented by physical disability.[3]

Service

If the receiver is in wheelchair, the service shall be a let under the following circumstances:[4]

  1. After touching the receiver's court, the ball returns in the direction of the net.
  2. The ball comes to rest on the receiver's court.
  3. In singles, the ball leaves the receiver’s court after touching it by either of its sidelines.

If the receiver strikes the ball before it crosses a sideline or takes a second bounce on his or her side of the playing surface, the service is considered good and no let is called.[5]

Doubles

When two players who are in wheelchairs are a pair playing doubles, the server shall first make a service, the receiver shall then make a return but thereafter either player of the disabled pair may make returns.[6] However, no part of a player’s wheelchair shall protrude beyond the imaginary extension of the centre line of the table. If it does, the umpire shall award the point to the opposing pair.

Limb positions

If both players or pairs are in a wheelchair, the player or the pair score a point if:[7]

  1. the opponent does not maintain a minimum contact with the seat or cushion(s), with the back of the thigh, when the ball is struck.
  2. the opponent touches the table with either hand before striking the ball.
  3. the opponent’s footrest or foot touches the floor during play.

Wheelchairs

Wheelchairs must have at least two large wheels and one small wheel.[5] If the wheels on the player’s wheelchair become dislodged and the wheelchair has no more than two wheels, then the rally must be stopped immediately and a point awarded to his or her opponent.

The height of one or maximum two cushions is limited to 15 cm in playing conditions with no other addition to the wheelchair. In team and class events, no part of the body above the knees may be attached to the chair as this could improve balance.

Equipment and playing conditions

A player may not normally wear any part of a tracksuit during play.[5] A player with a physical disability, either in a wheelchair or standing, may wear the trousers portion of a tracksuit during play, but jeans are not permitted.

Table legs shall be at least 40 cm from the end line of the table for wheelchair players.[8] In international competitions, the playing space is not less than 14m long, 7m wide and the flooring shall not be concrete. The space for wheelchair events may be reduced to 8m long and 6m wide. The flooring may be of concrete for wheelchair events, which is prohibited on other occasions.

Competitions

5 levels of international competitions are sanctioned.[9][10] Factor of the tournament is counted in the tournament credit system used for qualification purpose of some tournaments. Players participate in regional championships (Fa50) earn 50 credit points. The tournament credit for the 2012 Summer Paralympics is 80 credit points must be met during a period starting on 4 November 2010 until 31 December 2011.[11] It's also required a minimum tournament credit for the qualification of World Para Table Tennis Championships.[12]

Competitions Factor Sanctioned by Cycle of sanctioned competitions
Summer Paralympic Games Fa100 IPC Quadrennial, year 0
World Para Table Tennis Championships Fa80 ITTF Quadrennial, year 2
Regional Championships
(Africa, Americas, Asia, Europe, Oceania)		 Fa50 ITTF Para Table Tennis Division
Continental associations		 Biennial, year 1 and 3
International Tournaments Fa40 ITTF Para Table Tennis Division Annual
Fa20

Notable Players

Ibrahim Hamato, an Egyptian Class 6 Champion, is one of the most well-known Paralympic table tennis player, since his YouTube video went viral.[13] Hamato has won many awards, including silver medals in African Para table tennis Championships held in 2013 and 2011.

Natalia Partyka, a two time Olympian, participates in Class 10 events at the para table tennis tournaments, representing Poland. Born without a right hand and forearm, she participates in competitions for able-bodied athletes as well as in competitions for athletes with disabilities. Partyka reached the last 32 of the London 2012 Olympic women's table tennis.

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ ITTF Handbook 2012/2013 Index 2.06
  4. ↑ ITTF Handbook 2012/2013 Index 2.09
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ ITTF Handbook 2012/2013 Index 2.08
  7. ↑ ITTF Handbook 2012/2013 Index 2.10
  8. ↑ ITTF Handbook 2012/2013 Index 3.02
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ ITTF Handbook 2012/2013 Index 4.07
  13. ↑ http://tabletennis.about.com/od/disabledplayers/fl/Ibrahim-Hamato-The-Armless-Table-Tennis-Player.htm

External links

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