Simmons (electronic drum company)

The SDS 5 Electronic Drum Kit, ca.1981.

File:Simmons SDS 5 Electric Drum, Deutsches Museum.jpg

Simmons SDS 5 front view

Simmons is an electronic drum brand, which originally was a pioneering British manufacturer of electronic drums. Founded in 1978 by Dave Simmons, it supplied electronic kits from 1980 to 1994. The drums' distinctive, electronic sound can be found on countless albums from the 1980s. The company closed in 1999 and the Simmons name is currently owned by Guitar Center.

The SDS 5 (or SDSV; notated as SDS-5) was developed in conjunction with Richard James Burgess of Landscape and released in 1981. The first recordings of the instrument were made by Burgess, on From the Tea-rooms of Mars ...., "Chant No. 1" by Spandau Ballet, and "Angel Face" by Shock. After Burgess and Spandau Ballet appeared on Top of the Pops with the instrument, many other musicians began to use the new technology, including the following: Howard Jones, Jez Strode of Kajagoogoo, John Keeble of Spandau Ballet, Roger Taylor of Duran Duran, Darren Costin of Wang Chung, Rick Allen of Def Leppard, Thomas Dolby, Prince, Phil Collins, Neil Peart, Bill Bruford, Talk Talk's album The Party's Over, Cameo, Jonzun Crew, Depeche Mode, and Vangelis.

History

Single-pad analog drum synthesizers, including the Pollard Syndrum and the Synare, were introduced in the 1970s, but their unrealistic sound made them generally more suitable for use as a percussion effect than as a replacement for traditional drums. They became a popular element in disco records, especially after the release of music from Star Wars, and can be heard on songs by The Jacksons and Rose Royce.

Around 1978 while working for the company Musicaid in St. Albans, Dave Simmons developed a device with similar capabilities to the Syndrum and Synare, which he called the SDS-3. The SDS-3 featured four drum channels and a noise generator; the SDS-4 was a functionally similar two-channel version. At this juncture, the drum pads were round, with wooden frames and real 8-inch drum heads. Musicaid was also the distributor for the Lyricon wind synthesizer as played by John L. Walters of Landscape. Walters introduced Richard James Burgess to Simmons and Burgess began using the SDS-3s and SDS-4s live, on stage, with his band Landscape. Recognizing the potential for a fully electronic drum set that could replace the traditional acoustic set rather than supplement it, Burgess began collaborating with Dave Simmons. They mocked up the sounds and flowchart using an ARP 2600 synthesizer. Since Burgess was using the instrument in a live setting, they developed the four customizable preset buttons. The distinctive hexagonal shape came about after triangles and bat-wing mock-ups had been tried. Burgess finally decided that a honeycomb shape would fit together ergonomically and be simple yet distinctive in appearance. A limited edition of what Simmons referred to as the Mount Rushmore Head sets were also built. Burgess has two of these sets. The basic descending tom-tom sound was modeled after the way Burgess tuned his Pearl single-headed concert tom kit on which he would loosen one tension rod, causing a wrinkle in the head and creating a descending pitch after the tom was hit.

Burgess had recorded extensively with the prototype of the SDS-5 on the Landscape album, with Shock and Spandau Ballet before the SDS-V (5), was introduced commercially in 1981. The world's first fully electronic drum set, the SDS-V featured the famous hexagonal pads and distinctive "dzzshhh" sound heard in countless songs by 1980s bands, including Duran Duran and Rush. The standard configuration consisted of an expandable rack-mountable "brain", containing the various drum sounds, and pad modules for bass drum, snare, and three toms. Two spare slots are available so that cymbal or extra tom modules can be added; drummers may choose to use acoustic cymbals rather than the Simmons sounds, which have been compared to that of a trash can lid. Connections to the unit were by XLR plugs, and it can be interfaced with a drum sequencer.

