Timeline of World War I

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1914

Dates Events
June 28 Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, who was killed in Sarajevo along with his wife Duchess Sophie by Bosnian Serb Gavrilo Princip.[1] Details
July 5 Austria-Hungary seeks German support for a war against Serbia in case of Russian militarism. Germany gives assurances of support.[2]
July 23 Austria-Hungary sends an ultimatum to Serbia. The Serbian response is seen as unsatisfactory.[3] Details
July 28 Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia. Russia mobilizes.[4]
The Netherlands declare neutrality.
July 31 Germany warns Russia to stop mobilizing. Russia says mobilization is against Austria-Hungary only.
August 1 Germany declares war on Russia.[5]
Italy declares its neutrality.
Denmark declares its neutrality.[6]
Germany and the Ottoman Empire sign a secret alliance treaty.[7] Details
August 2 Germany invades Luxembourg. Details
Skirmish at Joncherey, first military action on the Western Front
August 2–26 Germany besieges and captures fortified Longwy "the iron gate to Paris" near the Luxembourg border, opening France to mass German invasion
August 3 Germany declares war on France. Belgium denies permission for German forces to pass through to the French border.[8]
Switzerland declares its neutrality.[9]
August 4 Germany invades Belgium[10] to outflank the French army. Details
Britain protests the violation of Belgian neutrality, guaranteed by a treaty;
German Chancellor replies that the treaty is just a chiffon de papier (a scrap of paper).
The United Kingdom declares war on Germany.[11]		 Details
Liberia declares war on Germany.[12]
The United States declares neutrality.
August 4–16 The Germans besiege and then capture the fortresses of Liège, Belgium. Details
August 5 First shot fired by Allied troops – German Steamer SS Pfalz surrenders after being fired on by Fort Nepean, south of Melbourne, Australia[13]
Montenegro declares war on Austria-Hungary.[14]
The Ottoman Empire closes the Dardanelles.
August 6 Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia.
Serbia declares war on Germany.
August 7 The British Expeditionary Force arrives in France.[15] Details
August 7 – September 13 Battle of the Frontiers. The Germans obtain a victory against the British Expeditionary Force and France's Fifth Army.
August 7–10 Battle of Mulhouse, a phase of the Battle of the Frontiers.
August 9 Montenegro declares war on Germany.
The Togoland Campaign begins.
August 11 France declares war on Austria-Hungary.
August 12 The United Kingdom declares war on Austria-Hungary.
Battle of Haelen, a phase of the Battle of the Frontiers.
August 14–25 Battle of Lorraine, a phase of the Battle of the Frontiers.
August 16–20 The Serbs defeat the Austro-Hungarians at the Battle of Cer.[16] Details
August 17 The Russian army enters East Prussia. Battle of Stalluponen. Details
August 20 The Germans attack the Russians in East Prussia, the Battle of Gumbinnen. The attack is a failure in addition to being a deviation from the Schlieffen Plan.[17] Details
The Germans occupy Brussels.
Battle of Morhange, a phase of the Battle of Lorraine.
Battle of Sarrebourg, a phase of the Battle of Lorraine.
August 21 Battle of Charleroi, a phase of the Battle of the Frontiers.
August 21–23 Battle of the Ardennes, a phase of the Battle of the Frontiers.
August 22 Austria-Hungary declares war on Belgium.
August 23 Japan declares war on Germany. Details
Battle of Mons, a phase of the Battle of the Frontiers.
August 23–30 Battle of Tannenberg: the Russian army undergoes a heavy defeat by the Germans.[18] Details
August 23 – September 11 Battle of Lemberg. The Russians capture Lviv. Details
August 23–25 Battle of Kraśnik, a phase of the Battle of Lemberg. The Austro-Hungarian First Army defeats the Russian Fourth Army.[19] Details
August 24 Action of Elouges.
Battle of the Mortagne, a phase of the Battle of Lorraine.
August 24 – September 7 The Germans besiege and capture the Maubeuge Fortress. Details
August 24 – September 28 The Allied Great Retreat to the River Marne.
August 25 Japan declares war on Austria-Hungary.
August 26 British and French forces conquer Togoland, a German protectorate in West Africa.[20] Details
Battle of Le Grand Fayt.
August 26–27 Battle of Le Cateau. Allied retreat. Details
August 26–30 Battle of Gnila Lipa, a phase of the Battle of Lemberg.
August 26 – September 2 Battle of Komarow, part of the Battle of Lemberg. Details
August 27 Battle of Étreux. Details
August 27 – November 7 Battle of Tsingtao: British and Japanese forces capture the German-controlled port of Tsingtao in China. Details
