wagen

See also: Wagen, wägen, and Wägen

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʋaːɣə(n)/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: wa‧gen
• Rhymes: -aːɣən

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch wāgen, from Old Dutch wagan, from Proto-West Germanic *wagn, from Proto-Germanic *wagnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *woǵʰnos, from *weǵʰ-. Doublet of wagon.

Noun

wagen m (plural wagens, diminutive wagentje n)

1. a wagon, carriage

   Synonyms: kar, wagon

2. (mainly the diminutive) a cart

   Synonym: kar

3. an automobile, car, van

   Synonyms: auto, automobiel, kar

4. a sled, moving platform on wheels or rails a heavy machine etc. is mounted on
5. (metonymically) a load filling one of the above vehicles

   Synonym: wagenlading

Derived terms

• benenwagen
• wagenmaken
• wagenpark
• wagenstad
• wagenwijd
• wagenziekte

 

- vehicle types

• aanhangwagen
• bedrijfswagen
• beerwagen
• bestelwagen
• dienstwagen
• goederenwagen
• hooiwagen
• huurwagen
• ijscowagen
• kinderwagen
• lastwagen
• lijkwagen
• personenwagen
• politiewagen
• praalwagen
• racewagen
• salariswagen
• strijdwagen
• takelwagen
• terreinwagen
• vechtwagen
• verhuiswagen
• vervangwagen
• vluchtwagen
• volgwagen
• vrachtwagen
• winkelwagen
• ziekenwagen
• zijspanwagen

 

Related terms

• wagon

Descendants

• Afrikaans: wa
• Jersey Dutch: wâxe
• → Lokono: wagen
• → Sranan Tongo: wagi
  • → Aukan: wagi
  • → Caribbean Javanese: wagé
  • → Saramaccan: wági

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch wâgen. Equivalent to waag (“weighing scales”) +‎ -en.

Verb

wagen

1. (intransitive) to venture, take risks
2. (transitive) to dare, presume
3. (transitive) to risk, to jeopardize

Conjugation

Conjugation of wagen (weak)
infinitive	wagen
past singular	waagde
past participle	gewaagd
infinitive	wagen
gerund	wagen n
	present tense	past tense
1st person singular	waag	waagde
2nd person sing. (jij)	waagt, waag2	waagde
2nd person sing. (u)	waagt	waagde
2nd person sing. (gij)	waagt	waagde
3rd person singular	waagt	waagde
plural	wagen	waagden
subjunctive sing.1	wage	waagde
subjunctive plur.1	wagen	waagden
imperative sing.	waag
imperative plur.1	waagt
participles	wagend	gewaagd
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion.

Synonyms

• durven
• riskeren

Derived terms

• waaghals
• waagstuk
• wie niet waagt, die niet wint

Etymology 3

From Middle Dutch wāgen, from Old Dutch *wagon, from Proto-West Germanic *wagōn, from Proto-Germanic *wagōną.

Verb

wagen

1. (transitive) to move
2. (intransitive) to be moved, literally or figuratively in many senses

Conjugation

Conjugation of wagen (weak)
infinitive	wagen
past singular	waagde
past participle	gewaagd
infinitive	wagen
gerund	wagen n
	present tense	past tense
1st person singular	waag	waagde
2nd person sing. (jij)	waagt, waag2	waagde
2nd person sing. (u)	waagt	waagde
2nd person sing. (gij)	waagt	waagde
3rd person singular	waagt	waagde
plural	wagen	waagden
subjunctive sing.1	wage	waagde
subjunctive plur.1	wagen	waagden
imperative sing.	waag
imperative plur.1	waagt
participles	wagend	gewaagd
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion.

Derived terms

• wagebaard
• waagboom

Related terms

• gewagen

Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

wagen

1. plural of waag

German

Etymology

From Middle High German wāgen, from Old High German wāga (“scales, balance; weight”), in the sense of to venture on a new object's weight. More at Waage.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈvaːɡən/, [ˈvaːɡŋ̩]

• Audio (Austria):

  (file)

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aːɡn̩
• Homophones: vagen, Waagen, Wagen
• Hyphenation: wa‧gen

Verb

wagen (weak, third-person singular present wagt, past tense wagte, past participle gewagt, auxiliary haben)

1. to dare (to do something)
2. (reflexive) to venture (go despite any danger)
3. to risk, jeopardize

Conjugation

Conjugation of wagen (weak, auxiliary haben)

infinitive		wagen
present participle		wagend
past participle		gewagt
auxiliary		haben
	indicative			subjunctive
	singular	plural		singular	plural
present	ich wage	wir wagen	i	ich wage	wir wagen
	du wagst	ihr wagt		du wagest	ihr waget
	er wagt	sie wagen		er wage	sie wagen
preterite	ich wagte	wir wagten	ii	ich wagte1	wir wagten1
	du wagtest	ihr wagtet		du wagtest1	ihr wagtet1
	er wagte	sie wagten		er wagte1	sie wagten1
imperative	wag (du) wage (du)	wagt (ihr)

¹Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.

