BCSE

MIPS (originally an acronym for Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages) is a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) instruction set (ISA) developed by MIPS Technologies (formerly MIPS Computer Systems, Inc.). The early MIPS architectures were 32-bit, with 64-bit versions added later. Multiple revisions of the MIPS instruction set exist, including MIPS I, MIPS II, MIPS III, MIPS IV, MIPS V, MIPS32, and MIPS64. The current revisions are MIPS32 (for 32-bit implementations) and MIPS64 (for 64-bit implementations). MIPS32 and MIPS64 define a control register set as well as the instruction set.

 Language and sentence  Let  be a set of characters. A language over  is a set of strings of characters drawn from .  Alphabet = English characters Language = English sentences  Alphabet = ASCII Language = C programs  Each string over  is a sentence 

Names (continued) 27/03/15 IUBAT CSC 461 4  Length  If too short, they cannot be connotative(suggest something in addition to its main meaning)  Language examples:  FORTRAN I: maximum 6  COBOL: maximum 30  FORTRAN 90 and ANSI C: maximum 31  Ada and Java: no limit, and all are significant  C++: no limit, but implementers often impose one  Connectors  Pascal, Modula-2, and FORTRAN 77 don't allow  Others do 27/03/15 IUBAT CSC 461 7  A variable is an abstraction of a memory cell  Abstract memory cell -the physical cell or collection of cells associated with a variable  Variables can be characterized as a set of attributes:  Name  Address  Value  Type  Lifetime  Scope

Despite sign language being the primary medium of conversation with deaf and dumb (DD) individuals, it is hard to grasp for any class of people, making communication immensely challenging. Bengali being one of the most spoken languages globally, significant research works on Bangla Sign Language (BdSL) have come to light to deal with this challenge. In recent years, researchers from diverse backgrounds have proposed solutions to automate the process of BdSL recognition. In this literature review, we have explored the trends of research on BdSL by comparing incorporated features and evaluation results of systems between 2002-2021 and techniques applied on different existing and new datasets. We have also collected and combined metadata from datasets of all BdSL Alphabets and numerics used so far. The literature findings of this paper indicate that most proposed models perform well on images containing static and single-handed signs but, performance falls significantly in complex backgrounds. Moreover, we focused on identifying insights and similarities of the existing system, finding research gaps and propose possible future directions. We expect this article will draw the attention of more researchers into this domain and this is the first identifiable academic literature review of BdSL recognition systems to the best of our knowledge. Contribution-To provide a thorough review of existing Bangla sign language recognition systems, identify insights and underlying similarities of existing works and provide future research directions.

Despite sign language being the primary medium of conversation with deaf and dumb (DD) individuals, it is hard to grasp for any class of people, making communication immensely challenging. Bengali being one of the most spoken languages globally, significant research works on Bangla Sign Language (BdSL) have come to light to deal with this challenge. In recent years, researchers from diverse backgrounds have proposed solutions to automate the process of BdSL recognition. In this literature review, we have explored the trends of research on BdSL by comparing incorporated features and evaluation results of systems between 2002-2021 and techniques applied on different existing and new datasets. We have also collected and combined metadata from datasets of all BdSL Alphabets and numerics used so far. The literature findings of this paper indicate that most proposed models perform well on images containing static and single-handed signs but, performance falls significantly in complex backgrounds. Moreover, we focused on identifying insights and similarities of the existing system, finding research gaps and propose possible future directions. We expect this article will draw the attention of more researchers into this domain and this is the first identifiable academic literature review of BdSL recognition systems to the best of our knowledge. Contribution-To provide a thorough review of existing Bangla sign language recognition systems, identify insights and underlying similarities of existing works and provide future research directions.

This study is to show how sensors can help rescuing affected people from the casualty area caused by natural or human caused disaster. Sensors that will use Radio Frequency Identification to transmit the data to the recipient to know the existence of the living creatures that are stuck in the casualty area. Here the sensors would use the temperature of the invaded to determine the existence of the Pulsation of life. The proposed technology could potentially save the life of the invaded as it will help finding them and rescuing them from the crisis zone by using Radio Frequency Identification for transmitting the signals to the recipient which will coming from the sensors.

a b s t r a c t Background: Toscana virus (TOSV) is an emerging pathogen causing central nervous system (CNS) infection in Mediterranean countries, mostly during summer season. Objectives: To compare the clinical and laboratory characteristics of Toscana CNS infections to the most common viral pathogens seen in the United States. Study design: We performed a case series of patients with 41 TOSV infection and compared the clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, imaging results and clinical outcomes to the most commonly recognized viral causes of meningoencephalitis in the US [enterovirus (n = 60), herpes simplex virus (n = 48), and West Nile virus (n = 30)] from our multi-center study of patients with aseptic meningoencephalitis syndromes in the Greater Houston area.

Background: We aimed to derive and validate a risk score that identifies adults with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis and a negative CSF Gram stain at low risk for an urgent treatable cause. Methods: Patients with CSF pleocytosis and a negative CSF Gram stain were stratified into a prospective derivation (n Z 193) and a retrospective validation (n Z 567) cohort. Clinically related baseline characteristics were grouped into three composite variables, each independently associated with a set of predefined urgent treatable causes. We subsequently derived a risk score classifying patients into low (0 composite variables present) or high (!1 composite variables present) risk for an urgent treatable cause. The sensitivity of the risk score was determined in the validation cohort and in a prospective case series of 214 adults with CSFculture proven bacterial meningitis, CSF pleocytosis and a negative Gram stain. Findings: A total of 41 of 193 patients (21%) in the derivation cohort and 71 of 567 (13%) in the validation cohort had an urgent treatable cause. Sensitivity of the dichotomized risk score to Please cite this article in press as: Hasbun R, et al., Risk score for identifying adults with CSF pleocytosis and negative CSF Gram stain at low risk for an urgent treatable cause, J Infect (2013), http://dx.detect an urgent treatable cause was 100.0% (95% CI 93.9e100.0%) in the validation cohort and 100.0% (95% CI 97.8e100.0%) in bacterial meningitis patients. Interpretation: The risk score can be used to identify adults with CSF pleocytosis and a negative CSF Gram stain at low risk for an urgent treatable cause.