August 28 The Royal Navy wins the First Battle of Heligoland Bight, North Sea. Details
August 29–30 Battle of Saint Quentin, aka Battle of Guise. Orderly Allied retreat. Details
August 30 New Zealand occupies German Samoa (later Western Samoa). Details
September 1 Action at Nery Details
September 2–11 Austro-Hungarian defeat at the Battle of Rava Russka, a phase of the Battle of Lemberg. Details
September 4–13 Battle of Grand Couronne, a phase of the Battle of the Frontiers.
September 5–12 First Battle of the Marne. The German advance on Paris is halted, marking the failure of the Schlieffen Plan.[21] Details
Battle of the Ourcq, a phase of the First Battle of the Marne.
Battle of the Two Morins.
September 6–12 Battle of the Marshes of Saint-Gond, a phase of the First Battle of the Marne.
Battle of Vitry, a phase of the First Battle of the Marne.
Battle of Revigny, a phase of the First Battle of the Marne.
September 6 – October 4 Battle of Drina.
September 7–14 First Battle of the Masurian Lakes: The Russian Army of the Neman withdraws from East Prussia with heavy casualties. Details
September 9 Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg lays out Germany's war aims. Details
September 11 Australian forces occupy German New Guinea.[22] Details
September 13 Troops from South Africa begin invading German South-West Africa. Details
September 13–28 The First Battle of the Aisne ends in a substantial draw. The Race to the Sea begins. Details
September 14 Erich von Falkenhayn replaces Helmuth von Moltke the Younger as German Chief of Staff. Details
September 19 – October 11 Battle of Flirey
September 20 Battle of Zanzibar, German naval victory.
September 22 Bombardment of Papeete
German Light Cruiser Emden attacks Madras Details
September 22–26 First Battle of Picardy.
September 24 The Siege of Przemyśl begins Details
September 25–29 First Battle of Albert Details
September 28 – October 10 The Germans besiege and capture Antwerp, Belgium. Details
September 29 – October 31 Battle of the Vistula River, aka Battle of Warsaw. Details
October–July 11, 1915 Battle of Rufiji Delta, German cruiser Königsberg destroyed.
October 1–4 First Battle of Arras. Details
October 9 – November 1 Central powers control Belgrade. Details
October 10 – November 2 Battle of La Bassee.
October 12 – November 2 First Battle of Messines. Details
October 13 – November 2 Battle of Armentieres.
October 16–31 Battle of the Yser. French and Belgian forces secure the coastline of Belgium.[23] Details
October 19 – November 22 The First Battle of Ypres ends the Race to the Sea. The Germans are prevented from reaching Calais and Dunkirk. Details
November 1 Russia declares war on the Ottoman Empire.
Battle of Coronel. Von Spee's German cruiser squadron defeats a Royal Navy squadron under Christopher Cradock.[24] Details
November 2 The United Kingdom begins the naval blockade of Germany. Details
November 2–16 Bergmann Offensive, first military engagement in the Caucuses of the First World War.
November 3 Montenegro declares war on the Ottoman Empire.
Battle of Kilimanjaro.
November 3–5 Von Lettow-Vorbeck's German colonial forces defeat the British at the Battle of Tanga, German East Africa. Details
November 5 France and the United Kingdom declare war on the Ottoman Empire.
November 6 Fao Landing, British and Indians besiege the fortress at Fao.
November 9 Battle of Cocos, northeast Indian Ocean. The Australian cruiser Sydney destroys the German cruiser Emden.[25] Details
November 11 Sultan Mehmed V declares Jihad on the Allies.[26] Details
November 11–21 Battle of Basra. Details
November 11 – December 6 Battle of Łódź (aka Silesian Offensive). Details
November 16 – December 15 Battle of Kolubara, Austro-Hungarians leave Serbia.
December 1–13 Battle of Limanowa.
December 3–9 Battle of Qurna.
December 8 Battle of the Falklands. Von Spee's German cruiser squadron is defeated by the Royal Navy.[27] Details
December 10 Hill 60 captured by the Germans. Details
December 16 The German fleet shells Scarborough and Hartlepool, England.[28] Details
December 18–22 Battle of Givenchy.
December 17 – January 13, 1915 First Battle of Artois.
December 20 Fighting begins at Perthes. Details
December 20 – 17 March 1915 First Battle of Champagne.
December 22 Fighting begins at Noyon. Details
December 22 – January 2, 1915 The Russians win the Battle of Sarikamish, Caucasia.[29] Details
December 24–25 In some sectors of the Western Front, an unofficial Christmas truce is observed between German and British forces.[30] Details
December 25 – January 18, 1915 Battle of Ardahan.

