The 7th Guest

The 7th Guest
File:The 7th Guest - cover.jpg CD Cover art
Developer(s)	Trilobyte
Publisher(s)	Virgin Interactive
Distributor(s)	Trilobyte, Night Dive Studios
Designer(s)	Rob Landeros Graeme Devine
Artist(s)	Robert Stein III
Writer(s)	Matthew Costello
Composer(s)	George Sanger
Platforms	PC, CD-i, Mac OS, iOS, OS X, Linux
Release date(s)	PC CD-i Mac OS iOS Linux Android
Genre(s)	Interactive movie, Puzzle adventure
Mode(s)	Single player

The 7th Guest, produced by Trilobyte and originally released by Virgin Games in 1993, is an interactive movie puzzle adventure game. It was one of the first computer video games to be released only on CD-ROM. The 7th Guest is a horror story told from the unfolding perspective of the player, as an amnesiac. The game received a great amount of press attention for making live action video clips a core part of its gameplay, for its unprecedented amount of pre-rendered 3D graphics, and for its adult content. In addition, the game was very successful, with over two million copies sold, and is widely regarded as a killer app that accelerated the sales of CD-ROM drives. The 7th Guest has subsequently been re-released on Apple's app store for various systems such as the Mac. Bill Gates called The 7th Guest "the new standard in interactive entertainment."

The game has since been ported in various formats to different systems such as iOS, with Trilobyte mentioning the potential for a third entry in the series.

Gameplay

The game is played by wandering through a mansion, solving logic puzzles and watching videos that further the story. The main antagonist, Henry Stauf, is an ever-present menace, taunting the player with clues, mocking the player as they fail his puzzles ("We'll all be dead by the time you solve this!"), and expressing displeasure when the player succeeds ("Don't think you'll be so lucky next time!").

File:T7Gcoffins.jpg

One of Stauf's many puzzles: This one requires Ego to close all of the skeletons in the coffins. When one coffin is selected, that one, and some of its adjacent ones, open or close.

A plot of manipulation and sin is gradually played out, in flashback, by actors through film clips as the player progresses between rooms by solving twenty-one puzzles of shifting nature and increasing difficulty. The first puzzles most players encounter is either one where players must select the right interconnected letters inside the lens of a telescope to form a coherent sentence; or a relatively simple cake puzzle, where the player has to divide the cake evenly into six pieces, each containing the same number of decorations. Other puzzles include mazes, chess problems, logical deductions, Simon-style pattern-matching, word manipulations, and even an extremely difficult game of Infection similar to Reversi that utilizes an AI (and would later go on to make an encore appearance in the sequel). For players who need help or simply cannot solve a particular puzzle, there is a hint book in the library of the house. The first two times the book is consulted about a puzzle, the book gives clues about how to solve the puzzle; on the third time, the book simply completes the puzzle for the player so that the player can proceed through the game. After each puzzle, the player is shown a video clip of part of the plot, if the hint book was consulted 3 times, the player does not get to view the clip. The hint book can be used for all but the final puzzle.

The 7th Guest was one of the first games for the PC platform to be available only on CD-ROM, since it was too large to be distributed on floppy disks. Computer Gaming World reported with amazement in 1993 that "not only does Guest consume an entire CD-ROM ... it actually requires TWO". Removing some of the large movies and videos wasn't an option as they were essential to the gameplay. This game, along with LucasArts' Star Wars: Rebel Assault and Brøderbund's Myst, helped promote the adoption of CD drives, which were not yet common. The game's POV footage of walking through the house was originally planned as live-action video in a practical set, but the idea was abandoned after pre-rendered 3D sequences proved feasible and more cost-effective.

Plot

The game begins with a flashback to 1935 in the town of Harley-on-the-Hudson. A drifter named Henry Stauf kills a woman to steal her purse, beginning a series of deplorable acts. One night, he has a vision of a beautiful doll, and the next day begins carving it. He is able to trade the doll for food and drink. Stauf begins to have other visions of dolls and toys, and crafts and sell these as well. Stauf becomes a successful toymaker, and uses his fortune to build a mansion at the edge of town, following yet another vision he had. At the same time, several children possessing Stauf's toys come down with a mysterious illness and later die. Stauf disappears into his mansion and was not seen again.

