Portal:Iran

Topics Culture Geography Health History Mathematics Nature People Philosophy Religion Society Technology Welcome to Iran's Portal به درگاه سرزمین ایران خوش آمدید Flag of Iran Emblem of Iran Iran, (Persian: ايران‎‎, Īrān; pronunciation: [iːˈɾɒn]), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian: جمهوری اسلامی ايران‎‎, transliteration: Jomhūrī-ye Eslāmī-ye Īrān), formerly known internationally as Persia, is a country in Western Asia. The 18th largest country in the world, Iran is approximately the size of the United Kingdom, France, Spain, and Germany combined and has a population of over 75 million people. Iran borders Armenia, Azerbaijan, to the north-west, Russia and Kazakhstan through the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the north-east, Afghanistan and Pakistan to the east, and Turkey and Iraq to the west. In addition, it borders the Persian Gulf, an important oil-producing area, and the Caspian sea. Shi'a Islam is the official state religion and Persian the official language. The political system of Iran comprises several intricately connected governing bodies and is based on the 1979 Constitution. The highest state authority is the Supreme Leader, currently served by Ali Khamenei. Iran has one of the oldest histories in the world, extending more than 5000 years, and throughout history, Iran has been of geostrategic importance because of its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia. Iran is a founding member of the UN, NAM, OIC, OPEC, and ECO. Iran as a major regional power occupies an important position in the world economy due to its substantial reserves of petroleum and natural gas, and has considerable regional influence in Western Asia. The name Iran is a cognate of Aryan and literally means "Land of the Aryans." Iran Portal The Lion and Sun or Shir-o-khorshid (Persian: شیر و خورشید‎‎) is one of recognized emblems of the Red Cross Movement alongside Red Cross and Red Crescent. It is one of the better-known emblems of Iran, and between 1423 and 1979 was an element in Iran's national flag. The motif, which combines ancient Iranian, Arab, Turkish, Mongol and Jewish traditions, became a popular symbol in Iran in the 12th century. The lion and sun symbol is based largely on astronomical and astrological configurations: the ancient sign of the sun in the house of Leo, which itself is traced backed to Babylonian astrology and Near Eastern traditions. The motif has many historical meanings. First, it was only an astrological and zodiacal symbol. Under Safavid and the first Qajar kings, it became more associated with Shia Islam. During the Safavid era, the lion and sun stood for the two pillars of society, the state and the Islamic religion. It became a national emblem during the Qajar era. In the 19th century, European visitors at the Qajar court attributed the lion and sun to remote antiquity; since then, it has acquired a nationalistic interpretation. During the reign of Fat'h Ali Shah and his successors the form of the motif was substantially changed. A crown was also placed on the top of the symbol to represent the monarchy. Beginning in the reign of Fat'h Ali Shah Qajar, the Islamic aspect of the monarchy was de-emphasized. This shift affected the symbolism of the emblem. The meaning of the symbol changed several times between the Qajar era and the 1979 revolution. The lion could be interpreted as a metaphor for Ali, for the heroes of Iran who are ready to protect the country against enemies, or for its ancient meaning as the symbol of kingship. The Sun has alternately been interpreted as symbol of the king, Jamshid, the mythical king of Iran, and the motherland. The many historical meanings of the emblem have provided rich ground for competing symbols of Iranian identity. In the 20th century, some politicians and scholars suggested that the emblem should be replaced by other symbols such as Derafsh-e-kaviani. However, the emblem remained the official symbol of Iran until the 1979 revolution, when the "Lion and Sun" symbol was removed from public spaces and government organizations, and replaced by the present-day Coat of arms of Iran. Ancient bracelet, Achaemenid period, part of Oxus Treasure, 500 BCE, Iran You are invited to participate in WikiProject Iran, a WikiProject dedicated to developing and improving articles about Iran. Parent projects Asia • Western Asia • Countries Main project WikiProject Iran Sub-projects Persian cinema • Persian literature • Zoroastrianism Related projects Geography • History • Armenia • Azerbaijan • Caucasia • Iraq • Russia • Georgia • Islam • Kurdistan • Afghanistan • Turkmenistan • Greece • Turkey Template:/box-footer Mohammad Mosaddegh Dr. Mohammad Mosaddegh (Persian: محمد مصدّق‎‎, IPA: [mohæmˈmæd(-e) mosædˈdeɣ]* also Mossadegh, Mosaddeq, Mossadeq, Mosadeck, or Musaddiq) (19 May 1882 – 5 March 1967) was the