South Hampshire

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For the former parliamentary constituency, see South Hampshire (UK Parliament constituency).
Location of the boroughs of South Hampshire
File:South Hampshire population density map, 2011 census.png
Population density map

South Hampshire is a term used mainly to refer to the conurbation formed by the city of Portsmouth, city of Southampton and the non-metropolitan boroughs of Gosport, Fareham, Havant and Eastleigh in southern Hampshire, South East England. The area was estimated to have a population of over 1.5 million in 2013.[1] It is the most populated part of South East England excluding London. The area is sometimes referred to as Solent City particularly in relation to local devolution,[2] but the term is controversial.[3][4]

History

Harold Wilson's Labour government commissioned town planner Colin Buchanan in 1965 to study the region. He found a region of growing economic importance, in desperate need of proper planning to avoid unplanned sprawl, and suggested the construction of a modernist urban area between Southampton and Portsmouth.[5] However this was resisted by local authorities who occupied the proposed development sites, and Buchanan's plans were never put into effect.[1]

Instead, as a result of high-tech industry and services, the area was able to grow largely without overall planning to become perhaps the most densely populated region of the UK.[1] In the late 20th century mass manufacturing of ordinary commodities declined, leaving several town and city neighbourhoods impoverished and suffering unemployment; however by the early 21st century high income and retirement properties came to dominate some neighbourhoods, particularly close to universities, and many suburbs and exurbs. Centrally planned building programmes included large estates, connected by new road networks, for commercial and residential use by Hampshire County Council's architects, led by Colin Stansfield Smith. Otherwise development has tended to be on a case-by-case basis for retail parks, business parks and housing.[1]

The Solent Local Enterprise Partnership (LEP) is a collaboration between local authorities, universities and businesses set up in 2011 by the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills.[6][7] Different departments of the Solent LEP are distributed across the area, with its 'Growth Hub' being based in Southampton.[8] On 12 November 2013 the government announced the second wave of City Deals, with a successful joint bid of Southampton and Portsmouth providing £953 million of investment into the Solent LEP.[9]

Various attempts at a South Hampshire or Solent City devolution deal have been made, but saw minor local resistance, stemming from the Southampton-Portsmouth rivalry, as well as from the more rural Isle of Wight.[10][11] Whilst the proposal did otherwise see continued support, particularly from councillors,[12] by 2018 talks with the government had stalled.[10][13] More recent proposals have included southeast Dorset, that is Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole (BCP). After another bid was submitted in 2021, Gerald Vernon-Jackson claimed the government were "keen" on including BCP in a potential deal.[14] A November 2022 report by BCP Council suggested a Central South deal as an alternative to a Pan-Hampshire deal with BCP tacked on.[15]

Geography

200px
Southampton and Portsmouth are the largest urban centres of South Hampshire

The region can be subdivided into two conurbations, one centred around Southampton and one around Portsmouth. Most of the area is in the Hampshire districts of Gosport, Fareham, Havant, Eastleigh, Portsmouth and Southampton. All of these districts have high population densities, with Portsmouth and Southampton being the most densely populated districts in England outside Greater London.[16] Other parts of the area are in the Test Valley, East Hampshire, City of Winchester and New Forest districts, all of which have lower population densities. Small parts of the area are also in the West Sussex district of Chichester.

Climate

The climate is temperate oceanic, Cfb in the Köppen climate classification.