1915

Dates Events
January 2 The Russian offensive in the Carpathians begins. It will continue until April 12.
January 18–19 Battle of Jassin.
January 19 First Zeppelin raid on Great Britain. Details
January 19 – December 22 Battle of Hartmannswillerkopf, series of battles fought to control the peak.
January 24 Battle of Dogger Bank between squadrons of the British Grand Fleet and the German Hochseeflotte. Details
January 24–26 Chilembwe uprising led by John Chilembwe in Nyasaland.
January 28 – February 3 The Ottomans fail to capture the Suez Canal. Details
January 31 Battle of Bolimov. First German use of chemical weapons.[31] Details
February 4 Germany begins unrestricted submarine warfare against merchant vessels. Details
February 7–22 Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes. The Russian X Army is defeated. Details
February 19 British and French naval attack on the Dardanelles. The Gallipoli Campaign begins.[32] Details
March 10 – March 13 Battle of Neuve Chapelle. After an initial success, a British offensive is halted. Details
March 22 The Siege of Przemyśl ends. The Russians capture the fortress. Details
April 5 – May 5 First Battle of Woevre.
April 12–14 Battle of Shaiba.
April 19 – May 17 The Ottomans besiege the Armenian city of Van. Details
April 22 – May 25 The Second Battle of Ypres, which ends in a stalemate. Germany first uses the poison gas. Details
April 22–23 Battle of Gravenstafel, First stage of the Second Battle of Ypres.
April 24 – May 5 Battle of St Julien, part of the Second Battle of Ypres.
April 25 Allied forces land on Gallipoli, landing at Anzac Cove and Cape Helles.[33] Details
London Pact between the Entente and Italy. Details
April 28 First Battle of Krithia. The Allied advance is repelled.[34] Details
May 1 The Gorlice-Tarnów begins: the German troops under General Mackensen break through the Russian lines in Galicia. Details
Battle of Eski Hissarlik.
May 3 Troops withdraw from Anzac Cove. Details
May 6–8 Second Battle of Krithia. The Allied attempts at advancing are thwarted again.[35] Details
May 7 The British liner Lusitania is sunk by a German U-boat.[36] Details
May 8–13 Battle of Frezenberg Ridge, Part of the Second Battle of Ypres.
May 9 – June 18 Second Battle of Artois.
May 9 Battle of Aubers Ridge, a phase of the Second Battle of Artois.
May 10 Troops from Hungary rout the Russians at Jarosław. Lviv is again in Austrian hands.
May 11 Armistice called at Gallipoli to bury the dead. Details
May 12 Windhoek, capital of German South-West Africa, is occupied by South African troops.[37] Details
May 15–25 Battle of Festubert.
May 16 – June 23 Battle of Konary.
May 23 Italy declares war on Austria-Hungary. Details
May 24–25 Battle of Bellewaarde, final phase of the Second Battle of Ypres.
June–September The Russian Great Retreat from Poland and Galicia.
June 4 Third Battle of Krithia. Yet another Allied failure.[35] Details
The Russians leave Przemyśl. Details
June 21–23 Battle of Bukoba.
June 22 Mackensen breaks again through the Russian lines in the Lviv area. Details
June 23 – July 7 First Battle of the Isonzo. Details
June 27 The Austro-Hungarians re-enter Lviv. Details
June 28 – July 5 The British win the Battle of Gully Ravine. Details
July Battle of Kara Killisse. Details
July 9 The German forces in South-West Africa surrender. Details
July 10–26 Battle of Manzikert. Details
July 18 – August 3 Second Battle of the Isonzo. Details
July 25 Italians capture Cappuccio Wood. Details
August 5 The Germans occupy Warsaw. Details
August 6–10 Battle of Lone Pine, part of the August Offensive.
August 6–13 Battle of Krithia Vineyard, part of the August Offensive.
August 6–15 Allies land at Suvla Bay, a phase of the August Offensive. Details.
August 6–21 Battle of Sari Bair, part of the August Offensive. Last and unsuccessful attempt by the British to seize the Gallipoli peninsula.[38] Details
August 7 Battle of the Nek, a phase of the August Offensive.
August 7–19 Battle of Chunuk Bair, a phase of the August Offensive.
August 21 Scimitar Hill, a phase of the August Offensive.
August 21–29 Battle of Hill 60, part of the August Offensive. Details
August 26 – September 19 Sventiany Offensive, a phase of the Gorlice-Tarnow Offensive.
September 1 Germany suspends unrestricted submarine warfare. Details
September 8 Nicholas II removes Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolayevich as Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army, personally taking that position. Details
September 15 – November 4 Third Battle of Artois.
September 19 The Germans occupy Vilnius. The Gorlice-Tarnów Offensive ends. Details
September 25–28 Battle of Loos, a major British offensive, fails. Details
September 25 – October 15 Battle of the Hohenzollern Redoubt, a phase of the Battle of Loos.
September 25 – November 6 Second Battle of Champagne.
September 28 Battle of Es Sinn.
October 7 – December 4 Serbia is invaded by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Bulgaria. Details
October 14 Bulgaria declares war on Serbia Details
October 14 – November 9 Morava Offensive, a phase of the Central Powers Invasion of Serbia, Bulgarians break through Serbian lines.
October 14 – November 15 Ovche Pole Offensive, a phase of the Central Powers invasion of Serbia, Bulgarians break through Serbian lines.
October 15 The United Kingdom declares war on Bulgaria.
October 16 France declares war on Bulgaria.
October 17 – November 21 Battle of Krivolak, start of the set up of the Salonika Front.
October 18 – November 4 Third Battle of the Isonzo Details
October 19 Italy and Russia declare war on Bulgaria.
October 27 A French army lands in Salonika and, with the help of British and Italian troops, sets up a Balkan Front.
November 10 – December 2 Fourth Battle of the Isonzo
November 10 – December 4 Kosovo Offensive, a phase of the Central Powers invasion of Serbia, Serbians pushed into Albania. Details
November 22–25 Battle of Ctesiphon, in present-day Iraq.[39] Details
November 27 The Serbian army collapses. It will retreat to the Adriatic Sea and be evacuated by the Italian and French Navies. Details
December – July, 1916 Battle of Lake Tanganyika.
December 6–12 Battle of Kosturino
December 7 The First Siege of Kut, Mesopotamia, by the Ottomans begins.[40] Details
December 19 Douglas Haig replaces John French as commander of the British Expeditionary Force. Details