The SDS-V's biggest disadvantage was the solid polycarbonate heads on the pads. Simmons chose this material for its durability, but the heads' lack of "give" often resulted in wrist pain for users. Soon after, Simmons began shipping pads with soft rubber surfaces. The SDS-V became an instant hit, with Simmons endorsing several drummers, and the distinctive pad shape becoming an icon of the 1980s.

In the USA, Simmons's rapid success was due largely to the work of UK session drummer Glyn Thomas. With the agreement of Dave Simmons, Group Centre Inc. became the sole distributors of all Simmons Electronics products in the USA. After visiting and demoing the SDS-V to music stores in New York, Washington, Los Angeles and Chicago, he secured orders from them all. Manufacturing was ramped up quickly in time for the NAMM Music Expo in Chicago and after staging a series of demos featuring Bill Bruford, dozens more music store owners from all over the country signed up to this electronic revolution, and that expansion quickly established the Simmons name in the rest of the USA.

More models

File:Simmons MTM, SDS 7, SDS 800, along with Tama Techstar TS305 (bottom left) - Shawn Rudiman's Studio.jpg

Simmons models:

• MTM: 8 ch MIDI-Trigger Converter
• SDS 7: Modular sample player
       with analog filters
• Tama Techstar TS305 : (bottom left)
• SDS 800: 4 ch analog drum synthesizer

During the lifetime of the SDS-V, Simmons also produced a compact trigger unit about the size of a suitcase, containing seven small pads. Used in conjunction with the SDS-V brain, this allowed players to add Simmons sounds to an existing acoustic kit without incorporating a set of full-size pads. This unit was used extensively by New Order at the time.

Also available at the same time was the SDS-6 drum sequencer, used to great effect by artists such as Howard Jones.

Following the success of the SDS-V, Simmons expanded their range in 1983, replacing the V with another modular rack-based brain called the SDS-7, which features digital sampling sounds on EPROM for the first time, expandable up to twelve modules, and redesigned pads, featuring a skin of rubber to make playing a little easier. The unit uses 8-bit samples and a programmable memory, but is prone to malfunctioning and loss of memory, making it unpopular in a live context.

The same year, they also produced the cheaper analog-only SDS-8, which featured a single, non-expandable desktop-style brain with one unalterable factory preset and one custom user preset for each channel. The SDS-8 kit was supplied with four tom pads and a bass pad, using similar hardware to the earlier SDS-V, but in a more budget style, such as using jack leads instead of XLR connectors. The sounds were similar to the SDS-V, but, to the discerning ear, not up to the same quality. However, the kit has remained a popular alternative to the SDS-V for those seeking analogue Simmons sounds.

Also available at the time were a number of smaller devices, such as an SDS-EPB E-PROM Blower to write samples onto the chips, a Digital ClapTrap unit, which is a digital clap sound device, a sound very popular in 1980s music.

Simmons began to expand their product line with smaller kits and pads, including the SDS-1, which was a single pad with a built-in EPROM reader for playing a single drum sound sample, and the all-analog SDS-200 (2 tom system), SDS-400 (4 tom system), and SDS-800 (bass, snare, and 2 tom system). These products were aimed at acoustic drummers who wanted to add a couple of Simmons pads to their kit on a budget. Some of these products also feature the run generator, which allows drummers to play a descending drum roll with a single pad hit.

In 1985, Simmons introduced the SDS-9, a hybrid digital/analog brain with three changeable EEPROM channels (kick, snare, and rim) and analog-synthesized toms. It also featured 40 presets (20 factory and 20 user-programmable) and a built-in digital delay. This kit was yet another well received product for Simmons as it combines realistic sounds in an inexpensive, compact brain. Following customer feedback, Simmons also produced a new series of drum pads using "floating" drum heads and changeable shells. The snare drum had an extra trigger for the rim. Again, this improved the playability of the kit.

