Peanut oil

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A bottle of peanut oil, with Vitamin E added as a preservative

Peanut oil, also known as groundnut oil or arachis oil, is a mild-tasting vegetable oil derived from peanuts. The oil is available with a strong peanut flavor and aroma, analogous to sesame oil.[1][2]

It is often used in Chinese, South Asian and Southeast Asian cuisine, both for general cooking, and in the case of roasted oil, for added flavor. Peanut oil has a high smoke point relative to many other cooking oils, so is commonly used for frying foods. Its major component fatty acids are oleic acid (46.8% as olein), linoleic acid (33.4% as linolein), and palmitic acid (10.0% as palmitin).[3] The oil also contains some stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid and other fatty acids.[4]

Antioxidants such as vitamin E are sometimes added to improve the shelf life of the oil.[5]

History

Shortage of whale oil in the Confederacy made peanut oil an attractive alternative during the Civil War.[6] The oil had increased use in the United States during World War II, because of war shortages of other oils.[7]

Nutritional content

Peanut Oil
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy 3,699 kJ (884 kcal)
0 g
100 g
Saturated 17 g
Monounsaturated 46 g
Polyunsaturated 32 g
0 g
Vitamins
Vitamin E
(105%)
15.7 mg
Minerals
Zinc
(0%)
0.01 mg
Other constituents
Cholesterol 0 mg
Selenium 0.0 mcg
Fat percentage can vary.
Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults.
Source: USDA Nutrient Database

According to the USDA data upon which the following table is based, 100 g of peanut oil contains 17.7 g of saturated fat, 48.3 g of monounsaturated fat, and 33.4 g of polyunsaturated fat.[3]

Comparison of dietary fats
Comparative properties of common cooking fats (per 100 g )
Type of fat Total fat (g) Saturated fat (g) Monounsaturated fat (g) Polyunsaturated fat (g) Smoke point
Sunflower oil 100 11 20 69 225 °C (437 °F)[8]
Sunflower oil (high oleic) 100 12 84 [9] 4 [9]
Soybean oil 100 16 23 58 257 °C (495 °F)[8]
Canola oil 100 7 63 28 205 °C (401 °F)[9][10]
Olive oil 100 14 73 11 190 °C (374 °F)[8]
Corn oil 100 15 30 55 230 °C (446 °F)[8]
Peanut oil 100 17 46 32 225 °C (437 °F)[8]
Rice bran oil 100 25 38 37 250 °C (482 °F)[11]
Vegetable shortening (hydrogenated) 71 23 8 37 165 °C (329 °F)[8]
Lard 100 39 45 11 190 °C (374 °F)[8]
Suet 94 52 32 3 200 °C (392 °F)
Butter 81 51 21 3 150 °C (302 °F)[8]
Coconut oil 100 86 6 2 177 °C (351 °F)

Allergens and toxins

4 gallons of peanut oil

Most highly refined peanut oils remove the peanut allergens and have been shown to be safe for "the vast majority of peanut-allergic individuals".[12] However, cold-pressed peanut oils may not remove the allergens and thus could be highly dangerous to people with peanut allergy.[13] Since the degree of processing for any particular product is often unclear, "avoidance is prudent."[14][15] If quality control is neglected, peanuts that contain the mold that produces highly toxic aflatoxin can end up contaminating the oil derived from them.[16]

Other uses

"Peanut oil will make medicine"

Peanut oil, as with other vegetable oils, can be used to make soap by the process of saponification.[17] The oil is safe for use as a massage oil. Peanut researcher George Washington Carver marketed a peanut massage oil.[18][19]

Biodiesel

At the 1900 Paris Exhibition, the Otto Company, at the request of the French Government, demonstrated that peanut oil could be used as a source of fuel for the diesel engine; this was one of the earliest demonstrations of biodiesel technology.[20]

Suspension agent

Some medicines and vitamins use arachis oil as a suspension agent.[citation needed]

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Choose peanut oil and then "Oil, peanut, salad or cooking".
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ http://www2.uttyler.edu/vbetts/savannah_republican_1862.htm, 16 January, p.1., c.5
  7. ↑ "The Peanut Situation" (Dec 12, 1942) The Billboard
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ http://alfaone.ca/rice-bran-oil-faq/
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ "Saponification Table Plus The Characteristics of Oils in Soap", Soap Making Resource
  18. ↑ "Peanut Oil", Meridian Institute
  19. ↑ "Oil Treatment for the Hands Gaining Favor" (Jun 24, 1939) Spokane Daily Chronicle
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

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