1916

Dates Events
January 5–17 Austro-Hungarian offensive against Montenegro, which capitulates. Details
January 6–7 Battle of Mojkovac
January 6–8 Battle of Sheikh Sa'ad, a phase of the First Siege of Kut.
January 9 The Gallipoli Campaign ends in an Allied defeat and an Ottoman victory.[41] Details
January 10 – February 16 Battle of Erzurum.
January 11 Corfu occupied by the Allies. Details
January 13 Battle of Wadi, a phase of the First Siege of Kut. Details
January 21 Battle of Hanna, a phase of the First Siege of Kut.
January 24 Reinhard Scheer is appointed commander of Germany's Hochseeflotte.[42] Details
January 27 Conscription introduced in the United Kingdom by the Military Service Act.[43] Details
February 5 – April 15 Trebizond Campaign.
February 12 Battle of Salaita Hill.
February 21 The Battle of Verdun begins.[44]
February 26 Battle of Agagia, Senussi rebellion suppressed by the British.
February 28 German Kamerun (Cameroon) surrenders. Details
March 1 Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfare. Details
March 1–15 Fifth Battle of the Isonzo.
March 2 – August 4 Battle of Bitlis.
March 8 Battle of Dujaila: a British attempt to relieve Kut failed. Details
March 9 Germany declares war on Portugal. Portugal officially enters the war. Details
March 11–12 Battle of Latema Nek.
March 18 Battle of Kahe.
March 18 – April Lake Naroch Offensive.
April 24–29 Easter Rising by Irish rebels for independence from the United Kingdom. Details
April 27–29 Gas attack at Hulluch.
April 29 The British forces under siege at Kut surrender to the Ottomans, first siege of Kut ends. Details
May 7–10 Battle of Kondoa Irangi.
May 10 Germany suspends unrestricted submarine warfare. Details
May 15 – June 10 Austro-Hungarian Strafexpedition in Trentino. Details
May 31 – June 1 Battle of Jutland between Britain's Grand Fleet and Germany's Hochseeflotte. Details
June 2–14 Battle of Mont Sorrel.
June 4 The Brusilov Offensive begins.
June 5 The Arab Revolt in Hejaz begins. Details
The HMS Hampshire is sunk off the Orkney Islands; Lord Kitchener dies. Details
June 10 Italy: Paolo Boselli succeeds Antonio Salandra as Prime Minister. Details
The Siege of Medina begins.
June 10 – July 4 Battle of Mecca, Arabs capture the city. Details
June 30 Battle of the Boar's Head, diversion from the Battle of the Somme which began the next day.
July Battle of Taif. Details
July 1 The Battle of the Somme begins. Details
July 1–13 Second Battle of Albert (Opening phase of the Battle of the Somme). Details
July 1–2 British capture Fricourt during the Second Battle of Albert. Details
July 2–25 Battle of Erzincan.
July 3–7 British and French capture La Boisselle during the Second Battle of Albert. Details
July 3–12 British and French capture Mametz Wood during the Second Battle of Albert. Details
July 3–17 British capture Ovillers during the Second Battle of Albert and Battle of Bazentin Ridge. Details
July 4–6 Battle of Kostiuchnowka.
July 7–11 Allies capture Contalmaison during the Second Battle of Albert. Details
July 8–14 British capture Trônes Wood during the Second Battle of Albert. Details
July 14–17 Battle of Bazentin Ridge (Initial phase of the Battle of the Somme) Details
July 14 – September 15 Battles for Longueval and Delville Wood (Initial phase of the Battle of the Somme) Details
July 19–20 Battle of Fromelles (Initial phase of the Battle of the Somme).
July 23 – August 7 Battle of Pozières (Initial phase of the Battle of the Somme) Details
July 24 – August 8 Battle of Kowel.
August 3–5 Battle of Romani. Ottoman attack on the British in the Sinai peninsula fails. Details
August 6–17 Sixth Battle of the Isonzo. The Italians capture Gorizia (August 9). Details
August 6 Battle of Doberdo, part of the Sixth Battle of Isonzo.
August 9–18 First battle of Doiran. Details
August 24 Battle of Mlali.
August 27 Italy declares war on Germany.
Romania enters the war on the Entente's side. Her army is defeated in a few weeks.
August 27 – December Conquest of Romania by Central Powers. Details
August 27 – November 26 Battle of Transylvania, a phase of the conquest of Romania.
August 29 Paul von Hindenburg replaces Erich von Falkenhayn as German Chief of Staff. Details
September 2–6 Battle of Turtucaia, a phase of the conquest of Romania.
September 3–6 Battle of Guillemont (intermediate phase of the Battle of the Somme) Details
September 5–7 Battle of Dobrich, a phase of the conquest of Romania.
September 6 The Central Powers create a unified command.
September 7–11 Battle of Kisaki.
September 9 Battle of Ginchy (intermediate phase of the Battle of the Somme) Details
September 12 – December 11 Monastir Offensive, set up of the Salonika Front.
September 12–14 Battle of Malka Nidzhe, a phase of the Monastir Offensive.
September 12–30 Battle of Kaymakchalan, a phase of the Monastir Offensive.
September 14–17 Seventh Battle of the Isonzo
September 15–22 Battle of Flers-Courcelette (last offensive of the Battle of the Somme). The British use armored tanks for the first time in history. Details
September 17–19 First Battle of Cobadin, a phase of the conquest of Romania.
September 20 The Brusilov Offensive ends with a substantial Russian success. Details
September 25–28 Battle of Morval (part of the final stages of the Battle of the Somme) Details
September 26–28 Battle of Thiepval Ridge (part of the final stages of the Battle of the Somme) Details
September 29 – October 5 Flamanda Offensive, a phase of the conquest of Romania.
October–November First Battle of the Cerna Bend, a phase of the Monastir Offensive. Details
October 1 – November 5 Battle of Le Transloy (part of the final stages of the Battle of the Somme) Details
October 1 – November 11 Battle of Ancre Heights (part of the final stages of the Battle of the Somme).
October 9–12 Eighth Battle of the Isonzo.
October 19–25 Second Battle of Cobadin, a phase of the conquest of Romania.
October 24 The French recapture Fort Douaumont near Verdun. Details
November 1–4 Ninth Battle of the Isonzo.
November 13–18 Battle of the Ancre (closing phase of the Battle of the Somme) Details
November 18 The Battle of the Somme ends with enormous casualties and no winner. Details
November 21 HMHS Britannic sinks after hitting a German mine Details
Francis Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, dies and is succeeded by Charles I. Details
November 25 David Beatty replaces John Jellicoe as commander of the Grand Fleet. Jellicoe becomes First Lord of the Sea. Details
November 25 – December 3 Battle of Bucharest, a phase of the conquest of Romania.
November 28 Prunaru Charge, a phase of the Battle of Bucharest, Romanian cavalry desperately charge into enemy lines.
December 1 Battle of the Arges, a phase of the Battle of Bucharest.
December 1 – January 18, 1917 Allies capture Yanbu. Details
December 5–7 United Kingdom: Prime Minister H. H. Asquith resigns and is succeeded by David Lloyd George. Details
December 6 The Germans occupy Bucharest. The capital of Romania moved to Iaşi. Details
December 13 Robert Nivelle replaces Joseph Joffre as Commander-in-Chief of the French Army. Details
December 23 Battle of Magdhaba in the Sinai peninsula.[45] Details
December 23–29 Christmas Battles.
December 27 Togoland is divided into British and French administrative zones. Details
December 29 Grigori Rasputin, Russia's éminence grise, is assassinated. Details

