Shimonoseki
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Shimonoseki 下関市 |
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Core city | ||
Downtown Shimonoseki
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Location of Shimonoseki in Yamaguchi Prefecture |
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Location in Japan | ||
Coordinates: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. | ||
Country | Japan | |
Region | Chūgoku (San'yō) | |
Prefecture | Yamaguchi Prefecture | |
Government | ||
• Mayor | Tomoaki Nakao (since 2009) | |
Area | ||
• Total | 716.14 km2 (276.50 sq mi) | |
Population (October 1, 2010) | ||
• Total | 280,386 | |
• Density | 391.52/km2 (1,014.0/sq mi) | |
Symbols | ||
• Tree | Camphor Laurel | |
• Flower | Crinum asiaticum | |
Time zone | Japan Standard Time (UTC+9) | |
City Hall Address | 1-1 Nanbu, Shimonoseki-shi, Yamaguchi-ken 750-8521 |
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Website | www |
Shimonoseki (下関市 Shimonoseki-shi?) is a city located in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. It is at the southwestern tip of Honshu, facing the Tsushima Strait and also Kitakyushu across the Kanmon Straits.
Nicknamed the "Fugu Capital," it is known for the locally caught pufferfish and is the largest harvester of the pufferfish in Japan.
As of October 1, 2010, the city has an estimated population of 280,386 and a population density of 391.52 persons per km². The total area is 716.14 km².
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Contents
History
The Heike and Genji fought at Dan-no-ura near the present Kanmonkyo Bridge.
The city prior to 1902 was commonly known as Bakan (馬関) and formally Akamagaseki (赤間関).[citation needed]
On February 13, 2005, Shimonoseki absorbed the towns of Hōhoku, Kikugawa, Toyota and Toyoura (all from Toyoura District) to create the new and expanded city of Shimonseki. Since October 1, 2005, the city has been designated as a core city by the Japanese Government.[citation needed]
The geographical position of Shimonoseki has given it historical importance, especially with the Bombardment of Shimonoseki in 1864 and the Treaty of Shimonoseki, where a defeated China handed over Taiwan, Penghu, and Port Arthur to the victorious Japanese in 1895.[citation needed]
An Imperial decree in July 1899 established Shimonoseki as an open port for trading with the United States and the United Kingdom.[1]
On January 7, 2006, the wooden station building at Shimonoseki station, which had dated back to 1942, was destroyed in a fire, the cause of which is suspected to be arson.[citation needed]
Climate
Shimonoseki has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) with hot summers and cool winters. Precipitation is significant throughout the year, but is heavier in summer.
Climate data for Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Average high °C (°F) | 8.5 (47.3) |
9.0 (48.2) |
12.3 (54.1) |
17.4 (63.3) |
21.5 (70.7) |
24.7 (76.5) |
28.8 (83.8) |
30.3 (86.5) |
26.8 (80.2) |
21.8 (71.2) |
16.6 (61.9) |
11.4 (52.5) |
19.09 (66.35) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.8 (42.4) |
6.0 (42.8) |
8.9 (48) |
13.7 (56.7) |
17.8 (64) |
21.3 (70.3) |
25.6 (78.1) |
27.0 (80.6) |
23.5 (74.3) |
18.3 (64.9) |
13.3 (55.9) |
8.5 (47.3) |
15.81 (60.44) |
Average low °C (°F) | 3.4 (38.1) |
3.5 (38.3) |
5.9 (42.6) |
10.6 (51.1) |
14.8 (58.6) |
18.7 (65.7) |
23.3 (73.9) |
24.6 (76.3) |
20.8 (69.4) |
15.4 (59.7) |
10.5 (50.9) |
5.9 (42.6) |
13.12 (55.6) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 73.5 (2.894) |
76.8 (3.024) |
108.5 (4.272) |
158.4 (6.236) |
161.3 (6.35) |
278.5 (10.965) |
264.2 (10.402) |
126.8 (4.992) |
179.7 (7.075) |
95.1 (3.744) |
78.7 (3.098) |
58.2 (2.291) |
1,659.7 (65.343) |
Average snowfall cm (inches) | 5 (2) |
5 (2) |
1 (0.4) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1 (0.4) |
12 (4.8) |
Average relative humidity (%) | 65 | 66 | 68 | 73 | 75 | 80 | 82 | 78 | 76 | 70 | 69 | 66 | 72.3 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 89.7 | 106.1 | 165.9 | 176.0 | 200.7 | 159.0 | 183.0 | 213.2 | 164.4 | 177.6 | 132.2 | 100.0 | 1,867.8 |
Source: NOAA (1961-1990)[2] |
Economy
Major companies and institutes
- Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd., Shimonoseki Shipyard and Machinery Works
- Yamaguchi Financial Group, Inc.
- The Yamaguchi Bank, Ltd.
- Momiji Bank,Ltd.
- YM Securities Co.,Ltd.
- Hayashikane Sangyo Co., Ltd.
- Chofu Seisakusho Co., Ltd.
- Harakosan Co., Ltd.
- Minato-Yamaguchi Co., Ltd.
- Yamaguchi Shimbun
- Minato Shimbun
Transportation
Ferries from Shimonoseki Port International Terminal
- The Kanpu ferry to Pusan in South Korea regularly.
- The Gwangyang Beech to Gwangyang in South Korea regularly.
- The Orient ferry to Qingdao in China regularly.
- The Orient ferry to Shanghai in China regularly.
Trains
- The main Shinkansen station
- The main JR West stations
- Sanyō Main Line
- Shimonoseki Station
- Hatabu Station - Hatabu Station is a railway station on the Sanyō Main Line and the San'in Main Line.
