Udhampur district

This article is about the district. For its eponymous headquarters, see Udhampur.

Kiramchi Kirmichi temple complex

Location of Udhampur District within Jammu and Kashmir state

Udhampur is a district in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. Udhampur town is the headquarters of this district.

Vaishno Devi cave near Katra is an important shrine for the Hindus and the most famous tourist attraction of this district. Patnitop and Sudh Mahadev are also tourist places. Major attractions in Udhampur city include Gole Market, Devika Ghats, Jakhani Park, Ramnagar chowk (Pandav mandir and Kachalu), Salain Talab, and the Main Bazar.

The major languages spoken in the district are Dogri, Hindi, Urdu, and Gojri.

Weather conditions

Temperature varies considerably in the Udhampur District, as the altitude ranges from 600 m to 3,000 m. Chenab, Ans, Tawi and Ujh are the main rivers. The district is rich in minerals such as coal, bauxite, gypsum and lime-stone.

Administration

Udhampur district comprises seven tehsils (Chenani, Ramnagar Tehsil, Majalta and seven blocks, namely, Dudu Basantgarh, Gordi, Chenani, Bajalta, Panchari, Ramnagar and Udhampur. Each block consists of a number of panchayats.

Demographics

The 2001 census indicates the population of the district to be 743,509. There are 871 females for every 1000 males in the district. The overall literacy rate is 54.16%, with 66.43% for males and 39.89% for females. The majority of the population of the district practice Hinduism. The majority are Dogras in this district. There are a large number of nomadic Gujjars and Bakarwals present in the district as well. Hindus are 542,593, Muslims 190,112 (25.56%).

According to the 2011 census Udhampur district has a population of 555,357, roughly equal to the nation of Solomon Islands or the US state of Wyoming. This gives it a ranking of 538th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 211 inhabitants per square kilometre (550/sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 20.86%. Udhampur has a sex ratio of 863 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 69.9%.

Literacy and education level

Literates educational level attained
Persons 343,429
Males 225,888
Females 117,541

Literacy rate
Primary 90,460
Persons 55.21
Males 67.07
Females 41.20

Tourist attractions

The most famous among the historical places and monuments are the Babore Temples, Kiramchi (Krimchi) Temples, Sheesh Mahal of Ramnagar, Ramnagar Fort,Shankari devtaa mandir in pancheri, shrines of Chountra Devi and Pingla Devi. Tourist spots include Patnitop, Sanasar, and Latti.

The historic temples of Kiramchi are 8km off the Udhampur-Jammu road then a ten-minute walk along the riverside.

Temples

Devika, Babore Temples Kansar Devta's Shrine,Shaankari devta mandir, Shiv Khori Cave Temple,
Bhairav Ghati, Krimchi Temples, Shiv Parvathi Cave Shrine
Cairhai, Mutal Pingla Devi Shrine, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Shrine
Deva Mayi Maa Temple, Sheshnag Shrine
Land Of DeVika
Udhampur is also known as DEVIKA NAGARI.

In the Nilmat Puran that was written in the 7th century by Nela Muni, it is mentioned that the Devika River is a manifestation of the mother Goddess Parwati herself to benefit the people of Mader Desha that covers areas between river Ravi and Chenab and the river Devika appeared on Shiv Ratri. Lord Shiva himself remains side by side with his consort Uma manifesting himself in form of Shiv Lingas at EIGHT places alongside the Devika river. The river presently runs under its sandy surface.

In Devi Mahatmays it is mentioned that there is no need to perform Japa or any ritual for obtaining spiritual benefits at this pilgrim centre, only to touch with the Devika waters or having a bath in its waters is enough to get spiritual benefits. Water comes out by digging about a foot into the sand bed. Cremation on the sands of Devika is considered as meritorious as cremation on the banks of the Ganges at Kashi.

Cities and towns

Batle, Mansar, Thabu, Chenani, Narsu, Thalora, Domail, Ramkot, Jib, Udhampur, Jagoonu, Ramnagar, Patnitop, Manwal, Kishanpur, Reasi, Katra, Tangar, Sansoo, Balwalta, Pancheri, Garhi, Chopra Bazaar, Palthyar.

Military

The Northern Command Headquarters of the Indian Army is based in Udhampur and consists of three Corps, the XIV, XV, and XVI. All units are deployed along the Line of Control in Kashmir, with the exceptions of the 39th Infantry Division, and the 2nd, 3rd, and 16th Independent Armored Brigades.