1917

Dates Events
January 3–4 Battle of Behobeho.
January 9 Battle of Rafa. The British drive the Ottomans out of Sinai. Details
January 11 – March 13 British raid the Ancre. Details
January 16 The German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmermann sends a telegram to his ambassador in Mexico, instructing him to propose to the Mexican government an alliance against the United States. Details
February 1 Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfare. Details
February 23 Second Battle of Kut. The British recapture the city. Details
February 23 – April 5 The Germans withdraw to the Hindenburg Line. Details
March 1 Arz von Straussenberg replaces Conrad von Hötzendorf as Austro-Hungarian Chief of Staff. Details
March 8–11 The British capture Baghdad. Details
March 13 – April 23 Samarrah Offensive, British capture much of Mesopotamia.
March 15 Russia: Czar Nicholas II abdicates. A provisional government is appointed. Details
March 26 First Battle of Gaza. The British attempt to capture the city fails.[46] Details
April–October Stalemate in Southern Palestine.
April 2–3 Australians attack Noreuil. Details.
April 6 The United States of America declares war on Germany.[47] Details
April 9 – May 17 Second Battle of Arras. The British attack a heavily fortified German line without obtaining any strategic breakthrough.[48] Details
April 9–12 The Canadians obtain a significant victory in the Battle of Vimy Ridge, part of the first phase of the Second Battle of Arras.[49] Details
April 9–14 First Battle of the Scarpe, part of the first phase of the Second Battle of Arras. Details
April 10–11 First Battle of Bullecourt,part of the first phase of the Second Battle of Arras. Details
April 15 Battle of Lagnicourt, part of the Second phase of the Second Battle of Arras. Details
April 16 – May 9 The Second Battle of the Aisne (aka Nivelle Offensive) ends in disaster for both the French army and its commander Robert Nivelle.[50] Details
April 17–20 Battle of the Hills (aka Third battle of Champagne), a diversion to the Second Battle of the Aisne.
April 19 Second Battle of Gaza. The Ottoman lines resist a British attack. Details
April 22 – May 8 Second Battle of Doiran. Details
April 23–24 Second Battle of Scarpe, part of the second phase of the Second Battle of Arras. Details
April 28–29 Battle of Arleux, part of the Second phase of the Second Battle of Arras. Details
April 29 – May 20 Series of mutinies in the French army.[51] Details
May 3–4 Third battle of the Scarpe, part of the second phase of the Second Battle of Arras. Details
May 3–17 Second Battle of Bullecourt, part of the second phase of the Second Battle of Arras. Details
May 5–15 Allied Spring offensive on the Salonika Front.
May 5–9 Second Battle of the Cerna Bend, a phase of the Allied Spring Offensive. Details
May 12 – June 6 Tenth Battle of the Isonzo. Details
May 15 Philippe Pétain replaces Robert Nivelle as Commander-in-Chief of the French Army.[52] Details
May 23 Battle of Mount Hermada in the Karst.
June–October Operation Hush, British attempt to capture coast of Belgium fails.
June 7–14 Second Battle of Messines, the British blow 19 deep mines and recapture Messines Ridge. Details
June 10–29 Battle of Mount Ortigara. Details
June 12 Greece: King Constantine I abdicates.[53] Details
June 13 First successful heavy bomber raid on London done by the Gotha G.IV.
June 25 First American troops land in France. Details
June 30 Greece declares war on the Central powers. Details
July 1–19 The Kerensky Offensive fails. It is the last Russian initiative in the war.[54] Details
July 1–2 Battle of Zborov, a phase of the Kerensky Offensive. Details
July 6 Arab rebels led by Lawrence of Arabia seize the Jordanian port of Aqaba.[55] Details
July 20 Corfu Declaration about the future Kingdom of Yugoslavia.[56] Details
July 22 – August 1 Battle of Marasti
July 29 Battle of Kiawe Bridge.
July 31 The Third Battle of Ypres (aka Battle of Passchendaele) begins. Details
July 31 – August 2 Battle of Pilckem Ridge (Opening phase of the Third Battle of Ypres).
August 2–10 Battle of Rumbo.
August 6–20 Battle of Mărăşeşti. Details
August 8–20 Second Battle of Oituz.
August 15–25 Battle of Hill 70 (Initial phase of the Battle of Third Battle of Ypres).
August 16–18 Second Battle of Langemarck (Initial phase of the Battle of Third Battle of Ypres). Details
August 18–28 Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo. Details
August 20–26 Second Offensive Battle of Verdun.
September – October Operation Albion. German capture of Oesel, Dago and Moon Islands.
September 1–3 Battle of Jugla.
September 8 Russia: General Kornilov's coup attempt fails. Details
September 20–26 Battle of the Menin Road Ridge (Intermediate phase of the Third Battle of Ypres).
September 26–27 Battle of Polygon Wood (Intermediate phase of the Battle of the Third Battle of Ypres).
September 28–29 Battle of Ramadi, Mesopotamia. Details
October 4 Battle of Broodseinde (part of the final phases of the Battle of the Third Battle of Ypres).
October 9 Battle of Poelcappelle (part of the final phases of the Battle of the Third Battle of Ypres).
October 12 First Battle of Passchendaele (part of the final phases of the Third Battle of Ypres).
October 15–18 Battle of Mahiwa.
October 23 Battle of Wadi Musa.
October 23 – November 10 Battle of La Malmaison, delayed French attack on the Chemin des Dames. Details
October 24 – November 4 Battle of Caporetto. The Austro-Hungarians and Germans break through the Italian lines. The Italian army is defeated and falls back on the Piave River. Details
October 26 – November 10 Second Battle of Passchendaele (Closing phase of the Third Battle of Ypres).
October 27 Battle of Buqqar Ridge.
October 30 Italy: Vittorio Emanuele Orlando succeeds Paolo Boselli as Prime Minister. Details
October 31 – November 7 Third Battle of Gaza. The British break through the Ottoman lines. Details
October 31 Battle of Beersheba (opening phase of the Third Battle of Gaza). Details
November 1–6 Battle of Tel el Khuweilfe.
November 2 Balfour Declaration: the British government supports plans for a Jewish "national home" in Palestine. Details
November 5 The Allies agree to establish a Supreme War Council at Versailles.
November 7 The October Revolution begins in Russia. The Bolsheviks seize power. Details
Charge at Sheria.
November 8 Armando Diaz replaces Luigi Cadorna as Commander-in-Chief of the Italian Army. Details
Charge at Huj.
November 9 – December 28 First Battle of the Piave: the Austro-Hungarians and Germans try unsuccessfully to cross the river. Details
November 10 The Third Battle of Ypres (aka Battle of Passchendaele) ends in a stalemate. Details
November 11 – December 23 First Battle of Monte Grappa, Austro-Hungarian offensive halted.
November 13 France: Paul Painlevé is replaced by Georges Clemenceau as Prime Minister. Details
Battle of Mughar Ridge.
November 14 Battle of Ayun Kara.
November 17 Second Battle of Heligoland Bight, North Sea. Details
November 17 – December 30 Battle of Jerusalem. The British enter the city (December 11). Details
November 18–24 Battle of Nebi Samwil, a phase of the Battle of Jerusalem.
November 20 – December 3 First Battle of Cambrai. A British attack fails and the battle results in a stalemate.[57] Details
November 25 Battle of Ngomano, the Germans invade Portuguese East Africa to gain supplies.
December 1 Battle of El Burj, a phase of the Battle of Jerusalem.
December 7 The United States declares war on Austria-Hungary.
December 16 Russia signs a preliminary armistice with Germany.
December 20–21 Battle of Jaffa, a phase of the Battle of Jerusalem. Details

