List of Presidents of Venezuela
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. The following is a list of Presidents of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish: Presidentes de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela).
The President is both the head of state and head of government in Venezuela's presidential system. The current presidential term is for six years with the constitutionally guaranteed recourse of holding a popular recall referendum any time within the last three years of a presidential term. A 2009 referendum removed the previous restrictions which limited the President to two terms.[1] The current president of Venezuela is Nicolás Maduro, since April 19, 2013.
Contents
History
Before 1830
The presidential designation encompasses only those persons who were sworn into office as President of Venezuela following Venezuela's declaration of independence from Spanish colonial rule, which took effect on July 5, 1811. The first president, taking office on July 5, 1811, was actually the president of a triumvirate of the first established Republic of Venezuela that rotated the presidency weekly. The person serving as president during the week of July 5 was one of the three signatories of the Declaration of Independence: Cristóbal Mendoza. Mendoza shared the triumvirate with Juan Escalona and Baltasar Padrón. A second triumvirate followed on April 3, 1812 whose members were Francisco Espejo, Fernando Toro and Francisco Javier Ustariz.[2][3]
Owing to the profound confusion of the Venezuelan War of Independence and the period of Gran Colombia over what is now Venezuela, this page has gaps between 1813 and 1819. For this period in time, historians refer to the Republic of Venezuela as the Second Republic of Venezuela (1813–1814) and the Third Republic of Venezuela (1817–1819) as Simon Bolivar twice reestablished the republic. The Congress of Angostura appointed Simón Bolívar "Jefe Supremo de la República de Venezuela" (Supreme Commander of the Republic of Venezuela) from 1819 until 1830.
After 1830
In 1830, José Antonio Páez declared Venezuela independent from Gran Colombia and became president, taking office on January 13, 1830. Although he was not the first president of Venezuela (having in mind Cristóbal Mendoza in 1811), he was the first head of state of independent Venezuela, after the dissolution of Gran Colombia.
Presidents of Venezuela since independence (1830–present)
The list below includes interim "caretaker" as well as regular serving presidents, and democratically installed presidents as well as those installed by other means (e.g.; Marcos Pérez Jiménez).
Political parties
Independent Military government
- XIX century
Conservative Party Liberal Party
- XX century
Democratic Party Democratic Action Copei National Convergence
- XXI century
Fifth Republic Movement/United Socialist Party
Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term in office — Political party |
Form of entry | Occupation | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
State of Venezuela | ||||||
José Antonio Páez (1790–1873) |
13 January 1830 | 20 January 1835 | Indirect elections | General | ||
Conservative Party | ||||||
Andrés Narvarte (1781–1853) |
13 January 1835 | 9 February 1835 | Interim government | Lawyer | ||
Conservative Party | ||||||
José María Vargas (1786–1854) |
9 February 1835 | 9 July 1835 | Indirect elections | Physician | ||
Conservative Party | ||||||
José María Carreño (1792–1849) |
27 July 1835 | 20 August 1835 | Interim government | General | ||
Conservative Party | ||||||
José María Vargas (1786–1854) |
20 August 1835 | 24 April 1836 | Restoration | Physician | ||
Conservative Party | ||||||
Andrés Narvarte (1781–1853) |
24 April 1836 | 20 January 1837 | Interim government | Lawyer | ||
Conservative Party | ||||||
José María Carreño (1792–1849) |
27 January 1837 | 11 March 1837 | Interim government | General | ||
Conservative Party | ||||||
Carlos Soublette (1789–1870) |
11 March 1837 | 1 February 1839 | Interim government | General | ||
Conservative Party | ||||||
José Antonio Páez (1790–1873) |
1 February 1839 | 28 January 1843 | Indirect elections | General | ||
Conservative Party | ||||||
Carlos Soublette (1789–1870) |
28 January 1843 | 20 January 1847 | Indirect elections | General | ||
Conservative Party | ||||||
José Tadeo Monagas (1784–1868) |
20 January 1847 | 5 February 1851 | Indirect elections | General | ||
Conservative Party | ||||||
José Gregorio Monagas (1795–1858) |
5 February 1851 | 20 January 1855 | Indirect elections | General | ||
Liberal Party | ||||||
José Tadeo Monagas (1784–1868) |