democratically elected Prime Minister of Iran from 1951 to 1953 when he was overthrown in a coup d'état backed by the United States Central Intelligence Agency. From an aristocratic background, Mosaddegh was an author, administrator, lawyer, prominent parliamentarian, and politician, famous for his passionate opposition to foreign intervention in Iran. During his time as prime minister, a wide range of progressive social reforms were carried out. Unemployment compensation was introduced, factory owners were ordered to pay benefits to sick and injured workers, and peasants were freed from forced labour in their landlords' estates. Twenty percent of the money landlords received in rent was placed in a fund to pay for development projects such as public baths, rural housing, and pest control. He is most famous as the architect of the nationalization of the Iranian oil industry, which had been under British control since 1913 through the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC) (later British Petroleum or BP). The Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. was controlled by the British government. Mosaddegh was removed from power in a coup on 19 August 1953, organised and carried out by the United States CIA at the request of the British MI6 which chose Iranian General Fazlollah Zahedi to succeed Mosaddegh. The CIA called the coup Operation Ajax after its CIA cryptonym, and as the 28 Mordad 1332 coup in Iran, after its date on the Iranian calendar. Mosaddegh was imprisoned for three years, then put under house arrest until his death. Wikinews Iran portal June 1: Kerry hospitalized after cycling accident June 29: Medal-seeking Spanish men arrive at 2014 Goalball World Championships November 25: Iran to reduce nuclear enrichment in exchange for sanctions reduction November 13: ONCE defeats Getafe 86-36 in Spain's top level wheelchair basketball league November 12: Iran agrees to expanded monitoring of nuclear sites November 2: Iran-Pakistan pipeline at risk September 23: Wikinews interviews specialists on China, Iran, Russia support for al-Assad April 9: Wikinews interviews Amir Abbas Fakhravar about Iranian nuclear intentions ...that the Islamic Republic of Iran Railways add about 500 km of new track each year to their network with planned links to Iraq, Pakistan, and Afghanistan? ...that the song "Push The Button" was believed by some to relate to Iran's attempt to build nuclear weapons? ...that Jews of Iran is the first documentary film about Iran's Jewish minority? ...that the 5th-century Sassanian Emperor of Iran Yazdegerd I (pictured on coin) was given the epithets of Ramashtras ("the most quiet") as well as Al Khasha ("the harsh")? ...that Shirazi wine from the Persian city of Shiraz was white and has nothing to do with the Shiraz grape used to make wine today? ▼ Iran ► Buildings and structures in Iran ► Communications in Iran ► Iranian culture ► Economy of Iran ► Geography of Iran ► Government of Iran ► Military of Iran ► Azerbaijani people ► Iranian people ► Politics of Iran ► Science and technology in Iran ► Iranian society ► Sport in Iran Featured articles 2 Featured lists 2 Template:/box-footer Requested articles: House of Dahae, House of Parni, House of Sohae, Amards civilization, Anjoman e Payvand, Akbar Etemad, More... Images and photos needed: Request images that are needed from Wikipedia requested photographs in Iran to included in each articles. Maps needed: Request maps that are needed from Wikipedia requested maps in Iran to included in each articles. Stubs: Work on stubs in articles in Iran stubs, Iran geography stubs, Iran transport stubs, Iran university stubs. Article alerts subpage - Monitor article alerts, for more information see Wikipedia:Article alerts Cleanup: A cleanup listing for this project is available. See also the list by category, the tool's wiki page and the index of WikiProjects. Infobox: Add infobox that are needed from Category:Iran articles without infoboxes in articles. Tag the talk pages of Iran-related articles with the {{WikiProject Iran}} banner. Rate the Unassessed Iran articles and Unknown-importance Iran articles. Deletion sorting: Please see the collection of discussions on the deletion of articles related to Iran - compiled by WikiProject Deletion sorting Help out with articles placed in Category:Iran articles needing attention Notability: Articles with notability concerns, listed at WikiProject Notability Add to articles in scope The Iranian Wikipedians' notice board. The Iranian "to do" list. Asia Geography Middle East Ancient Near East Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Iraq Georgia (country) Turkey Kurdistan Iranian Azerbaijan Nishapur Tabaristan Islam Zoroastrianism Babism Bahá'í Faith Assyrians Shia Islam The following Wikimedia sister projects provide more on this subject: What are portals? List of portals Featured portals