Another brain was introduced in 1986 called the SDS-1000, and was, in effect, the same sounds as the SDS-9 (without the ability to change the EPROMS) in a slim 1U, MIDI-enabled, rack mountable unit. The snare sounds, however, are more realistic and clear than the SDS-9. The SDS-1000 also includes a "second skin feature, which emulates the sound of dual-headed drums.

The SDX

In 1987, after the SDS-9, Simmons decided to enter into the high-end professional market and created the revolutionary SDX. It introduced new features that were unheard of in other electronic drums such as "zone intelligence" and "pad layering". Some of these ideas were not revisited by other companies until nearly 15 years after the SDX.

Zone Intelligence allows for up to three samples to be assigned to different positional locations on a pad for a more realistic sound. With pad layering, up to nine different samples can be triggered via different strike velocities and positions, selecting samples from a 3 by 3 matrix. The samples can also be further manipulated by applying positive or negative values on a matrix (routed to both position and dynamic), simultaneously affecting the following aspects of the sound: volume, pitch, brightness, panning, noise element, and sample start point. All or any of these aspects of the sound, are both programmable and continuously variable dependent upon strike position and strike velocity and were user programmable in the extreme.The SDX is the first Simmons kit since the SDS-7 to support cymbal sounds, using pads called "Symbals" which simulate the swaying motion of real cymbals with a swivel rod. The SDX include a built-in sampler with a floppy disk drive, internal SCSI hard disk drive and optional external SCSI ZIP or Syquest drives as the methods of data storage. The SDX introduced a new way of modifying sounds. Rather than knobs and switches, it features a 9" monochrome CRT screen with a GUI controlled by a trackball, similar to the early Mac OS. SDX OS allows users to fully modify sounds with an easy-to-use interface. It also features a full 64-track real-time sequencer with the ability to nondestructively quantize recordings and sync them to MIDI.

Sales of the SDX were limited due to its high price, costing around $10,154. The factory sounds included with the SDX did not match the quality expected for a system of such advanced technology, so many drummers chose to sample their own sounds. In 1988, the SDX software was updated to make SDX suitable for use with MIDI keyboards, thus offering a sound source rivaling the Fairlight CMI for a fraction of the price. Approximately 250 SDX Consoles were sold.

Primary users of SDX included Bill Bruford with ABWH and King Crimson and also Danny Carey with Tool. The SDX also featured on Pip Greasley's The 5k Pursuit Opera C4TV [1991] where it was played by Bruce Mason.

Decline

By the time of the launch of the SDX, the company had seen a dramatic fall in their sales as drummers abandoned electronics to return to their acoustic kits. Additionally, due to expensive R&D and manufacturing costs of the SDX, Simmons was losing money. Their final kit was released in 1989, called the SDS-2000, featuring sounds from the SDX library, digital effects, further refined pads, and a new company logo. Along with the SDS-2000, Simmons manufactured pads with real drumheads called Hexaheads, along with Minihexes, smaller-sized pads sometimes used as cymbal pads. This system saw a commercial decline in light of competitors such as Roland and Yamaha, and the evolution of musical styles from the 80s into the 90s. During the 90's, Simmons shifted their focus from drum synthesis to drum triggering and MIDI control, with products like the ADT (acoustic drum trigger) and Trixter (triggered electric drums (digital samples) from acoustic drum mics), Drum Huggers (small clip-on acoustic drum triggers/pads), and the Silicon Mallet (a xylophone-style MIDI controller). One of Simmons's last products, the Turtle Trap, is a MIDI controller made from the shell of a bass drum pad, with the pads being the surfaces of Minihexes. However, all of these products sold poorly compared to the company's peak period. In 1999, the company officially closed.

Relaunch

In 2005, Guitar Center acquired the rights to the Simmons trademark and began marketing affordable Chinese-manufactured electronic drums (commercialized under other names in the world) under the Simmons name and original logo. These kits have no relationship to the original company. However, some of the kits' designs feature traces of the familiar hexagon shape, similar model numbers, and built-in samples of the classic Simmons sounds. Dave Simmons publicly opposes Guitar Center's acquisition of the name and is reportedly seeking legal action.