20 January 1855 | 15 March 1858 | Indirect elections | General | ||
Liberal Party | ||||||
Pedro Gual Escandón (1783–1862) |
15 March 1858 | 18 March 1858 | Interim government | Lawyer | ||
Liberal Party | ||||||
Julián Castro (1810–1875) |
18 March 1858 | 2 August 1859 | Coup d'état | General | ||
Military | ||||||
Pedro Gual Escandón (1783–1862) |
2 August 1859 | 29 September 1859 | Interim government | Lawyer | ||
Independent | ||||||
Manuel Felipe de Tovar (1803–1866) |
29 September 1859 | 20 May 1861 | Coup d'état (first term) Direct elections (second term) |
Politician | ||
Liberal Party | ||||||
Pedro Gual Escandón (1783–1862) |
20 May 1861 | 29 August 1861 | Interim government | Lawyer | ||
Liberal Party | ||||||
José Antonio Páez (1790–1873) |
29 August 1861 | 15 June 1863 | Dictatorship | General | ||
Military | ||||||
United States of Venezuela | ||||||
Juan Crisóstomo Falcón (1820–1870) |
15 June 1863 | 25 April 1868 | Victory in the Federal War (first term) Indirect elections (second term) |
General | ||
Military | ||||||
Manuel Ezequiel Bruzual (1832–1868) |
25 April 1868 | 28 June 1868 | Interim government | Officer | ||
Independent | ||||||
Guillermo Tell Villegas (1823–1907) |
28 June 1868 | 20 February 1869 | Interim government | Lawyer | ||
Liberal Party | ||||||
José Ruperto Monagas (1831–1880) |
20 February 1869 | 16 April 1870 | Revolution | General | ||
Military | ||||||
Guillermo Tell Villegas (1823–1907) |
16 April 1870 | 27 April 1870 | Interim government | Lawyer | ||
Liberal Party | ||||||
Antonio Guzmán Blanco (1829–1899) |
27 April 1870 | 27 February 1877 | Revolution (first term) Indirect elections (second term) |
General/Lawyer | ||
Liberal Party | ||||||
Francisco Linares Alcántara (1825–1878) |
27 February 1877 | 30 November 1878 | Indirect elections | General | ||
Liberal Party | ||||||
José Gregorio Valera | 30 November 1878 | 26 February 1879 | Interim government | General | ||
Liberal Party | ||||||
Antonio Guzmán Blanco (1829–1899) |
26 February 1879 | 26 April 1884 | Elections by Federal States | General/Lawyer | ||
Liberal Party | ||||||
Joaquín Crespo (1830–1898) |
26 April 1884 | 15 September 1886 | Elections by Federal States | General | ||
Liberal Party | ||||||
Antonio Guzmán Blanco (1829–1899) |
15 Septiembre 1886 | 8 August 1887 | Elections by Federal States | General/Lawyer | ||
Liberal Party | ||||||
Hermógenes López (1830–1898) |
8 August 1887 | 2 July 1888 | Interim government | General | ||
Independent | ||||||
Juan Pablo Rojas Paúl (1826–1905) |
2 July 1888 | 19 March 1890 | Elections by Federal States | Lawyer | ||
Liberal Party | ||||||
Raimundo Andueza Palacio (1846–1900) |
19 March 1890 | 17 June 1892 | Elections by Federal States | Lawyer | ||
Conservative Party | ||||||
Guillermo Tell Villegas (1823–1907) |
17 June 1892 | 31 August 1892 | Interim government | Lawyer | ||
Liberal Party | ||||||
Guillermo Tell Villegas Pulido (1854–1949) |
31 August 1892 | 7 October 1892 | Interim government | Lawyer | ||
Liberal Party | ||||||
Joaquín Crespo (1841–1898) |
7 October 1892 | February 28 1898 | Revolution (first term) Elections by Federal States (second term) |
General | ||
Military | ||||||
Ignacio Andrade (1839–1925) |
28 February 1898 | 20 October 1899 | Direct elections | Politician | ||
Liberal Party | ||||||
Cipriano Castro (1858–1924) |
20 October 1899 | 19 December 1908 | Revolution | General | ||
Military | ||||||
Juan Vicente Gómez (1857–1935) |
19 December 1908 | 5 August 1913 | Coup d'état | General | ||
Military | ||||||
José Gil Fortoul (1861–1943) |
5 August 1913 | 19 April 1914 | Interim government | Lawyer | ||
Independent | ||||||
Victorino Márquez Bustillos (1858–1922) |
19 April 1914 | 24 June 1922 | Interim government[4] | Lawyer | ||
Independent | ||||||
Juan Vicente Gómez (1857–1935) |
24 June 1922 | 30 May 1929 | — | General | ||
Military | ||||||
Juan Bautista Pérez (1869–1952) |
30 May 1929 | 13 June 1931 | Indirect elections | Lawyer | ||
Independent | ||||||
Juan Vicente Gómez (1857–1935) |
13 June 1931 | 17 December 1935 | Indirect election | General | ||
Military | ||||||
Eleazar López Contreras (1883–1973) |
18 December 1935 | 5 May 1941 | Interim government (first term) Indirect elections (second term) |
General | ||
Independent | ||||||
75px | Isaías Medina Angarita (1897–1953) |
5 May 1941 | 18 October 1945 | Indirect elections | General | |
Democratic Party | ||||||
Rómulo Betancourt (1908–1981) |
18 October 1945 | 17 February 1948 | Coup d'état | Politician | ||
Democratic Action | ||||||
75px | Rómulo Gallegos (1884–1969) |
17 February 1948 | 24 November 1948 | Direct elections | Writer | |