- Shin-Shimonoseki Station - Shin-Shimonoseki Station is a railway station on the Sanyō Shinkansen Line and the Sanyō Main Line.
- Chōfu Station
- Ozuki Station
- San'in Main Line
- Sanyō Main Line
Buses
Regular bus services are provided by Sanden Kohtsu, as well as by group companies of Sanden Kohtsu.
- Bus companies (A loop-line bus in the city.)
- Sanden Kohtsu Co.,Ltd.
- Blue Line Kohtsu Co.,Ltd.
- Intercity bus services (arrival and departure in Shimonoseki city) go to the following destinations: Tokyo, Osaka, Kobe, Hiroshima, Fukuoka, Fukuoka Airport, etc.
Roads
Expressway
- Shimonoseki interchange
- Ozuki interchange
Bypasses
- Ozuki Bypass
- Shimonoseki-Kita Bypass
National Highways
Airports
Shimonoseki is served by four airports outside the city.
- Kitakyūshū Airport
- Kokura Airport
- Yamaguchi Ube Airport (only for domestic flights)
- Fukuoka Airport
Education
Universities and colleges
- National Fisheries University (水産大学校 Suisan daigakkō?) (Yoshimi)
- Shimonoseki City University (Daigaku-cho)
- University of East Asia (Shin-Shimonoseki Station)
- Baiko Gakuin University (Higashieki)
- Shimonoseki Junior College (Sakurayama-cho)
Primary and secondary schools
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. The city has a North Korean school, Yamaguchi Korean Elementary and Junior High School (山口朝鮮初中級学校).[3] It formerly housed two other North Korean schools, Yamaguchi Korean High School and Shimonoseki Korean Elementary and Junior High School (下関朝鮮初中級学校).[4]
Culture
Regional specialties
Specialty products
Festivals
Shimonoseki is home to many festivals that are held throughout the year. Of these, the most famous are Shimonoseki Kaikyo Festival and Shimonoseki Bakan Festival.
- Shimonoseki Fugu (Blowfish) Festival (February) : Haedomari Market
- Kawatana Onsen(hot spring) Festival (April)
- Shimonoseki Kaikyo Festival (May) : Karato, Ganryujima Island
- Suhouteisai Festival (August) : Castle town Chofu
- Kanmon Kaikyo Fireworks Festival (August) : Karato(Aruka Port area)
- Shimonoseki Bakan Festival (August) : Along the street from Karato-cho to Shimonoseki Station
- TOUR de Shimonoseki (October/November)
- Shimonoseki Kaikyo Marathon (November)
- Shimonoseki Fish Festival (November) : Shimonoseki Fishing Port
- Little Busan Fest (November) : Green Mall
Architecture
- Kōzan-ji - The butsuden completed in 1320 is a National Treasure of Japan.
- Akama Shrine
- Kaikyō Yume Tower
Museums
- Shimonoseki City Art Museum
- Shimonoseki Chofu Museum
- Shimonoseki City Archaeological Museum
- Shimonoseki Marine Science Museum (Shimonoseki City Aquarium) (Kaikyo Kan)
- Doigahama Site Anthropological Museum
- The firefly museum of toyota town
- The Yamagin Archive (やまぎん史料館) of the Yamaguchi Bank
Sports
Professional Teams
Sporting venues
- Shimonoseki Baseball Stadium
- Shimonoseki Boat Race Stadium (Shimonoseki Kyōtei)
- Shimonoseki City Gymnasium
- Shimonoseki Track and field stadium
- Shimonoseki city swimming pool
- Nogihama General Park (Football stadium)
Crime and safety
The Goda-ikka yakuza syndicate is headquartered in Shimonoseki. A designated yakuza group, the Goda-ikka is the largest yakuza syndicate in Yamaguchi Prefecture.[5]
Twin cities
Shimonoseki has one Japanese and five international sister cities:[6]
- Santos (São Paulo), Brazil, since 1971
- Istanbul, Turkey, since 1972
- Busan, South Korea, since 1976
- Qingdao, China, since 1979
- Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, since 1995
- Pittsburg, California, U.S., since 1998
- Kikugawa, Shizuoka, Japan
Notable people
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- Shinzo Abe (90th Prime Minister of Japan)
- Takasugi Shinsaku
- Duncan Gordon Boyes
- Richard Henry Brunton
- Kinuyo Tanaka
- Yusaku Matsuda
- Atsushi Tamura (Comedian, actor and singer)
References
- ↑ US Department of State. (1906). A digest of international law as embodied in diplomatic discussions, treaties and other international agreements (John Bassett Moore, ed.), Vol. 5, p. 759.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ "ウリハッキョ一覧" (Archive). Chongryon. Retrieved on October 14, 2015.
- ↑ "ウリハッキョ一覧" (Archive). Chongryon. November 6, 2005. Retrieved on October 15, 2015.
- ↑ "The 7th President announces the succession, The Goda-ikka, The Prefectural Police on red alert", 21 October 2009, Yamaguchi Shimbun (Japanese)
- ↑ http://www2.city.shimonoseki.yamaguchi.jp/www/contents/1180694927874/html/common/465ff9ec008.html
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi. |
- Shimonoseki City official website (Japanese)
- Shimonoseki City official website in other languages
- Shimonoseki travel guide from Wikivoyage
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- Shimonoseki City Tourism Promotion Film Shimonoseki City Official Channel
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- Articles with Japanese-language external links
- Articles containing Japanese-language text
- Articles with unsourced statements from January 2015
- Articles using small message boxes
- Commons category link is locally defined
- Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from The American Cyclopaedia
- Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from The American Cyclopaedia with a Wikisource reference
- Shimonoseki
- Cities in Yamaguchi Prefecture
- Port settlements in Japan
- Populated coastal places in Japan