1918

Dates Events
January 8 Woodrow Wilson outlines his Fourteen Points. Details
February to September Allied forces occupy the Jordan Rift Valley. Details
February 9 The Central Powers signed an exclusive protectorate treaty with the Ukrainian People's Republic as part of the negotiations that took place in Brest-Litovsk. Details
February 15–16 Battle of Rarancza.
February 18 – March 3 Operation Faustschlag, last offensive on Eastern Front.
February 19 British begin their assault on Jericho. Details
February 21 The British capture Jericho. Details
Germans capture Minsk. Details
February 24 Germans capture Zhytomyr. Details
February 25 German troops capture Estonia. Details
February 28 Germans capture Pskov and Narva. Details
March 2 Germans capture Kiev. Details
March 3 At Brest-Litovsk, Leon Trotsky signs the peace treaty with Germany.[58] Details
March 7 German artillery bombard the Americans at Rouge Bouquet. Details
March 8–12 Battle of Tell 'Asur.
March 8–13 Battle of Bakhmach.
March 21 – April 5 First phase of the Spring Offensive, Operation Michael (aka Second Battle of the Somme). The Germans obtain a Pyrrhic victory. Details
March 21–23 The Battle of St. Quentin, first phase of Operation Michael and of the Spring Offensive. Details
March 21 – April 2 First Transjordan attack on Amman.
March 23 – August 7 Artillery bombardment of Paris. Details
March 24–25 First Battle of Bapaume, a phase of Operation Michael. Details
March 25 First Battle of Noyon, a phase of Operation Michael. Details
March 26 French Marshal Ferdinand Foch is appointed Supreme Commander of all Allied forces. Details
March 26–27 Battle of Rosieres, a phase of Operation Michael. Details
Action of Khan Baghdadi.
March 27–31 First Battle of Amman, a phase Of The First Transjordan Attack.
March 28 Third Battle of Arras (aka First Battle of Arras (1918)), a phase of Operation Michael. Details
March 30 – April 5 First Battle of Villers-Bretonneux, a phase of Operation Michael.
April 1 Royal Air Force founded by combining the Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Naval Air Service.
April 4–5 Battle of the Avre, final phase of Operation Michael.
April 7–29 Second phase of the Spring Offensive, Operation Georgette (aka Battle of the Lys). The results are disappointing for the Germans. Details
April 7–9 Battle of Estaires, first phase of Operation Georgette. Details
April 10–11 Third Battle of Messines, a phase of Operation Georgette. Details
April 12–13 Battle of Hazebrouck, a phase of Operation Georgette. Details
April 13–15 Battle of Bailleul, a phase of Operation Georgette. Details
April 17–19 First Battle of Kemmelberg, a phase of Operation Georgette. Details
April 18 Battle of Bethune, a phase of Operation Georgette. Details
April 24–27 Second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux, a phase of Operation Georgette.
April 25–26 Second Battle of Kemmelberg, a phase of Operation Georgette. Details
April 29 Battle of Scherpenberg, final phase of Operation Georgette. Details
April 30 – May 4 Second Transjordan attack on Shunet Nimrin and Es Salt.
May 7 Treaty of Bucharest between Romania and the Central Powers. It will never be ratified. Details
May 10–11 Battle of Kaniow.
May 21 Ottomans invade Armenia. Details
May 21–29 Battle of Sardarabad, a phase of the invasion of Armenia.
Battle of Abaran, a phase of the invasion of Armenia.
May 24–28 Battle of Karakilisa, a phase of the invasion of Armenia.
May 27 – June 6 Third Battle of the Aisne (aka Operation Blücher-Yorck, third phase of the Spring Offensive). After initial gains, the German advance is halted. Details
May 28 Battle of Cantigny.
May 29–31 Battle of Skra-di-Legen
June 1–26 Battle of Belleau Wood, part of the German Spring Offensive.
June 8 Action of Arsuf.
June 8 – October Germany interferes in the Caucuses. Details
June 9–12 Fourth phase of the Spring Offensive, Operation Gneisenau (aka Battle of Matz). Despite substantial territorial gains, the Germans do not achieve their strategic goals Details
June 13–23 Second Battle of the Piave: the Austro-Hungarian offensive is repelled. Details
June 30 Battle of Moreuil Wood.
July 4 Battle of Hamel.
July 14 Battle of Abu Tellul.
July 15 – August 6 Second Battle of the Marne and last German offensive on the Western Front, which fails when the Germans are counterattacked by the French. Details
July 15–17 Champagne-Marne Offensive (consisting of the Fourth Battle of Champagne and the Battle of the Mountain of Reims), a phase of the Second Battle of the Marne. last phase of the Spring Offensive and last German offensive of World War I. Details
July 17 The Tsar and his family were shot early in the morning by the Bolsheviks. Details
July 18 Battle of Chateau-Thierry, a phase of the Second Battle of the Marne. Details
July 18–22 Battle of Soissons,a phase of the Second Battle of the Marne. Details
July 19 Battle of Tardenois, a phase of the Second Battle of the Marne.
August 8 – November 11 Hundred Days Offensive, last offensive on Western Front.
August 8–12 Battle of Amiens, first phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. Details
August 9–12 Battle of Montdidier.
August 13 – September 3 Battle of San Matteo.
August 17–29 Second Battle of Noyon, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. Details
August 21 – September 3 Second Battle of the Somme(aka Third battle of the Somme), a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. Details
August 21–22 Third Battle of Albert, opening phase of the Second Battle of the Somme. Details
August 21 – September 3 Second Battle of Bapaume, a phase of the Second Battle of the Somme.
August 26 – September 3 Fourth Battle of Arras (aka Second Battle of Arras (1918)), a phase of the Second Battle of the Somme Details
August 26–30 Fourth Battle of the Scarpe (aka Battle of the Scarpe (1918)), a phase of the Fourth Battle of Arras. Details
August 26 – September 14 Battle of Baku, last Turkish offensive of the war.
August 31 – September 3 Battle of Mont Saint-Quentin, a phase of the Second Battle of the Somme.
September 1–2 Battle of Peronne, a phase of the Battle of Mont Saint-Quentin. Details
