Rotonda della Besana
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The Rotonda della Besana (also known as Rotonda di Via Besana or Complesso di San Michele ai Nuovi Sepolcri, and originally as Foppone[1] della Ca' Granda)[2] is a late baroque building complex and former cemetery in Milan, Italy, built between 1695 and 1732[3] and located close to the city center. The complex comprises a lobate hectagonal colonnade portico enclosing a garden and the deconsacrated church of San Michele ai Sepolcri ("Saint Michael by the Sepulchers").[2] The portico was designed by architects Francesco Croce and Carlo Raffaello Raffagno, while the church was designed by Attilio Arrigoni.[2] Although originally a cemetery, over time the Rotonda has been adapted for a number of other uses; today, it is a leisure area and a venue for cultural events.
The complex covers an overall area of 7,100 m² and owes its current name to its location, at number 15 of Via Enrico Besana.[3]
History
The building was originally established to serve as a foppone (i.e., a cemetery for the poor)[1] for the Ospedale Maggiore (also known as the Ca' Granda, "Big House"), and hosted about 150,000 burials, placed in a complex system of underground catacombs (the catacombs are no longer accessible).[2][4] In 1787, under Austrian rule, cemeteries were moved outside the city walls, and the Rotonda cemetery was thus dismissed. Under Napoleonic rule, plans were made to redesign the Rotonda into a famedio (i.e., a honorific burial place) along the lines of the Panthéon in Paris, but these plans were later dismissed.[5] The Rotonda was thus adapted for a number of other uses, including as a stable and a barn.[4] In the 19th century it was returned to the Ospedale Maggiore, which used it as a cronicario (a shelter for the chronically sick)[3] and a laundry building.[4] The Ospedale eventually donated the structure to the Comune di Milano, in 1939. The Comune restored the complex and adapted it to serve as a green area and as a venue for cultural and social events.[3]
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References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 The Milanese word foppone is an augmentative form of foppa, which means "hole" and also "grave". A foppone is thus a large hole, i.e., originally, a common burial, such as those established after the plague pandemics; the meaning was later generalized to that of "cemetery". See [1] (in Italian).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 (Italian) La Rotonda della Besana, tempio della morte
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 (Italian) Giardino Rotonda della Besana
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 (Italian) Rotonda della Besana
- ↑ (Italian) Rotonda di Via Besana