Climate data for Southampton, elevation 3 m, 1981–2010
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 8.4
(47.1)		 8.6
(47.5)		 11.1
(52)		 14.0
(57.2)		 17.5
(63.5)		 20.2
(68.4)		 22.4
(72.3)		 22.3
(72.1)		 19.8
(67.6)		 15.6
(60.1)		 11.7
(53.1)		 8.9
(48)		 15.1
(59.2)
Average low °C (°F) 2.9
(37.2)		 2.6
(36.7)		 4.1
(39.4)		 5.7
(42.3)		 9.0
(48.2)		 11.7
(53.1)		 13.7
(56.7)		 13.7
(56.7)		 11.4
(52.5)		 8.9
(48)		 5.4
(41.7)		 3.2
(37.8)		 7.7
(45.9)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 81.4
(3.205)		 58.3
(2.295)		 60.0
(2.362)		 50.7
(1.996)		 49.0
(1.929)		 50.4
(1.984)		 42.0
(1.654)		 50.4
(1.984)		 60.4
(2.378)		 93.8
(3.693)		 94.0
(3.701)		 89.2
(3.512)		 779.4
(30.685)
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) 12.2 9.2 10.1 8.8 8.2 7.7 7.4 7.7 8.7 11.5 11.5 11.8 114.7
Mean monthly sunshine hours 63.3 84.4 118.3 179.8 212.1 211.2 221.8 207.7 148.1 113.0 76.6 52.9 1,689.3
Source #1: Met Office (normals)[17]
Source #2: Calculated from Met Office Data[18]
Climate data for Southsea, Portsmouth 1976-2006
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 9.6
(49.3)		 8.8
(47.8)		 10.6
(51.1)		 13.4
(56.1)		 16.8
(62.2)		 19.4
(66.9)		 21.8
(71.2)		 21.8
(71.2)		 19.3
(66.7)		 15.8
(60.4)		 12.0
(53.6)		 10.0
(50)		 14.94
(58.88)
Average low °C (°F) 5.1
(41.2)		 4.3
(39.7)		 5.4
(41.7)		 6.4
(43.5)		 9.6
(49.3)		 12.3
(54.1)		 15.0
(59)		 15.0
(59)		 12.8
(55)		 10.9
(51.6)		 7.5
(45.5)		 5.9
(42.6)		 9.18
(48.52)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 65
(2.56)		 50
(1.97)		 52
(2.05)		 42
(1.65)		 28
(1.1)		 40
(1.57)		 32
(1.26)		 43
(1.69)		 62
(2.44)		 81
(3.19)		 72
(2.83)		 80
(3.15)		 647
(25.46)
Average rainy days 11.2 9.5 8.3 7.6 6.5 7.4 5.4 6.6 8.5 10.9 10.3 11.2 103.4
Mean monthly sunshine hours 67.9 89.6 132.7 200.5 240.8 247.6 261.8 240.7 172.9 121.8 82.3 60.5 1,919.1
Percent possible sunshine 26 31 36 49 51 51 54 54 46 37 31 25 40.9
Source: Met Office[19]
Climate data for a Rough climate of Havant
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 17
(63)		 16
(61)		 21
(70)		 25
(77)		 32
(90)		 36
(97)		 35
(95)		 37
(99)		 34
(93)		 27
(81)		 18
(64)		 16
(61)		 37
(99)
Average high °C (°F) 8
(46)		 8
(46)		 11
(52)		 13
(55)		 17
(63)		 20
(68)		 23
(73)		 24
(75)		 19
(66)		 16
(61)		 11
(52)		 9
(48)		 14.9
(58.8)
Average low °C (°F) 2
(36)		 1
(34)		 3
(37)		 5
(41)		 8
(46)		 11
(52)		 13
(55)		 14
(57)		 12
(54)		 8
(46)		 5
(41)		 3
(37)		 7.1
(44.7)
Record low °C (°F) −10
(14)		 −9
(16)		 −8
(18)		 −4
(25)		 −1
(30)		 2
(36)		 5
(41)		 6
(43)		 0
(32)		 −4
(25)		 −6
(21)		 −8
(18)		 −10
(14)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 85
(3.35)		 60
(2.36)		 62
(2.44)		 54
(2.13)		 50
(1.97)		 50
(1.97)		 42
(1.65)		 57
(2.24)		 74
(2.91)		 90
(3.54)		 85
(3.35)		 90
(3.54)		 799
(31.45)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 65 85 130 200 230 235 255 230 170 125 90 60 1,875
Source: Met Office[19]
Climate data for Solent MRSC, (1981–2010 averages).
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 8.2
(46.8)		 8.2
(46.8)		 10.5
(50.9)		 13.2
(55.8)		 16.7
(62.1)		 19.2
(66.6)		 21.4
(70.5)		 21.4
(70.5)		 19.0
(66.2)		 15.5
(59.9)		 11.5
(52.7)		 8.7
(47.7)		 14.5
(58.1)
Average low °C (°F) 3.4
(38.1)		 2.8
(37)		 4.5
(40.1)		 6.1
(43)		 9.2
(48.6)		 12.1
(53.8)		 14.2
(57.6)		 14.3
(57.7)		 12.2
(54)		 9.6
(49.3)		 6.2
(43.2)		 3.8
(38.8)		 8.2
(46.8)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 68.8
(2.709)		 49.3
(1.941)		 51.6
(2.031)		 42.4
(1.669)		 43.4
(1.709)		 42.0
(1.654)		 44.5
(1.752)		 50.0
(1.969)		 53.7
(2.114)		 86.2
(3.394)		 83.2
(3.276)		 83.9
(3.303)		 699
(27.521)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 11.6 9.6 8.3 8.3 7.1 6.9 7.0 7.3 8.7 10.5 11.2 12.2 108.6
Source: Met Office Solent MRSC, Thorney Island

Demography

The following Built-up areas fall inside the South Hampshire metropolitan area have a combined population of 1,086,786.

By council boundaries

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File:South Hampshire Districts Map.svg
Map of the districts making up Portsmouth urban area (blue) and Southampton urban area (red)

The following populations is those of council boundaries that are considered part of the South Hampshire conurbation.

