Pontypridd, Caerphilly and Newport Railway

Pontypridd, Caerphilly and Newport Railway

Legend Taff Vale Railway towards Porth and Abercynon Pontypridd Central PC&N Jcn Pontypridd Tram Road Glyntaff Halt (otherwise 'Treforest Halt') Rhydyfelin (High Level) Halt Dynea Halt Upper Boat Halt Groeswen Halt Nantgarw (High Level) Halt Rhymney Railway towards Walnut Tree Jcn Barry Railway Rhymney Railway towards Llanbradach Caerphilly Rhymney Railway towards Cardiff Central Brecon and Merthyr Railway via Machen Monmouthshire Railway towards Ebbw Vale x20px South Wales Railway Alexandra Docks

The Pontypridd, Caerphilly and Newport Railway connected the collieries of the Aberdare and Rhondda valleys directly with the new Alexandra Docks at Newport.

Using the Taff Vale Railway lines above Pontypridd, it ran on its own metals to Penrhos where it connected with Caerphilly station of the Rhymney Railway. It then ran on the Brecon and Merthyr Railway through Machen to Bassaleg junction for connection to either the Alexandra Docks, or Newport Station for passengers connecting to the South Wales Railway or the London and North Western Railway.

The line closed to passengers in 1962, and was shut to freight from 1965. Some of the northern stretches of the lines from Upper Boat to Pontypridd form the redeveloped dual carriageway sections of the A470 road, while the southern 3.5-mile (5.6 km) section from Rhydyfelin to Penrhos form part of the Taff Trail cycleway, constructed at a cost of £42,000.

Background

The need for the PC&NR was brought about by the stranglehold of the Taff Vale Railway on railway traffic to both the Aberdare and Rhondda valleys.

From 1870 onwards, the demand for Rhondda steam coal was expanding quicker than the infrastructure of the Taff Vale Railway and Cardiff docks could provide. In 1874 the total coal and coke exported from Cardiff and Penarth was 2,886,000 tons, which had risen to 7,774,828 tons by 1882. By 1880 a train typically took 23 hours to travel from the Ocean Colliery to Bute Dock, and 27 hours for the empty wagons to return. This slowed production, as no additional railway capacity had been built, and only the Roath Basin provided additional dock capacity.

Two attempts were made to break the monopoly of the Marquess of Bute. The Barry Railway and Docks built at a cost of £2 million a new dock at Barry Island with a railway which served the Rhondda via the Wenvoe Tunnel and what - after amalgamation - became known as Pontypridd Graig Station. A branch served the Rhymney Valley, which crossed the narrow Tongwynlais gorge by means of the high-level Walnut Tree Viaduct. The first coal was shipped on 18 July 1889, with a second dock opened in 1898, and a third in 1914. On 16 March 1896 the main line between Porth and Barry was opened for passenger traffic, to connect with the paddle steamers of P and A Campbell. The second was the provision of the Rhondda and Swansea Bay Railway company to provide access to Swansea docks, but due to the incline through the Rhondda Tunnel this was only a commercial proposition for the collieries furthest up the Rhondda Fawr.

The other driver behind the building of the PC&NR was to provide a direct route to the Alexandra Dock, thereby reducing both the time and cost of shipping coal directly to the new facility. Lord Tredegar and Sir George Elliot of Powell Duffryn collieries agreed that the only way to secure the future income of the Alexandra docks was the provision of a direct railway route.

PC&NR

Although formed by the same directors of the Alexandra Docks & Railway Company, the PC&NR was formed as a separate company to the Alexandra Docks & Railway Company for various investment, tax, political and operational reasons.

Construction

Incorporated by an Act of Parliament on 8 August 1878, the line was engineered by Sir James W. Szlumper, and double tracked from Pontypridd to Rhymney, where it joined the metals of the Rhymney Railway at Penrhos junction to access Caerphilly station.

Local passenger trains terminated at Caerphilly, but through passenger and freight services continued over the Brecon and Merthyr Railway's Caerphilly branch to Bassaleg, where at West Mendelgief junction the PC&NR trains joined the metals of the Alexandra Docks Railway; through passenger services terminated at Newport High Street station for connection to either the Great Western Railway, the London and North Western Railway or the South Wales Railway.

The single track from Caerphilly to Bassaleg provided both too little capacity for the freight traffic, as well as a challenging 1:39 climb out of Caerphilly station for loaded trains. The Machen Loop Act of 1887 gave the PC&NR the right to double track the route, with a diverged route from Gwaun-y-Bara|Gwaun-y-Bara junction to Machen providing a 1:200 slope for loaded trains. The new double track came into operation on 14 September 1891, and was immediately transferred to the Brecon and Merthyr Railway; which in return paid 50% of the annual net earnings from the Caerphilly branch to the PC&NR.

In 1883, PC&NR agreed a plan to use the Nixons Private Railway and Powell Duffryn Private Railway to run up the valley from Abercynon to Aberdare.

Operations

Trains were operated by initially under agreement with the Taff Vale Railway, who hauled private owner wagons using their own engines over the PC&NR. In doing so the Taff Vale Railway hoped to incorporate the PC&NR quickly into its system. The first train of coal left Pontypridd on 7 July 1884; picking up the Brecon and Merthyr pilot engine at Caerphilly. However, on reaching Bassaleg, the GWR refused the train access to Alexandra Docks. After some negotiation, the GWR relented and trains began operating from the 25 July, but neither the PC&NR or the Alexandra Dock were amalgamated with the TVR or GWR as quickly as the larger companies would have liked. Although bitter rivals (the TVR was also more profitable than the Great Western) the two companies were united in their desire to avoid allowing additional competition to spring up.

