Turkish hamster
| Turkish hamster | |
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M. brandti
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| Mesocricetus brandti (Nehring, 1898)
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The Turkish hamster (Mesocricetus brandti), also referred to as Brandt’s hamster,[2][3] Azerbaijani hamster,[3] or avurtlak,[4] is a species of hamster native to Turkey,[3] Armenia and other surrounding nations.[2] The Turkish hamster, first catalogued in 1878,[2] is a fairly close relative of the Syrian or golden hamster,[3] though far less is known about it, and it is rarely kept as a pet (some sources state the hamster is not kept widely as a pet[3][4] while others simply say it cannot be kept as a pet due to its aggressive nature.[3]) The population of the Turkish hamster is said to be declining in the wild,[2] yet this hamster is often used in laboratory testing.[3] Turkish hamsters have lifespans of about two years[3] and are solitary,[3][5] nocturnal animals, which practice hibernation.[2][3] They are reported to be more aggressive[3] than other members of the family Cricetidae.[3] They are tan and dark, sandy brown in color.[4] Like all hamsters, the Turkish hamster has cheek pouches that allow it to carry large amounts of food at one time.[4]
Contents
Habitat and behavior
Hamsters are found in the wild throughout Europe and Asia[2][3] and are considered to be extremely adaptable,[2] living in scrublands, sand dunes, desert steppes and farmlands.[2][6] The land where the Turkish hamster lives is extremely dry and open, with fairly little vegetation aside from grasses.[2] Turkish hamsters usually live between 1,000 and 2,200 meters above sea level.[2] This hamster burrows in the ground for shelter,[2] and its burrows can be 20 inches to 6 feet below the ground surface.[2] These burrows are complex, consisting of several tunnels leading to separate cells for nesting, food, and waste.[2] Turkish hamster burrows are well-enough equipped for the hamsters to hibernate for four to 10 months (though sources do differ on this point),[2][3] sometimes sleeping for 30 days at a time,[5] though usually waking weekly for a day or two of activity.[2][3][5]
Diet
Turkish hamsters have fairly varied diets,[2] subsisting primarily on grains and herbs.[2] They do eat insects on occasion and store roots and leaves in their burrows for hibernation.[2] As Turkish hamsters often live near and among farmlands, they often eat human crops and are considered a pest.[2]
Population and endangerment
The Turkish hamster is a rare species,[2][4] but is the most widespread of the family Cricetidae. Its ability to live in a variety of environments means the Turkish hamster often lives on farmlands,[2] and is seen as a pest. Because the Turkish hamster is looked on as a nuisance by farmers in its area of habitation, their population is in rapid decline.[2] In 1996, the Turkish hamster was categorized as an animal with the lowest risk of extinction,[2] but due to cases of direct poisoning by farmers, it is now near threatened.[2] More data are needed to understand the population decline.[2]
Reproduction
Turkish hamsters are weaned from their mothers after three weeks of nursing.[5] After eight weeks of age, females are sexually mature,[5] but males do not mature until six months of age.[5] According to iucnredlist.org, Turkish hamsters have two to four litters of young per year, with four to 20 young per litter, averaging 10.[2] Petwebsite.com differs on this point, arguing the litter size is between one and 13 young, with an average of 6.[5] The gestation lasts from 14 to 15 days,[3][5] or 16–17 days.[2] The two main breeding seasons are spring and fall,[5] when daylength is about 15–17 hours per day.[5]
Relationship to other hamsters
All wild hamsters are solitary creatures and are generally aggressive. Turkish hamsters are most closely related to the Syrian or golden hamster.[3] The Turkish hamster is considered to be the most aggressive of the two, but this could be because the other species has been domesticated.[4][6]
Domestic pets
Turkish hamsters are not generally kept as pets because of their aggression,[3] but the Syrian (golden) hamsters[6] are extremely common in pet stores all across the world.[6] The domestication of the hamster was a fairly recent development;[6] in 1930, a family of Syrian hamsters was domesticated,[6] and this was the first instance of hamster domestication in history.[6] Since then, only five of the 18 species of hamster[6]—the Campbell's dwarf hamster, the Djungarian hamster, the Roborovski hamster, the golden hamster, and the Chinese hamster—have been domesticated and are sold in pet shops.[6] Turkish hamsters are often used in laboratory experiments.[3]
References
- ↑ Kryštufek, B., Yigit, N. & Amori, G. (2008). Mesocricetus brandti. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 14 Jule 2009. Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of near threatened
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
