Prison officer

U.S. Marines military police officer shows restraints used for transporting detainees at Camp X-Ray, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba (January 10, 2002).

Corrections Officer

Occupation
Names	Correctional Officer, Corrections Officer, Detention Officer, Detention Deputy, Deputy Sheriff, Penal officer
Occupation type	Employment
Activity sectors	Law enforcement
Description
Competencies	See Working environment
Education required	See Training
Related jobs	Police officer

A prison officer (UK and Ireland, and the official English title in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden), also known as corrections officer (New Zealand, US), correctional officer (Australia, Canada, Jamaica, and US), detention officer (US) or penal officer (US), is a person responsible for the supervision, safety, and security of prisoners in a prison, jail, or similar form of secure custody. Historically, terms such as jailer (also spelled jailor or gaoler), jail guard, prison guard, and turnkey have also been used.

Corrections Officers are responsible for the care, custody, and control of individuals who have been arrested and are awaiting trial while on remand or who have been convicted of a crime and sentenced to serve time in a prison or jail. They are also responsible for the safety and security of the facility itself. Most officers are employed by the government of the jurisdiction in which they operate, though some are employed by private companies. Private Guard companies are not considered Law Enforcement, and as such, cannot statutorily carry firearms off-duty without a concealed weapons permit, unlike most state and county Corrections Officers.

Duties

A turnkey of a Paris prison, 19th century

Prison officers must maintain order and daily operations of the facility and are responsible for the care, custody, and control of inmates. A correction officer has a responsibility to control inmates who may be dangerous, and that society themselves do not wish to accommodate. An officer must always prevent disturbances, assaults, and escapes by supervising activities and work assignments of inmates. Officers have a responsibility to protect the public from incarcerated criminals, protect fellow officers from inmates and protect inmates from other inmates at all times. An officer must be alert and aware of any and all movement taking place inside the facility. Prevention is one of the key components to an officer's duties. Officers can utilize prevention by routinely searching inmates and their living quarters for potential threats such as weapons or drugs. An officer must make their presence known at all times and remain assertive and refuse to back down. An officer must be a disciplinarian and enforce the rules and punish when rules are violated. Correction officers also must take full concern for the health and safety of the facility. Officers check for unsanitary conditions, fire hazards, and/or any evidence of tampering or damage to locks, bars, grilles, doors, and gates. Officers must screen all incoming and outgoing mail as well as all visitors as a prevention method for future issues that could cause risk to safety and security of the facilities, inmates and staff. Correction officers also must assist in transportation responsibilities that may include transfers to other facilities, medical appointments, court appearances and other approved locations. Correction officers may assist police officer's on/off duty depending on their peace officer status and jurisdiction.

Training

Corrections officers' training will vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction as well as facility to facility depending on the legislated power given, the nature of the facilities, or even the socioeconomics of the region. Training may be provided by external agencies or at the facility with a peer-group or supervisor instructor.

In North America, standard training usually includes:

• Use of force and restraints (i.e., handcuffs, leg-irons, belly-chain, etc.)
• Weapons (firearms, batons, taser, etc.)
• Self-defense
• First aid and CPR
• Report writing
• Giving testimony in court
• Diffusion of hostility
• Interpersonal communication
• Correction law
• Criminal law
• Criminal procedure law
• Case work and criminal investigations
• Hostage negotiation
• Gang intelligence

Many jurisdictions have also, in recent years, expanded basic training to include:

• Suicide prevention/crisis intervention
• Critical incident stress management
• Occupational Safety and Health Act (U.S.) or Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (Canada)
• Gang awareness and intervention
• Crisis or hostage negotiation
• Law enforcement
• Drug abuse training
• Rehabilitation programs
• Rapid response trainings

See also

• Correctional Service of Canada
• Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services (Ontario, Canada)
• Bailiff (Ontario, Canada)
• Federal Bureau of Prisons (U.S.)
• Her Majesty's Prison Service (UK)
• New York State Department of Corrections and Community Supervision
• Correctional Emergency Response Team
• Law enforcement officer
• Police officer
• Deputy Sheriff (United States)
• Punjab Prisons (Pakistan)
• Texas Department of Criminal Justice

References

• Davenport, D. K. (2001). State of Arizona Office of the Auditor General Performance Audit: Arizona Department of Corrections. Sunset Factors Retrieved 8 March 2008 from http://www.auditorgen.state.az.us/Reports/State_Agencies/Agencies/Corrections
• Tracy, S. J. (2004). The construction of correctional officers: Layers of emotionality behind bars. Qualitative Inquiry, 10, 509–533.
• Tracy, S. J., Meyers, K., & Scott, C. (2007). Cracking jokes and crafting selves: Sensemaking and identity management among human service workers. Communication Monographs, 73, 283–308.
• Correctional Service of Canada; Correctional Officers and Their First Year: An Empirical Investigation