Telomerase RNA component
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| Vertebrate telomerase RNA | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | Telomerase-vert |
| Rfam | RF00024 |
| Other data | |
| RNA type | Gene |
| Domain(s) | Eukaryote; Virus |
| Ciliate telomerase RNA | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | Telomerase-cil |
| Rfam | RF00025 |
| Other data | |
| RNA type | Gene |
| Domain(s) | Eukaryote |
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae telomerase RNA | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | Sacc_telomerase |
| Rfam | RF01050 |
| Other data | |
| RNA type | Gene |
| Domain(s) | Eukaryote |
Telomerase RNA component, also known as TERC, is an ncRNA found in eukaryotes, that is a component of telomerase - The enzyme used to extend telomeres.[1][2] TERC serves as a template for telomere replication (reverse transcription) by telomerase. Telomerase RNAs differ greatly in sequence and structure between vertebrates, ciliates and yeasts, but they share a 5' pseudoknot structure close to the template sequence. The vertebrate telomerase RNAs have a 3' H/ACA snoRNA-like domain.[3][4][5]
Function
Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein polymerase that maintains telomere ends by addition of the telomere repeat TTAGGG. This repeat does vary across eukaryotes (see the table on the telomere article for a complete list). The enzyme consists of a protein component (TERT) with reverse transcriptase activity, and an RNA component, encoded by this gene, that serves as a template for the telomere repeat. CCCUAA found near position 50 of the vertebrate TERC sequence acts as the template. Telomerase expression plays a role in cellular senescence, as it is normally repressed in postnatal somatic cells resulting in progressive shortening of telomeres. Deregulation of telomerase expression in somatic cells may be involved in oncogenesis. Studies in mouse suggest that telomerase also participates in chromosomal repair, since de novo synthesis of telomere repeats may occur at double-stranded breaks.[6] Homologs of TERC can also be found in the Gallid herpes viruses.[7]
Clinical significance
Mutations in this gene cause autosomal dominant dyskeratosis congenita, and may also be associated with some cases of aplastic anemia.[6]
References
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Further reading
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