In the game's present, the narrator (the player's character) named "Ego" awakens in the Stauf mansion. The mansion is deserted, but as Ego explores it, he has ghostly visions of events in the past. These visions all take place on a night sometime after the deaths of the children, where six guests were invited to the Stauf mansion: Martine Burden, a former singer; Edward and Elinor Knox, a dissatisfied middle-aged couple; Julia Heine, a bank worker who reminisces of her youth; Brian Dutton, a fellow shop owner; and Hamilton Temple, a stage magician. The six arrived but found no sign of Stauf or anyone else, but do discover a number of puzzles set up that give them various instructions. They came to learn that Stauf wanted them to bring him the seventh, uninvited guest, a young boy named Tad that had entered the house on a dare from his friends; the one that did so would be rewarded with their greatest desire. The guests debated on what do to, and while Elinor and Hamilton feel they must find Tad and help him escape to avoid whatever evil plan Stauf had, the others searched for Tad in earnest to claim their reward from Stauf. The evening became bloody as the guests begin to turn on themselves and kill one another or become trapped in machinations set up by Stauf. Julia was the last guest left alive, and had discovered Tad, and dragged the boy to the attic where Stauf waited for them; Stauf had by this point become a horrific creature, having made a pact with the evil force that helped him to make the toys and caused the illness in the children. Stauf needed Tad's soul to complete the pact. Julia turned over Tad and demands her reward, but Stauf dissolved her with his own bile, and then lashed out at Tad with a long, prehensile tongue to prevent him from escaping.

At this point, Ego realizes that he is the spirit of Tad, witnessing the events from that night over and over but previously unable to help and forgetting what happened on each loop; the house has been a type of purgatory for him. Ego finds he can now intervene in the events, and helps Tad to escape. Stauf is unable to recapture the child, and the evil entity consumes Stauf for failing to complete the pact. Tad thanks Ego for his help, and then a sphere of light appears, which Ego steps into, ending the game.

Cast and characters

• Henry Stauf - The owner of the mansion in which the game takes place. Stauf was a homeless drifter who became a successful toymaker after a series of visions showed him the toys he would create, but the people of Harley know nothing of his past. They only know him as the eccentric old man who makes marvelous toys for their children and became a hugely successful "rags to riches" story. His name is an anagram of Faust, and reminiscent of the German toy company Steiff.
• Ego - The player's character, a disembodied consciousness that moves through the house solving puzzles and observing the events of that mysterious night at Stauf's house as they unfolded long ago. The entire game takes place in first-person view through Ego's eyes. Ego does not know how he came to the house, or why, he only knows that there is a reason for him to be there that he hasn't figured out yet.
• Tad - A boy who lives next door to the Stauf mansion. On the night of the party he enters the house on a dare by climbing in through a window, then discovers that he can't get out again. He spends most of the game dodging Stauf's guests while he tries to find a way to escape the house.
• Martine Burden - Young, pretty, and ambitious, Martine Burden was once named Miss Harley-on-the-Hudson, but she hated the small town and left as soon as she had the chance. Now she is back after her wealthy boyfriend dumped her. She is immediately attracted to the older Edward Knox, whose desires for wealth and a new life away from Elinor are quite compatible with her own desires for power and status. Although in one scene the player sees her apparently being pulled underwater in a bathtub and hears a long drawn out scream, Martine actually dies in the crypt, turning into greenish ooze after Edward Knox is killed. The idea is that she formed an alliance with Edward Knox to get him to do her dirty work and take the blame for her. But in doing so she unintentionally bound the two of them together, and she was forced to share his fate.
• Edward and Elinor Knox - An older, married couple. Elinor is a decent woman who still loves her husband and seems to want to help the boy, Tad, as much as she can. Edward is having severe financial difficulties, and he shows little love or concern for his wife, instead teaming up with the younger Martine Burden to try and solve the mystery. His greatest desire is to start over with a new life, a full bank account, and no marriage tying him down. The desire of Elinor Knox is also to start over again, but with Edward Knox still at her side. Edward Knox is killed by Hamilton Temple, who slams his head into the side of a coffin in order to save Tad. The player does not see Elinor Knox get killed, but the last time she's seen, she is turning into a mannequin, pitifully calling out to Tad for help.
• Julia Heine - An older woman, and quite vain. She is unhappy with her life, and recently lost her job at the bank due to a quickly developing drinking problem. Her heart's desire is to be young and beautiful again, when she felt like she could take on the world. Julia Heine succeeds in bringing Tad to Stauf, but instead of making her wish come true, Stauf mercilessly kills her.
• Brian Dutton - A middle-aged man who walks with a cane, Brian owns a shop in Harley-on-the-Hudson, and has sold goods to Stauf. Brian Dutton admires the way Stauf had grown wealthy and the way he had solved his own problems, and his greatest desire is to be as successful as Stauf, but he is also haunted by memories of seeing his brother fall through thin ice and drown when he was a child. Brian is stabbed repeatedly by Edward Knox while they fight over Tad (ironically with his own knife), but he survives. Later, when he returns to his room and sees the suitcase of money Stauf had left him, his excitement causes his wounds to open up, and he dies.
• Hamilton Temple - A professional stage magician nearing the end of his career, he is a kindly man who also tries to help Tad, and he gets along well with Elinor Knox. His greatest desire is to know if there is such a thing as real magic, and if there is, can Stauf give him the ability to use it? After trying to convince Tad to trust him, Hamilton Temple is later strangled to death by Julia Heine.