Prior to Independence, Northern Command Headquarters was located at Rawalpindi, and was responsible for the defence of North West India. After Partition, the Command Headquarters was allocated to Pakistan. In India, a new Headquarters designated as Western Command was located at Shimla to look after the Northern borders with Pakistan and some portions of Tibet.

The need for a separate Headquarters in the North was felt during First Kashmir War in 1948. The experience of wars in 1962, 1965 and 1971 reinforced the conviction that the Northern Theatre needed to be commanded by a Headquarters based at Shimla. The 1965 and 1971 Wars demonstrated that the area under General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Command was too vast for effective command.

Accordingly, in 1971, duplicate headquarters with duplicated staff were set up at Shimla and Bhatinda. After 1971, Headquarter Northern Command was established at Udhampur, taking over responsibility for Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh.

It was decided in June 1972 to raise Northern Command at Udhampur, with two corps under it, to look after the defence of this region. This strength has now increased to three corps. Northern Command now controls this sensitive region of the country which covers the entire state of Jammu and Kashmir and contiguous portions of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh.

The first GOC-in-C of Northern Command was Lt Gen PS Bhagat. The command has been in the operational mode since its inception. It saw a number of high and low intensity operations.

Troops of the Northern Command have been manning the highest battlefield in the world at the Siachen Glacier where the altitude of the posts varies from 15,000 to 23,000 ft.

This command has played a crucial role in fighting against the proxy war that began in 1990. Over 18,000 terrorists have been killed, more than 80 tons of explosives and almost 40,000 weapons have been recovered. The command also took the onus of fencing the Line of Control to curtail the levels of infiltration and exfiltration.

The XIV Corps is the field formation that is responsible for Ladakh and Kargil, and is responsible for intelligence about enemy positions near the Line of Control. The Kargil operation in 1999 was primarily the responsibility of the 8 Mountain Division, the formation that was rushed there after the intrusions were detected in May 1999. 56 Mountain Brigade deployed two battalions to contain intrusions in Mashkoh and Dras while the third battalion (18 Grenadiers) established the crucial firm base 1000 feet below Tololing at 15,000 feet. 8 Mountain Div was tasked to clear nearly 50 pockets of intrusions in Mashkoh. Of the 16 battalions involved in the war, only 10 were employed at Kargil. 8 Mountain Division played a major role in evicting intrusions and defeating the Pakistan army at Kargil. It switched in 1990 from a counterinsurgency division in the North-East to the Srinagar valley and now to a high altitude mountain division at Kargil.

XVI Corps is believed to be one of the largest corps in the world as it consists of five divisions.

As of mid-1999 there were two divisions, comprising approximately 15,000 soldiers each, manning the LoC and the Line of Actual Control with China from Kargil to Siachen. While the 8 Mountain Division had been given sole charge of guarding 150 kilometers of the border in the Kargil sector, the 3 Infantry Division was in charge of Siachen and the Aksai Chin border. Significantly, as the 15 Corps mobilised its forces for the counterattack and elements of the 18 Mountain Division poured into the various sectors of Kargil, the people of Jammu & Kashmir were steadfast against the enemy forces.

With the induction of 14 Corps into Ladakh, the supply-load on the Army Service Corps (ASC) has increased tremendously. Given the politico-military situation on India's borders, a large portion of the army is deployed in some of the most inhospitable terrain. As of early 2002 these units had been joined by Central Command's I Corps Strike Force consisting of three divisions.

The Indian Army announced the creation of its new command known as South Western Command with its Headquarters at Jaipur, which formally came into being on 18 April 2005. the South-Western Command, will operate in conjunction with the Udhampur-based Northern Command and Chandimandir-based Western Command. The reallocation of forces to the South-Western Command from Northern Command and Western Command was not immediately apparent.

For an effective operational preparedness in the western sector, in mid-2005 Indian Army raised a new corps at Yol Cantt in Kangra Valley of Himachal Pradesh. The new corps, christened 9 Corps, comprises 26 and 29 Infantry Divisions, which had previously been allocated to XVI Corps / Nagrota Corps, and a number of brigades.

Politics

Udhampur District has 3 assembly constituencies: Udhampur, Chenani and Ramnagar. National Panthers party has good following in udhampur district followed by BJP and INC

External links

• http://udhampur.nic.in
• [1] List of places in Udhampur