Stanley Porteus

Stanley Porteus
Born	April 24, 1883 Box Hill, Victoria,
Died	October 21, 1972 Honolulu
Nationality	Australian
Fields	Psychologist

Stanley David Porteus (24 April 1883 – 21 October 1972) was an Australian psychologist.

Biography

Stanley Porteus was born in 1883 at Box Hill, Victoria, Australia, a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, where he went to school. After marriage, Porteus studied at the University of Melbourne.

He was the initial head teacher at Victoria's first Education Department sponsored school for feeble-minded children. Having the task of selecting students for his small school, Porteus devised a new intelligence test of his own, the Porteus Maze Test, a non-verbal intelligence test. The test was originally used to identify children in need of special education, though it is still in use today for other purposes.

In 1918 Porteus was invited to join the Vineland Training School in New Jersey, United States, moving there to become Director of Research. This invitation came at a good time, as his full-time employment as a head teacher with the Victorian Education Department was souring and although he had no university degree, the new job launched him into a lifelong academic career. In 1922 he moved to Hawaii where he founded the Psychological and Psychopathic Clinic at the University of Hawaii, eventually becoming professor of clinical psychology and its director and Dean of the Psychology Department in 1925.

The author of many papers and books, Porteus also created a racial hierarchy of intelligence using his maze device which he believed was "a valid, culture-free measure of general intelligence--despite the fact that among his South African samples one group that already knew a 'labyrinth game' outscored all neighboring groups that did not know the game" (Cole 56). His theories about the superior intelligence of white races has led to recent controversy, including protests by students at the University of Hawaii. Porteus was an early contributor to Mankind Quarterly, helped William Shockley organize the Foundation for Education on Eugenics and Dysgenics, and served on the executive committee of the International Association for the Advancement of Ethnology and Eugenics.

He died in 1972 at Honolulu, where the University social sciences building, Porteus Hall, was named after him in 1974. However, university students mounted a full-scale protest at Porteus' perceived "blatantly racist theories" and eventually, in 1998, the authorities relented and his name was removed from the building.

Works

• Temperament and Race (1926)
• The Psychology of a Primitive People: A Study of the Australian Aborigine (1931)
• The Maze Test and Mental Differences (1933)
• Primitive Intelligence and Environment (1937)
• The Practice of Clinical Psychology (1941)
• Qualitative Performance in the Maze Test (1942)
• The Maze Test and Clinical Psychology (1950)
• A Century of Social Thinking in Hawaii (1962)

See also

• Race and intelligence controversy

Further reading

• Cole, Michael. "Cross-Cultural Investigations." Cultural Psychology. (1996): 55-56. Print.

External links

• Institute for the Study of Academic Racism report on the renaming controversy at the University of Hawaii. Contains detailed biography and bibliography.
• The professional life and work of Stanley D. Porteus: A report on the proposed renaming of Porteus Hall