September 2–3 Battle of Drocourt-Queant Line, final phase of the Second Battle of the Somme. Details
September 10 Battle of Savy-Dallon, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. Details
September 12 Battle of Havrincourt, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. Details
September 12–19 Battle of Saint-Mihiel, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive.
September 14 Battle of Vauxaillon, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. Details
September 14–29 Vardar Offensive, final offensive on the Balkan Front.
September 15 The Allies (French and Serbs) break through the Bulgarian lines at Dobro Polje, a phase of the Vardar Offensive. Details
September 18 Battle of Epehy, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive.
September 18–19 Third Battle of Doiran, a phase of the Vardar Offensive, The Bulgarians halt the British and Greek advance. Details
September 18 – October 17 Battle of the Hindenburg Line, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. The Allies break through the German lines. Details
September 19–25 Battle of Megiddo. The British conquer Palestine. Details
Battle of Nablus, a phase of the Battle of Meggido. Details
Third Transjordan attack, a phase of the Battle of Nablus.
Battle of Sharon, a phase of the Battle of Megiddo.
September 22 The British capture Jisr ed Damieh in the Battle of Sharon. Details
September 25 The British capture Tiberias during the Battle of Sharon. Details
September 19 Battle of Tulkarm, a phase of the Battle of Sharon.
Battle of Arara, a phase of the Battle of Sharon.
September 19–20 Battle of Tabsor, a phase of the Battle of Sharon.
September 20 Capture of Jenin, a phase of the Battle of Sharon.
British capture both Afulah and Beisan during the Battle of Sharon. Details
September 20–21 Battle of Nazareth, a phase of the Battle of Sharon.
September 23 Battle of Haifa, a phase of the Battle of Sharon. Details
September 25 Battle of Samakh, a phase of the Battle of Sharon.
Second Battle of Amman, a phase of the Third Transjordan Attack.
September 26 – November 11 Meuse-Argonne Offensive, the final phase of the Hundred Days Offensive and of World War I. Details
September 26 – October 1 The British enter Damascus. Details
September 26 Battle of Somme-Py (Initial phase of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive). Details
Charge at Irbid, a phase of the Capture of Damascus.
September 26–27 British capture Deraa during the Capture of Damascus. Details
September 27 Battle of Jisr Benat Yakub, a phase of the Capture of Damascus.
September 27 – October 1 Battle of the Canal du Nord, a phase of the Battle of the Hindenburg Line.
September 28 – October 2 Fifth Battle of Ypres (aka Advance on Flanders), a phase of the Battle of the Hindenburg Line.
September 29 – October 10 Battle of St. Quentin Canal, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive.
September 30 Bulgaria signs an armistice with the Allies.[59]
Battle of Saint-Thierry (Initial phase of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive). Details
Charge at Kaukab, a phase of the Capture of Damascus.
Charge at Kiswe, a phase of the Capture of Damascus.
October 3–27 Pursuit to Haritan.
Battle of Blanc Mont Ridge.
October 8–10 Second Battle of Cambrai (aka Battle of Cambrai (1918)), a phase of the Battle of the Hindenburg Line. Details
October 14–17 Battle of Montfaucon (intermediate phase of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive). Details
October 14–19 Battle of Courtrai, closing phase of the Hundred Days offensive. Details
October 15 Battle of Mont-D'Origny, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. Details
October 17–26 Battle of the Selle, closing phase of the Hundred Days Offensive.
October 20 Germany suspends submarine warfare. Details
Battle of Lys and Escaut (Which included the Second Battle of Lys and the Battle of the Escaut), a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. Details
Battle of Serre, a phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. Details
October 23–30 Battle of Sharqat.
October 24 – November 4 Battle of Vittorio Veneto. The Austro-Hungarian army is routed. The Italians enter Trent and land at Triest. Details
October 24–28 Second Battle of Monte Grappa, beginning phase of Vittorio Veneto.
October 25 Battle of Aleppo. Details
October 29 Wilhelm Groener replaces Erich Ludendorff as Hindenburg's deputy. Details
Germany's Hochseeflotte mutinies.[60] Details
State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs proclaimed. Details
October 30 The Ottoman Empire signs the Armistice of Mudros. Details
November 1 Battle of Chesne (Closing phase of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive). Details
November 1–2 Battle of Valenciennes, closing phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. Details
November 3 Austria-Hungary signs the armistice with Italy, effective November 4.[61]
November 4 Battle of the Sambre, closing phase of the Hundred Days Offensive. Details
Second Battle of Guise, a phase of the Battle of Sambre. Details
Battle of Thierache, a phase of the Battle of Sambre. Details
November 6–11 Advance to the Meuse.
November 9 Germany: Kaiser William II abdicates; republic proclaimed.[62] Details
November 10 Austria-Hungary: Kaiser Charles I abdicates. Details
November 11 At 6 am, Germany signs the Armistice of Compiègne. End of fighting at 11 a.m..[63]
Poland proclaimed.
November 12 Austria proclaimed a republic.
November 14 Czechoslovakia proclaimed a republic. Details
German U-boats interned.
3 days after the armistice, fighting ends in the East African theater when General von Lettow-Vorbeck agrees a cease-fire on hearing of Germany's surrender. Details
November 21 Germany's Hochseeflotte surrendered to the United Kingdom.[60] Details
November 22 The Germans evacuate Luxembourg.
November 25 11 days after agreeing a cease-fire, General von Lettow-Vorbeck formally surrenders his undefeated army at Abercorn in present-day Zambia. Details
November 27 The Germans evacuate Belgium.
December 1 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes proclaimed. Details