Notable users

• Edward Priesner of Neon Indian
• Mariana A Saldana of //TENSE//
• Jon Farriss of INXS
• Jo Hammer of Jean Michel Jarre
• Dave Weckl of Chick Corea Elektric Band
• Vinnie Colaïuta
• Peter Erskine
• Frank Ricotti
• Mel Pritchard of Barclay James Harvest
• Alan White of Yes
• Bunny Rizzitelli of Space Art / FR Davids / JM Jarre (Concerts in China 81)
• Richard James Burgess of Landscape
• Rusty Egan Visage / Skids/ Phill Lynott /Rich Kids
• John Keeble of Spandau Ballet
• Lele Melotti (drummer)
• Alex Van Halen of Van Halen
• Neil Peart of Rush from 1983–89
• Nick Mason with Pink Floyd
• Producer Gus Dudgeon played the SDS-V on two of Elton John's albums, 1985's Ice on Fire, and 1986's Leather Jackets (album)
• Manuel De Peppe of Bee Hive and Bee Hive Reunion
• Gary Wallis with Pink Floyd had a massive rig of Simmons
• Jeff Phillips with Howard Jones and Chris de Burgh
• Franck Vaillant - Independent Musician
• Peter van Hooke of Mike + The Mechanics
• Terry Williams with Dire Straits
• Bobby Rivkin with Prince
• Danny Carey with Tool
• Jon King of Gang of Four
• Bryn Burrows of Freur
• Herwig Mitteregger of Spliff
• Ali Score of A Flock of Seagulls
• Danny Simcic of Real Life
• Darren Costin of Wang Chung
• Don Henley of The Eagles
• Josh Freese endorsed Simmons at the age of 12
• Larry Troutman of Zapp
• Lee Harris of Talk Talk
• Steve Negus of Saga
• Alan Wilder of Depeche Mode
• Bill Bruford of Yes and King Crimson (one of the first and last users of Simmons, used them from 1981-1998)
• Mike Lee of SKYY band and Grover Washington, Jr.
• John Fell of Alonso Brito and Heroine Sheiks
• Chris Vrenna with Nine Inch Nails
• Josh Freese with Nine Inch Nails
• Roger Taylor of Queen
• Roger Taylor (not to be confused with the above drummer of the same name) of Duran Duran on Hungry Like The Wolf.
• Phil Collins of Genesis - Notably on 'Second Home by the Sea' on their 1983 eponymous album, and 'The Brazilian' on their 1986 album Invisible Touch; also during his solo career, notably on "Who Said I Would" from his 1985 album No Jacket Required
• Chester Thompson, drummer for Phil Collins and Genesis
• Peter Hook of New Order played a Simmons Briefcase which can be seen on the video for "The Perfect Kiss"
• Warren Cann of Ultravox
• Jon Moss of Culture Club
• Jerzy Piotrowski of Kombi
• Colin Schofield of The Touch and Koby Drums
• Chris Kavanagh and Ray Mayhew of Sigue Sigue Sputnik
• David Robinson of The Cars
• Mercury Caronia of Industry
• Yukihiro Takahashi of Yellow Magic Orchestra and Sadistic Mika Band
• Jet Black of The Stranglers
• Eric Carr of Kiss used electronic pads on all his drum kits Since 1985
• Simmons made a special kit for Def Leppard drummer Rick Allen following Allen's loss of his left arm in a car accident. Allen and Simmons spent over a year developing a kit that used foot pedals to compensate for the missing arm.

See also

• Pollard Syndrum
• Electronic Drum

References

Bibliography

• .

Other

External links

• Virtual Simmons museum
• Simmons at synth.net
• Simmons drums user forum on Yahoo Groups
• A Simmons drums fan site
• The new "Simmons Drums" site, from Guitar Center