Tethytheria
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Top: African elephant, Caribbean manatee; middle: Moeritherium, woolly mammoth; bottom: Paleoparadoxia, Arsinoitherium | |
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Tethytheria
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Tethytheria is a clade of mammals that includes the sirenians and proboscideans, as well as the extinct orders Desmostylia and Embrithopoda (desmostylians, however, have been placed in Perissodactyla by a 2014 cladistic analysis[1]).[2]
Though there is strong anatomical and molecular support for the monophyly of Tethytheria, the interrelationships between the included taxa remain disputed. The tethytheres are united by several characters, including anteriorly facing orbits and more or less bilophodont cheek teeth (double transverse ridges on the crowns of the teeth). Proboscidea and Sirenia are linked together based on auditory characters in their petrosal bones, but this link may be a homoplasy. (The Early Eocene family Anthracobunidae has been considered to be a sister group of Tethytheria,[3] but has more recently been assigned to Perissodactyla.[1])
Contents
Systematics
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Classification
Classification after Rose 2006.[3]
- Suborder Tethytheria
- Infraorder †Embrithopoda
- Infraorder Sirenia
- †Prorastomidae
- †Protosirenidae (Dugongidae?)
- Dugongidae
- Trichechidae
- Infraorder †Desmostylia (?)
- †Desmostylidae (?)
- Infraorder Proboscidea
- †Phosphatheriidae (Numidotheriidae?)
- †Numidotheriidae
- †Moeritheriidae
- †Barytheriidae
- †Deinotheriidae
- †Palaeomastodontidae
- †Phiomiidae
- †Hemimastodontidae
- †Mammutidae
- †Gomphotheriidae
- Elephantidae
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Tethytheria in the Paleobiology Database. Retrieved April 2013.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Rose 2006, pp. 242–3
- ↑ Rose 2006, p. 213
References
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