1919

Dates Events
10 January Fakhri Pasha surrenders at Medina. Details
January 18 Treaty of Versailles between the Allies and Germany: the Peace Conference opens in Paris.[64] Details
January 25 Proposal to create the League of Nations accepted. Details
June 21 German High Seas Fleet (53 ships) scuttled in Scapa Flow with nine deaths, the last casualties of the war.[60] Details
June 28 Treaty of Versailles signed.[65] Details
July 8 Germany ratifies the Treaty of Versailles.[66] Details
July 21 The United Kingdom ratifies the Treaty of Versailles.[67] Details
November 10–11 A Banquet in Honour of The President of the French Republic was hosted by King George V and held at Buckingham Palace during the evening hours of November 10. The very first [Armistice Day] was held on the Grounds of Buckingham Palace on the Morning of November 11. This would set the trend for a day of Remembrance or Remembrance Day for decades to come. Details

1920

Dates Events
January 10 First meeting of the League of Nations held in London. Official end of World War I. Details
Free City of Danzig established.[68] Details
January 21 The Paris Peace Conference ends. Details
February 10 A plebiscite returns Northern Schleswig to Denmark.[69] Details
April 19–26 Conference of Sanremo, Italy, about League of Nations mandates in former Ottoman territories of the Middle East. Details
June 4 Treaty of Trianon between the Allies and Hungary. Details
August 10 Treaty of Sèvres between the Allies and the Ottoman Empire. The treaty is not recognized by the Turkish national movement, which considers the Istanbul government illegitimate.[70] Details
September 8 Gabriele D'Annunzio proclaims in Fiume the Italian Regency of Carnaro. Details
November 1 League of Nations headquarters moved to Geneva, Switzerland. Details
November 12 Treaty of Rapallo between Italy and Yugoslavia. Zadar is annexed by Italy and the Free State of Fiume is established. Details
November 15 The League of Nations holds its first general assembly. Details

Post-1920

Dates Events
1921
October 13 Treaty of Kars between Bolshevik Russia and Turkey. Details
1922
February 6 Washington Naval Treaty, limiting naval tonnage, signed by France, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. Details
April 10 – May 19 Genoa Conference. Representatives of 34 countries discuss economics in the wake of the Great War. Details
April 16 Treaty of Rapallo between Germany and Bolshevik Russia to normalize diplomatic relations. Details
September 11 Treaty of Kars ratified in Yerevan, Armenia. Details
1923
July 24 Treaty of Lausanne between the Allies and Turkey, successor State to the Ottoman Empire. It supersedes the Treaty of Sèvres.[71] Details
1924
January 27 Treaty of Rome between Italy and Yugoslavia. Fiume is annexed by Italy and the neighboring town of Sušak is assigned to Yugoslavia. Details

Notes

  1. ↑ Albertini 1953, p. 38.
  2. ↑ Keegan 1998, p. 53.
  3. ↑ Lowe 1994, p. 202.
  4. ↑ Evans 2004, p. 12.
  5. ↑ Willmott 2003, p. 29.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ The Treaty of Alliance Between Germany and Turkey 2 August 1914, Yale University
  8. ↑ Keegan 1998, p. 69.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Neiberg 2005, pp. 54–55.
  15. ↑ Halpern 1995, p. 28.
  16. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 605.
  17. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 374.
  18. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 445.
  19. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 459.
  20. ↑ Farwell 1989, p. 353.
  21. ↑ Creveld 1977, p. 121.
  22. ↑ Odgers 1994, p. 42.
  23. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. xviii.
  24. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 316.
  25. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 151.
  26. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 943.
  27. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 407.
  28. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 578.
  29. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 1052.
  30. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 299.
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 337.
  33. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 564.
  34. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 652.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Tucker 2005, p. 653.
  36. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 721.
  37. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 42.
  38. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 1139.
  39. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 323.
  40. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 660.
  41. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 464.
  42. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 1061.
  43. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 1431.
  44. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 366.
  45. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 1092.
  46. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 467.
  47. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 1252.
  48. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 344.
  49. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 245.
  50. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 854.
  51. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 855.
  52. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 434.
  53. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 174.
  54. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 632.
  55. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 115.
  56. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 1286
  57. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 1283.
  58. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 225.
  59. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 242.
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 60.2 Gottschall 2003, p. 265.
  61. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 563.
  62. ↑ Boemeke 1998, p. 85.
  63. ↑ Boemeke 1998, p. 84.
  64. ↑ Boemeke 1998, p. 478.
  65. ↑ Boemeke 1998, p. 246.
  66. ↑ Boemeke 1998, p. 414.
  67. ↑ Boemeke 1998, p. 566.
  68. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 1223.
  69. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 349.
  70. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 126.
  71. ↑ Tucker 2005, p. 674.

References

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Further reading

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External links

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