Democratic Action | ||||||
Carlos Delgado Chalbaud (1909–1950) |
24 November 1948 | 30 November 1950 | Coup d'état | Officer | ||
Military | ||||||
Germán Suárez Flamerich (1907–1990) |
30 November 1950 | 2 December 1952 | Interim government | Lawyer | ||
Independent | ||||||
Republic of Venezuela | ||||||
Marcos Pérez Jiménez (1914–2001) |
2 December 1952 | 23 January 1958 | Indirect elections | Officer | ||
Military | ||||||
Wolfgang Larrazábal (1911–2003) |
23 January 1958 | 14 November 1958 | Coup d'état | Rear admiral | ||
Independent | ||||||
Edgar Sanabria (1911–1989) |
14 November 1958 | 13 February 1959 | Coup d'état | Rear admiral | ||
Independent | ||||||
Rómulo Betancourt (1908–1981) |
13 February 1959 | 13 March 1964 | Direct elections | Politician | ||
Democratic Action | ||||||
Raúl Leoni (1905–1972) |
13 March 1964 | 11 March 1969 | Direct elections | Lawyer | ||
Democratic Action | ||||||
Rafael Caldera (1916–2009) |
11 March 1969 | 12 March 1974 | Direct elections | Lawyer | ||
Copei | ||||||
Carlos Andrés Pérez (1922–2010) |
12 March 1974 | 12 March 1979 | Direct elections | Politician | ||
Democratic Action | ||||||
75px | Luis Herrera Campins (1925–2007) |
12 March 1979 | 2 February 1984 | Direct elections | Lawyer | |
Copei | ||||||
Jaime Lusinchi (1924–2014) |
2 February 1984 | 2 February 1989 | Direct elections | Lawyer | ||
Democratic Action | ||||||
Carlos Andrés Pérez (1922–2010) |
2 February 1989 | 21 May 1993[5] | Direct elections | Politician | ||
Democratic Action | ||||||
Octavio Lepage (1923–) |
21 May 1993 | 5 June 1993 | Interim government[6] | Lawyer | ||
Democratic Action | ||||||
Ramón José Velásquez (1916–2014) |
5 June 1993 | 2 February 1994 | Interim government | Writer | ||
Democratic Action | ||||||
75px | Rafael Caldera (1916–2009) |
2 February 1994 | 2 February 1999 | Direct elections | Lawyer | |
National Convergence | ||||||
Hugo Chávez (1954–2013) |
2 February 1999 | 10 January 2001 | Direct elections | Officer (Lt. Colonel) | ||
Fifth Republic Movement | ||||||
Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela | ||||||
Hugo Chávez (1954–2013) |
10 January 2001 | 12 April 2002[7] | Direct elections | Officer (Lt. Colonel) | ||
Fifth Republic Movement | ||||||
Pedro Carmona (1941–) |
12 April 2002 | 13 April 2002 | Coup d'état | Businessman/Union leader | ||
Independent | ||||||
Diosdado Cabello (1963–) |
13 April 2002 | 14 April 2002 | Interim government | Engineer/Politician | ||
Fifth Republic Movement | ||||||
Hugo Chávez (1954–2013) |
14 April 2002 | 5 March 2013[8] | Restoration (first term) Direct elections (second term) |
Officer (Lt. Colonel) | ||
Fifth Republic Movement United Socialist Party |
||||||
Nicolás Maduro (1962–) |
5 March 2013 | Incumbent | Interim government (5 March – 19 April 2013) Direct elections (first term) |
Union leader/Bus driver[9] | ||
United Socialist Party |
See also
Notes
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ (Spanish) Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Briceño Perozo, Mario. "Mendoza, Cristóbal de" in Diccionario de Historia de Venezuela, Vol. 3. Caracas: Fundación Polar, 1999. ISBN 978-980-6397-37-8.
- ↑ Bustillos was appointed to the presidency in a provisional fashion after Juan Vicente Gómez, after himself being elected (by the National Assembly) as president. Gómez opted not to assume the presidency, instead choosing to continue in the role of commanding the Venezuelan Army.
- ↑ On May 21, 1993, Pérez resigned after being accused of corruption by the Attorney General.
- ↑ Octavio Lepage was the President of Congress and was in charge of the government until Ramón J. Velásquez was elected by Congress on June 5, 1993.
- ↑ On April 11, 2002, senior military officers refused Chávez's orders to carry out Plan Ávila. They launched a coup d'état attempt, arrested Chávez (saying he had resigned), and Pedro Carmona assumed the presidency on April 12. Following an uprising, aided by sectors of the military loyal to Chávez, the new government collapsed and Chávez was restored to power early on April 14. Between the deposing of Carmona on April 13 and the return of Chávez, Vice President Diosdado Cabello assumed the presidency.
- ↑ Chávez was never inaugurated for his fourth term due to his illness, and he died before inauguration could take place.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
References
- (Spanish) Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- (Spanish) Cuadro de Presidentes Venezolanos
- (Spanish) Presidentes y jefes de Gobierno
- (Spanish) Comentarios sobre la Lista de Presidentes