Raintree County (film)

Raintree County
File:Raintree movieposter.jpg Theatrical poster
Directed by	Edward Dmytryk
Produced by	David Lewis
Screenplay by	Millard Kaufman
Based on	Raintree County 1948 novel by Ross Lockridge, Jr.
Starring	Montgomery Clift Elizabeth Taylor Eva Marie Saint Lee Marvin Rod Taylor
Music by	Johnny Green
Cinematography	Robert Surtees
Edited by	John D. Dunning
Distributed by	Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM)
Release dates	December 20, 1957 (1957-12-20)
Running time	182 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English
Budget	$5,474,000
Box office	$9,080,000

Raintree County is a 1957 American Technicolor melodramatic film set during the American Civil War, directed by Edward Dmytryk. It stars Montgomery Clift, Elizabeth Taylor, Eva Marie Saint, and Lee Marvin.

It was adapted from the novel of the same name by Ross Lockridge, Jr.

Plot

In 1859, idealist John Wickliff Shawnessey (Montgomery Clift), a resident of Raintree County, Indiana, is distracted from his high school sweetheart Nell Gaither (Eva Marie Saint) by Susanna Drake (Elizabeth Taylor), a rich New Orleans girl. He has a brief and passionate affair with Susanna while she is visiting. Following her return to the South, she comes back to Indiana to tell Shawnessey she is pregnant with his child. John marries her out of honor and duty, leaving Nell heartbroken.

They move south to live with Susanna's family. He learns that Susanna's mother went insane and died in a suspicious fire, along with Susanna's father and a female slave implied as being the father's concubine. Susanna suspects that the slave may have been her biological mother. Gradually Susanna appears to be suffering from mental illness. She tells John that she faked pregnancy to trick him into marriage.

An abolitionist in the South, Shawnessey cannot fit in and they return to Freehaven in Raintree County before the outbreak of the Civil War. John works as a teacher and they have a child, Jimmy, born at the outbreak of the war. In the war's third year, Susanna develops severe paranoia and delusions. She flees Indiana with Jimmy and seeks refuge among her extended family in Georgia.

Shawnessey is determined to find her and recover his son. He enlists in the Union Army in hopes of encountering his wife and child. After fighting in terrible battles, he finds Jimmy at an old plantation and learns that Susanna has been placed in an insane asylum. He is wounded while carrying Jimmy back to Northern lines, and is discharged from the Union Army. Johnny searches for Susanna, finding her kept in terrible conditions at the asylum. He brings her back with him to Raintree County.

After the end of the war and President Abraham Lincoln's assassination, Shawnessey considers his future. Nell urges him to run for political office. Recognizing that Nell and John still love each other, Susanna sacrifices herself and deludedly enters the nearby swamp in the middle of the night to find the legendary raintree. Four-year-old Jimmy follows her. The search party eventually finds her body. John and Nell find Jimmy asleep and carry him out of the swamp, failing to see the tall raintree glowing in the sunlight.

Cast

• Montgomery Clift as John Wickliff Shawnessey
• Elizabeth Taylor as Susanna Drake
• Eva Marie Saint as Nell Gaither
• Nigel Patrick as Prof. Jerusalem Webster Stiles
• Lee Marvin as Orville 'Flash' Perkins
• Rod Taylor as Garwood B. Jones
• Agnes Moorehead as Ellen Shawnessy
• Walter Abel as T.D. Shawnessy
• Jarma Lewis as Barbara Drake
• Tom Drake as Bobby Drake
• Rhys Williams as Ezra Gray
• Russell Collins as Niles Foster
• DeForest Kelley as Southern officer

Production

The movie was a "passion project" for Dore Schary, then head of production at MGM. Rod Taylor actively campaigned for his role in the film. Raintree County was shot at various locations, including Dunleith and Elms Court antebellum mansions, Windsor Ruins, in Lorman, Mississippi; Reelfoot Lake in northwest Tennessee near the Kentucky border; and two locations in Kentucky, the Liberty Hall Historic Site on Wilkinson Street in Frankfort and settings in and near Danville.

During filming, Montgomery Clift was injured and nearly killed in a serious automobile accident: when feeling tired and suffering from a hangover, he drove into a telephone pole and wrecked his car. He broke his nose, cut his lip, and fractured his jaw in three places, which had to be wired back together by surgery. Although he spent weeks in surgery and recovery, he returned to finish the film. Damage to his face was apparent in several scenes filmed after the accident; the left side of his face was partially paralyzed. His performance in the scenes shot after the accident was also markedly different from those shot before; he began to drink heavily and take a concoction of drugs which made his face more haggard and gave his eyes a furtive look, and affected his attitude and posture. Edward Dmytryk later confessed in his autobiography It's a Hell of a Life but Not a Bad Living that he found "a hundred containers" of every kind of drug and "a beautiful leather case fitted with needles and syringes" in Clift's hotel room and once found him so drunk that his cigarette had burned itself out between his fingers. During filming in Danville, Clift's behavior grew increasingly erratic and bizarre, ordering his steak "blue-rare" (nearly uncooked) and adding masses of butter and pepper and eating it with his fingers, and running naked through the town, which resulted in a policeman being stationed outside his hotel room door to prevent him leaving during the night.

Elizabeth Taylor also had problems during the production with her period clothing, and on one occasion she collapsed from hyperventilation and was treated with Clift's bottle of Demerol and a syringe, delivered by the doctor. She took over a week to also recover from tachycardia following the incident. On set she was often late for filming and preoccupied with her romance with Mike Todd, who hired a commercial airliner to personally deliver some expensive presents to her in Danville.

Raintree County was the first film shot in a 65-millimeter widescreen process originally called MGM Camera 65, later renamed Ultra Panavision 70; it was also used for MGM's 1959 version of Ben Hur. Although MGM expected to release the film in 70mm, the studio ultimately opted not to as the only projectors at the time were being used to screen Mike Todd's Around the World in 80 Days. Due to the major delays in filming due to the issues with Clift and Taylor and the extravagant sets, the film was the most expensive US-based film in MGM's history, and Dmytryk never directed for MGM again. Though a success at the box office, it did not recoup its cost. In the credits for the film, the author's name is misspelled as Ross Rockridge Jr.

Reception

According to MGM records, the film earned $5,830,000 in North America and $3,250,000 internationally. But because of its high cost, the movie recorded a loss of $484,000.

The film today is almost universally panned by the critics and as of June 2014 it had a 11% rotten rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Most critics dislike the way it was intended as a Gone with the Wind clone and found the film too long and tedious to watch, although some have praised its cinematography and performances. Geoff Andrew of Time Out called the film an "elephantine bore".

Awards and nominations

Elizabeth Taylor was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. The film was nominated for Best Art Direction-Set Decoration (William A. Horning, Urie McCleary, Edwin B. Willis, Hugh Hunt), Best Costume Design and Best Music, Scoring.

See also

• List of American films of 1957

External links

• Raintree County at IMDb
• Raintree County at the TCM Movie Database
• Raintree County at AllMovie
• Raintree County at the American Film Institute Catalog