Pinus koraiensis

Pinus koraiensis
Morton Arboretum Acc. 748-56*2
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 2.3)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Pinophyta
Class:	Pinopsida
Order:	Pinales
Family:	Pinaceae
Genus:	Pinus
Subgenus:	Strobus
Section:	Pinus sect. Quinquefoliae
Subsection:	Pinus subsect. Cembrae
Species:	P. koraiensis
Binomial name
Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc.

The tree species Pinus koraiensis is commonly called Korean pine. It is native to eastern Asia: Korea, Manchuria, Mongolia, the Temperate rainforests of the Russian Far East, and central Japan. In the north of its range, it grows at moderate altitudes, typically 600 metres (2,000 ft) to 900 metres (3,000 ft), whereas further south, it is a mountain tree, growing at 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) to 2,600 metres (8,500 ft) altitude in Japan. It is a large tree, reaching a mature size of 40 metres (130 ft) to 50 metres (160 ft) height, and 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) to 2 metres (6.6 ft) trunk diameter.

It is a member of the white pine group, Pinus subgenus Strobus, and like all members of that group, the leaves ('needles') are in fascicles (bundles) of five, with a deciduous sheath. They are 7 centimetres (2.8 in) to 13 centimetres (5.1 in) long. Korean pine cones are 8 centimetres (3.1 in) to 17 centimetres (6.7 in) long, green or purple before maturity, ripening brown about 18 months after pollination. The 14 millimetres (0.55 in) to 18 millimetres (0.71 in) long seeds have only a vestigial wing and are dispersed by spotted nutcrackers.

Korean pine nuts

Korean pine differs from the closely related Siberian pine in having larger cones with reflexed scale tips, and longer needles.

The seeds are extensively harvested and sold as pine nuts, particularly in northeastern China; it is the most widely traded pine nut in international commerce. The nut oil contains 11.5% of the unusual fatty acid pinolenic acid (cis–5–cis–9–cis–12 octadecatrienoic acid).

Korean pine is a popular ornamental tree in parks and large gardens where the climate is cold, such as eastern Canada and the far northern United States, giving steady though not fast growth on a wide range of sites. It is tolerant of severe winter cold, hardy down to at about −50 °C (−58 °F).

See also

• Boreal forest
• Jatjuk, Korean pine nut porridge

Further reading

• Conifer Specialist Group (1998). Pinus koraiensis. 2006. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. www.iucnredlist.org. Retrieved on 5 May 2006.
• Das, A. K. Studies on the growth pattern, primary productivity and nutrient dynamics of Khasi pine (Pinus kesiya Royal ex Gordan). Diss. Ph. D. thesis, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India, 1980.

External links

External identifiers for Pinus koraiensis
Encyclopedia of Life	999709
NCBI	88728
Also found in: Wikispecies

• USDA NRCS Plant Profile Pinus koraiensis
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program
• Organics Roots
• Pinus Koraiensis (Korean Pine)_Only Foods
• Conifers Around the World: Pinus koraiensis - Korean Stone Pine