This situation continued until halted at the TVR's request, when the PC&NR purchased ten locomotives from the newly electrified Mersey Railway, and started its own freight operations from the 30 April 1906. They also purchased some elderly locomotives and stock from the GWR, which were ironically returned to the Great Western in 1923 - although they were some 20 years older, the Great Western kindly allowed them to regain their former numbers.

Passenger services were run in two forms:

• Through services: started from Pontypridd on the 28 December 1887 with three trains running each way to Newport. From 1 January 1899 the GWR took over, increasing traffic to four trains each way per day.
• Local services: started from Pontypridd Tram Road halt on the 28 December 1887. On 1 September 1904 the new Alexandra Docks and Railway Company again took over running of local services, from its own Pontypridd Tram Road halt to the Rhymney Railways Caerphilly station. This made connection with the Brecon and Merthyr services difficult, and so from 1 January 1917 services were extended to the B&MR's Machen station. Local service were operated by a "push-pull" train with one or two carriages, which from 1904 were slowly replaced by railmotor sets, built by the Glasgow Railway and Engineering Company of Govan. Seven halts opened on the route.

This operational situation continued until the Railways Act 1921, when the PC&NR was grouped under the Great Western Railway.

Closure

The line survived well, fuelling the growth of Newport docks due to its downward incline for loaded trains. Passenger traffic was ceased from 17 September 1956; while under the Beeching Axe it was shut to freight from 1965.

The northern stretches of the lines from Upper Boat to Pontypridd forms the redeveloped dual carriageway sections of the A470 road, while the southern 3.5-mile (5.6 km) section from Rhydyfelin to Penrhos form part of the Taff Trail cycleway, constructed at a cost of £42,000.

Chronology

The chronology for the line is as follows:

Date	Activity
1865	Alexandra (Newport) Dock Company incorporated. Subscribed to by Lord Tredegar, Crawshay Bailey and other ironmasters from Cwmbran, Nantyglo, Tredegar and Rhymney. Act also allows construction of railways
1875	Alexandra North Dock opened
8 August 1878	Pontypridd Caerphilly and Newport Railway Act passed. Promoted by J.C. Parkinson of the Alexandra Docks and Railway and Sir George Elliot of Powell Duffryn collieries. Engineer is James W. Sir James W. Szlumper
1882	Alexandra (Newport) Dock Company is renamed the Alexandra (Newport and South Wales) Docks and Railway (ANDR)
1883	Act to take over Newport Town Dock passed
1883	PC&NR agrees plans to use the Nixons Private Railway and Powell Duffryn Private Railway to run up the valley from Abercynon to Aberdare
1884	Taff Vale Railway works PC&NR line from Pontypridd to Alexandra Docks.
1884	ANDR takes over Newport Town Dock
6 June 1897	PC&NR taken over by the Alexandra Docks and Railway
2 November 1903	The Roath Dock Branch is opened in conjunction with the Great Western Railway and the Cardiff Railway. Joint line connects Pengam Junction to Queen Alexandra Dock, Cardiff
1 September 1904	Local services taken over by ANDR. New service from Pontypridd (Tram Road) Halt to Caerphilly started. Uses two steam railmotors built by the Glasgow Railway and Engineering Company of Govan. Seven halts opened on route
1 January 1906	ANDR starts bus service from Docks Office to the Corporation Tram Terminus
30 April 1906	Taff Vale Railway stops operating trains from Pontypridd to Alexandra Docks when Alexandra Docks company takes over with ten engines bought from the Mersey Railway
July 1907	Queen Alexandra Dock, Cardiff opened. Cardiff now had 165 acres (0.67 km2) of docks and 38,000 feet (12,000 m) of quayside
1920	Newport Town Dock closed and filled in
1922	As a result of the Railways Act 1921, the ANDR and the PC&NR are merged into the Great Western Railway
1933	Bus service within Docks withdrawn
17 September 1956	Passenger services withdrawn on Pontypridd, Caerphilly, Machen, Newport route. Passenger services were still running between Newport & New Tredegar,and Between Newport and Brecon in 1960.
1963	Freight services withdrawn on Pontypridd, Caerphilly, Machen, Newport route
3 September 1979	Maesglas Junction to East Mendalgief Junction closed
29 October 1979	Dock Street Depot to Town Dock Sidings closed.

Stations

• Pontypridd - owned by the Taff Vale Railway, which had branches northwards to Aberdare and Rhondda
• Treforest Halt (which seems to have been generally known as Glyntaff Halt: this is the name given to it in some sources)
• Rhydyfelin (High Level) Halt
• Dynea halt
• Upper Boat halt
• Groeswen halt
• Nantgarw halt
  • Penrhos junction - with the Rhymney Railway, over whose metals it ran to...
    • Watford road level crossing
• Caerphilly - owned by the Rhymney Railway, but accessed by the Brecon and Merthyr Railway, over whose metals the PC&NR ran to...
• Machen - terminating point for local services from 1 January 1917. Owned by the Brecon and Merthyr Railway
  • West Mendalgief junction - for access to Alexandra Docks, Newport
• Newport High Street - jointly owned and operated by the South Wales Railway and the London and North Western Railway

Local passenger trains terminated at Caerphilly until 1 January 1917, when they extended to Machen on the Brecon and Merthyr. Freight services continued over the Brecon and Merthyr Railway's Caerphilly branch to Bassaleg, where at West Mendelgief junction the PC&NR trains joined the metals of the Alexandra Docks Railway. Through passenger services continued on to Newport High Street.

External links

• PC&NR at railscot.co.uk