Seagull intersection

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Seagull, continuous green T, turbo-T, High-T intersection
Sketch in right-hand traffic layout

A seagull intersection[1] or continuous green T-intersection[2] (also known as a turbo-T[3] (in Florida) or High-T intersection (in Nevada and Utah)[4][5]) is a type of three-way road intersection, usually used on high traffic volume roads and dual carriageways. This form of intersection is popular in Australia and New Zealand, and sometimes used in the United States and other countries.

Seagull intersection on Broadway in Everett, Washington, USA, Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Design

Road sign used in Florida when a continuous green through lane is ahead.[6]

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Note: This section refers to countries driving on the left. For countries that drive on the right, reverse left and right.

Seagull intersections get their name from the pattern that the two right-turn lanes make when looking down from the air.

In a seagull intersection, one or more lanes of traffic on the arterial road, on the carriageway opposite the intersecting side road, are free flowing, that is, one direction of traffic on the arterial is allowed to travel straight through without stopping. The free-flowing lane(s) are called "continuous green through lane(s)" (CGTL).[citation needed] For the free-flowing through lanes, access into and out of the side road is provided via turn lanes separated from the through lanes in a configuration similar to exit and entrance ramps at an interchange; however, the turn lanes are at the same grade as both carriageways of the arterial and are located on the same side as the oncoming traffic.

Those wishing to turn right into the side road at the intersection, bear right into the turn lane, which forms one "wing" of the seagull. Here, they meet the opposite carriageway and the side road. Traffic wishing to turn right out of the side road, cross the intersecting carriageway, drive up the other "wing" of the seagull, and merge onto the other carriageway.[7]

For the arterial carriageway adjacent to the side road, access into and out of the side road is ordinarily handled like a conventional T intersection. However, some seagull intersections may have a second, smaller "seagull" formed by two left turning lanes into and out of the side road.

Different methods are used to control traffic where two right-turning movements and the through movement meet. Most intersections use traffic lights, while others use give way (yield) and stop signs, and sometimes roundabouts.

This design type has been proven to provide sustainable benefits when compared the traditional T-intersection design. By reducing delay through the intersection, automobiles use less fuel on average passing through the intersection, and thus emissions are reduced across the intersection. The savings per vehicle may not seem very significant, but when scaled to account for all automobiles passing through the intersection, the total emission savings are significant. Additionally, there are economic and social benefits to reducing delay time and allowing drivers to pass through the intersection quicker.[8] In the Netherlands, this type of intersection occurs by default when a T-junction has a bicycle path on the continuing road, and is not intersected by a roadway for motorized vehicles. The bicycle path may ignore red lights; it is only turning cyclists that must wait for the red light.[9]

History

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Note: This section refers to countries driving on the right. For countries that drive on the left, reverse right and left.

An experiment was done[by whom?][when?] in Illinois, United States to allow going straight on red (following rules analogous to those used for turns on red) when approaching a T junction on the main road, with the intersecting road on the left. It was a failure. However, at some T junctions where the main road includes at least two lanes on the side away from the intersecting road, the farthest (rightmost, in areas where traffic drives to the right) lane is given the right of way to proceed straight through the intersection at all times, denoted by a "green arrow" signal if a traffic light is installed at the intersection. In such cases, often that lane is also specially delimited with pavement markings or other lane separation devices, to keep left-turning traffic on the intersecting road from colliding with traffic proceeding through the intersection on the main road. The seagull intersection was developed as a safer variation of this.[3]

List of seagull intersections

Australia

  • Cotter Road at Streeton Drive – Weston Creek (near Canberra) Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Ginninderra Drive at William Slim Drive - Belconnen (near Canberra) Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Ginninderra Drive at Tillyard Drive - Belconnen (near Canberra) Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Highway 1 (Princes Highway) at Island Point Road – Tomerong, New South Wales Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[1]
  • Highway 1 (Princes Highway) at Kells Road – Tomerong, New South Wales Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Canada

In the Municipality of Delta, British Columbia:

  • at 72 Street and Hwy 91 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

In City of Saskatoon:

  • at College Drive to Central Avenue Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • at Circle Drive to Airport Drive Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • at Circle Drive to Laurier Drive Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • at Circle Drive to Clancy Drive Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • at 22nd Street to Hart Road Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Germany

New Zealand

Poland

  • aleja Młodzieży Polskiej (National Road 31) at Kościuszki (National Road 29) - Słubice Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

USA

References

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External links

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 John Harper, Wal Smart, Michael de Roos: Seagull Intersection Layout. Island Point Road – A Case Study 2000 – 2010
  2. ↑ Federal Highway Administration: Alternative Intersections/Interchanges: Informational Report (AIIR), Publication Number: FHWA-HRT-09-060, April 2010
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Utah DOT: http://www.udot.utah.gov/5400south/
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Nevada DOT: US93 Lakeshore v4 Handouts
  6. ↑ Edward S. Jarem: Safety and Operational Characteristics of Continuous Green Through Lanes at Signalized Intersections in Florida, Lake Mary, Florida 2004
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Intersection Decision Guide, Indiana Department of Transportation, Version 1.1 published 14 January 2014, retrieved 25 August 2015, P. 44
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Cycling past red lights in the Netherlands, YouTube, published 24 October 2012
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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