Music

The second disc of the CD-ROM set included a very large single audio track playable on any regular CD player. In total, the track was almost a half an hour long and it included both the in-game music, composed by already leading video game musician George "The Fat Man" Sanger, and two live music recordings: "The Game", whose melody in various permutations and stylistic variations became the background music for most of the game (as well as the theme for a piano puzzle) and whose lyrics (sung on the disc by Cotton Mather vocalist Robert Harrison) were based on Stauf's twisted plot, and the ending credits theme, "Skeletons in My Closet", a jazzy tune with a female lead voice (Kris McKay), parts of which are used in the game as Julia's theme. A few years later, Sanger independently released an album titled 7/11, which was a little over an hour long and contained all the music from T7G (this time, on separate tracks) as well as its sequel, The 11th Hour.

<score>\relative b { \time 2/4 \key e \minor \partial 8 b8 b'4 r8 fis g4 r8 e dis e fis e b4 r8 } </score> Portion of Sanger's "The Game" leitmotif

The in-game music had conventions similar to the use of leitmotif in Sergei Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf, wherein each guest was assigned a musical theme; where Peter and Wolf used instrumental changes for its characters, The 7th Guest, conversely, used stylistic variations on the melody of Sanger's "The Game". Where two characters interact in the story, the styles are fused, counterpointed, or even sounded simultaneously and when tension abounds, the characters' themes are reflected thusly.

Development

The 7th Guest was the brainchild of game designer/graphic artist Rob Landeros, and a Virgin MasterTronics programmer, Graeme Devine. When Landeros and Devine presented their idea for the game, they were promptly "fired" so that with Virgin's help they could start their own company, Trilobyte, dedicated solely to the development of this game. They originally intended to create the movements through the mansion using video. 3D graphics and animation were introduced to the title early in '91 when Robert Stein III joined the team.

After creating the design document Devine and Landeros gave it to writer Matthew Costello. The developers chose to use 24-bit Super VGA graphics and a simple, textless, TV remote control-like user interface to make the game the answer to the question "What would Mom play?", and to simplify porting to game consoles such as the SNES-CD. Devine created the GROOVIE game engine, which allowed continuous streaming of data from CD-ROM, ran on multiple platforms, and was reusable. The 7th Guest was the first graphic adventure to use 640x320 graphics with 256 colors; Trilobyte reportedly spent more than $500,000 over more than two years to produce the graphics. George Sanger created the soundtrack.

The developers found that, as Devine said in 1993, "CD-ROM is bloody slow". Early blue-screened footage was imperfect and left ghostly auras, which they left in as a feature. The puzzles they intended to use were under copyright, so the developers used puzzle books from the 19th century. Devine said that he cried when watching the end credits play for the first time: "It had been such a hard game to make and I was so exhausted from the process of getting it finished that seeing those credits play through made me realise what we had done."

Reception

The game received a very positive response at its preview at the Summer 1992 Consumer Electronic Show and was very successful, with over two million copies sold. It is widely regarded as a killer app that accelerated the sales of CD-ROM drives. Bill Gates called The 7th Guest "the new standard in interactive entertainment."