South Hampshire built-up area

In the 2001 census Portsmouth and Southampton were recorded as being parts of separate urban areas; but by the 2011 census they had merged to become the sixth largest built-up area in England, with a population of 855,569.[20] The new built-up area also merged with smaller urban areas called Locks Heath, Bursledon, Whiteley and Hedge End/Botley in the 2001 census.

Urban subdivision[21] Population District
(2001 census)[21] (2011 census)[20]
Portsmouth 187,056 238,137 City of Portsmouth
Gosport 69,348 71,529 Borough of Gosport
Fareham 56,160 42,210 Borough of Fareham
Havant 45,435 45,125 Borough of Havant
Lee-on-the-Solent 7,067 Borough of Gosport
Stubbington 13,628 14,077 Borough of Fareham
Waterlooville 63,558 Borough of Havant
Total Portsmouth urban area population 442,252
Southampton 234,224 253,651 City of Southampton
Eastleigh 52,894 78,716 Borough of Eastleigh
Bishopstoke 17,282 Borough of Eastleigh
Total Southampton urban area population 304,400
Locks Heath & surrounding villages 36,452 43,359 Borough of Fareham
Bursledon 6,744 6,955 Borough of Eastleigh
Whiteley 2,195 3,236 Borough of Fareham/City of Winchester
Total Western Wards population 45,391 53,550
Hedge End 21,174 25,117 Borough of Eastleigh
Botley 2,506 5,083 Borough of Eastleigh
Total Hedge End/Botley population 23,680 30,200
Horndean 46,924 East Hampshire/Borough of Havant
Total South Hampshire built-up area population 855,569

Notes:

  • Portchester is included under the Portsmouth subdivision in the 2011 census whilst in the 2001 census it was part of the Fareham subdivision.
  • Whiteley is included under the Locks Heath subdivision in the 2011 census.
  • Stubbington and Lee-on-the-Solent formed a separate urban area according to the 2011 census.
  • Bishopstoke and Horton Heath were included as part of the Eastleigh subdivision in the 2011 census.
  • Botley was included as part of the Hedge End subdivision in the 2011 census.
  • The Waterlooville subdivision was split between the Portsmouth subdivision and the Horndean subdivision for the 2011 census.

Other built-up areas

Location of other built-up areas in Hampshire

There are three other significant urban areas[22] in the area:[23]

Urban subdivision[21] Population

(2001 census)[21]

 Population

(2011 census)[20]

 District
Ashurst/Netley Marsh 3,116 3,212 New Forest District
Totton 27,986 28,676 New Forest District
Bartley 2,281 New Forest District
Total Totton built-up area population 31,102 34,169
Winchester built-up area 41,420 46,074 City of Winchester
Stubbington built-up area 24,644 Borough of Fareham/Borough of Gosport
Hythe built-up area 19,599 20,201 New Forest District

There are fourteen smaller urban areas also in the region:[23]

Urban area[21] Population

(2001 census)[21][24]

 Population

(2011 census)[20]

 District
Colden Common 3,249 3,419 City of Winchester
Compton/Otterbourne 2,261 2,569 City of Winchester
Denmead 5,788 6,107 City of Winchester
Emsworth/Southbourne 18,139 18,777 Borough of Havant/Chichester District
Fawley/Blackfield 13,775 13,712 New Forest District
Hamble 3,853 4,696 Borough of Eastleigh
Hayling Island 14,842 15,485 Borough of Havant
Horton Heath 2,223 Borough of Eastleigh
Kings Worthy 4,292 4,901 City of Winchester
Marchwood 5,586 6,141 New Forest District
Netley 6,150 6,338 Borough of Eastleigh
North Baddesley 6,234 6,823 Test Valley
Romsey 17,386 17,161 Test Valley

Notes:

  • Horton Heath forms part of the South Hampshire built-up area in the 2011 census rather than being a separate area.
  • In the 2011 census the Fawley urban area was renamed the Blackfield built-up area.
  • In the 2011 census the Kings Worthy urban area was renamed the Springvale built-up area.
  • In the 2011 census the Hayling Island urban area was renamed the South Hayling built-up area.

Other towns in the area

Slightly further out there are many satellite towns that may not be directly attached to Southampton or Portsmouth, or necessarily in their travel to work areas,[25] but are nonetheless still heavily reliant on the two cities for employment and services.

Places within the wider Portsmouth-Southampton Metropolitan area include:

Settlement County
Andover[26] Hampshire
Bishop's Waltham[23][27] Hampshire
Bognor Regis[26] West Sussex
Brockenhurst Hampshire
Chichester West Sussex
Lyndhurst Hampshire
Newport Isle of Wight
Ryde Isle of Wight
Salisbury[26] Wiltshire

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/256460/2013111_Southampton_and_Portsmouth_City_Deal_Document_and_Implementation_Plans.pdf[bare URL PDF]
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 21.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 Portsmouth-Southampton: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population Shows what is considered part of this metropolitan area
  24. ↑ Table KS01 Usual resident population
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. - see map on website
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

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