Computer Gaming World in 1993 was critical of the IBM version of the game, calling it more "a nightmare and a dream" and stating that despite its lengthy delay the game should have been developed further. While praising the "rich, enjoyable gaming experience" from the graphics, sound, and puzzles, the reviewer found that the minimum system requirements were unrealistic and that as of May 1993 many players, including him, encountered stability and software incompatibility issues with their computers. An issue with Media Vision sound cards was especially problematic as it prevented him from hearing digitized speech necessary for progress. The reviewer concluded, "I feel I have been deprived of the full pleasure that Guest has to offer by the inability to get the game to run satisfactorily ... It would have been better to further delay the game than to release it as it was done, without sufficient testing". The Macintosh version of the game was reviewed in 1994 in Dragon #212 by Paul Murphy in the "Eye of the Monitor" column. Murphy felt that "The Seventh Guest suffers from an incurable case of confusion about what it is trying to be. It's either a collection of puzzles encumbered by an unnecessary horror setting and story—or it's a horror story and setting encumbered by an unnecessary collection of puzzles."

The CD-i version received mostly positive reviews. GamePro's review lauded the "sinister" story line, the challenging puzzles, the beautiful graphics, and the generally creepy tone. The four reviewers of Electronic Gaming Monthly scored it an 8 out of 10, describing it as superior to any of the computer versions of the game. Like GamePro, they praised the game's puzzles, graphics, and tone.

Legacy

'The 11th Hour'

Due to the success of The 7th Guest, Trilobyte released a sequel entitled The 11th Hour. The game's reception was initially mixed and did not sell as well as was initially expected. Plans for further sequels to the series were initiated, but never completed due to the then demise of the company. Landeros attempted to create his own official third installment titled The 7th Guest Part III: The Collector, releasing a trailer for the game onto his official website, only for the trailer to disappear and no further information on the series being released.

Trilobyte also released a compilation game made up of the puzzles from both The 7th Guest and The 11th Hour as well as Clandestiny. The game was entitled Uncle Henry's Playhouse. The game was poorly received, only selling 27 copies in the United States.

Ports of both The 7th Guest and The 11th Hour were planned, with The 7th Guest being ported to the CD-i console. Initial plans for The 11th Hour to be ported to the 3DO eventually fell through. In 2010 the first game in the series was ported to the iPhone and iPad, with the series later also being ported to other systems such as the Macintosh. A stand-alone version of the Microscope Puzzle from the original version of The 7th Guest was later released under the name The 7th Guest: Infection. The puzzle had been excluded from the game for technical reasons and features two versions of the puzzle, a somewhat updated version of the puzzle as well as an older version of the Infection game that can be unlocked by beating the main game. In 2013, Trilobyte partnered with Night Dive Studios to re-release both The 7th Guest and The 11th Hour on Steam.

Crowdfunding campaigns for The 7th Guest 3

Trilobyte, relaunched under Rob Landeros, started a Kickstarter campaign on Halloween 2013 for The 7th Guest 3: The Collector. However, it failed to meet its funding target of $435,000. Another crowdfunding campaign was started at Crowdtilt with a smaller goal of $65,000 to build the first story of the haunted mansion but also failed to reach the goal.

'The 13th Doll'

In July 2015, developer Attic Door Productions, having received licensing from Trilobyte for a commercial release pending success in gaining sufficient public interest and funding, began a Kickstarter campaign for an unofficial fan game to The 7th Guest titled The 13th Doll. The campaign target was set at $40,000, running until 27 August 2015. The campaign had 1,199 backers and $60,266 was pledged.

Awards

The 7th Guest won the following awards:

Year	Awards
1993
	PC Computing- MVP Entertainment Software Game Players PC Entertainment - Special Achievement in Graphics Design British Interactive Media - Silver Award
1994
	Interactive Academy/Cybermania Awards - Best CD Game Multimedia World Readers' Choice Award - Best Entertainment Title Computer Game Review - Golden Triad Award New Media Invision Awards - Award of Excellence New Media Invision Awards - Gold-Creative Excellence for Best Animation/Graphics PC World Class - Best CD-ROM Game / Adult Electronic Entertainment 1st Annual Editors' Choice - Breakthrough Game Computer Gaming World Readers' Poll - No. 1 Rated Game

External links

• The 7th Guest at MobyGames
• Official website