Composed forms of wagen (weak, auxiliary haben)

perfect
	singular	plural		singular	plural
indicative	ich habe gewagt	wir haben gewagt	subjunctive	ich habe gewagt	wir haben gewagt
	du hast gewagt	ihr habt gewagt		du habest gewagt	ihr habet gewagt
	er hat gewagt	sie haben gewagt		er habe gewagt	sie haben gewagt
pluperfect
indicative	ich hatte gewagt	wir hatten gewagt	subjunctive	ich hätte gewagt	wir hätten gewagt
	du hattest gewagt	ihr hattet gewagt		du hättest gewagt	ihr hättet gewagt
	er hatte gewagt	sie hatten gewagt		er hätte gewagt	sie hätten gewagt
future i
infinitive	wagen werden		subjunctive i	ich werde wagen	wir werden wagen
				du werdest wagen	ihr werdet wagen
				er werde wagen	sie werden wagen
indicative	ich werde wagen	wir werden wagen	subjunctive ii	ich würde wagen	wir würden wagen
	du wirst wagen	ihr werdet wagen		du würdest wagen	ihr würdet wagen
	er wird wagen	sie werden wagen		er würde wagen	sie würden wagen
future ii
infinitive	gewagt haben werden		subjunctive i	ich werde gewagt haben	wir werden gewagt haben
				du werdest gewagt haben	ihr werdet gewagt haben
				er werde gewagt haben	sie werden gewagt haben
indicative	ich werde gewagt haben	wir werden gewagt haben	subjunctive ii	ich würde gewagt haben	wir würden gewagt haben
	du wirst gewagt haben	ihr werdet gewagt haben		du würdest gewagt haben	ihr würdet gewagt haben
	er wird gewagt haben	sie werden gewagt haben		er würde gewagt haben	sie würden gewagt haben

Derived terms

• Wagen
• Wager

Further reading

• “wagen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
• “wagen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
• “wagen” in Duden online
• “wagen” in OpenThesaurus.de

Middle Dutch

Etymology 1

From Old Dutch *wagan, from Proto-West Germanic *wagn.

Noun

wāgen m

1. A wagon, cart.

Inflection

Declension of wagen (strong)

	Singular	Plural
nominative	wagen	wagene
accusative	wagen	wagene
genitive	wagens	wagene
dative	wagene	wagenen

Descendants

• Dutch: wagen
• Limburgish: wage
• → English: wagon, waggon (British, dated)
  • → Dutch: wagon
  • → French: wagon (see there for further descendants)
  • → German: Waggon
  • → Japanese: わごん, ワゴン (wagon)
  • → Polish: wagon
  • → Spanish: vagón
• → Scots: waggen, wagun, wagoun

Etymology 2

From Old Dutch *wagon, from Proto-West Germanic *wagōn, from Proto-Germanic *wagōną.

Verb

wāgen

1. To venture.

Inflection

Weak
Infinitive	wāgen
3rd sg. past	—
3rd pl. past	—
Past participle	—
Infinitive	wāgen
In genitive	wāgens
In dative	wāgene
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	wāge	—
2nd singular	wāechs, wāges	—
3rd singular	wāecht, wāget	—
1st plural	wāgen	—
2nd plural	wāecht, wāget	—
3rd plural	wāgen	—
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	wāge	—
2nd singular	wāechs, wāges	—
3rd singular	wāge	—
1st plural	wāgen	—
2nd plural	wāecht, wāget	—
3rd plural	wāgen	—
Imperative	Present
Singular	wāech, wāge
Plural	wāecht, wāget
	Present	Past
Participle	wāgende	—

Descendants

• Dutch: wagen
• Limburgish: wage

Etymology 3

From wâge +‎ -en.

Verb

wâgen

1. To weigh, to determine the weight of.

Inflection

Weak
Infinitive	wâgen
3rd sg. past	—
3rd pl. past	—
Past participle	—
Infinitive	wâgen
In genitive	wâgens
In dative	wâgene
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	wâge	—
2nd singular	wâechs, wâges	—
3rd singular	wâecht, wâget	—
1st plural	wâgen	—
2nd plural	wâecht, wâget	—
3rd plural	wâgen	—
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	wâge	—
2nd singular	wâechs, wâges	—
3rd singular	wâge	—
1st plural	wâgen	—
2nd plural	wâecht, wâget	—
3rd plural	wâgen	—
Imperative	Present
Singular	wâech, wâge
Plural	wâecht, wâget
	Present	Past
Participle	wâgende	—

Descendants

• Dutch: wagen
• Limburgish: waoge

Further reading

• “waghen (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• “waghen (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• “waghen (IV)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “wagen (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “wagen (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “wagen (VI)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page VI

Middle English

Alternative forms

• wage, wajon, wagge

Etymology

From Old Northern French wagier; equivalent to wage +‎ -en (infinitival suffix). Doublet of wedden.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈwaːdʒən/

Verb

wagen

1. (transitive) To employ, use, or utilise a person.
2. (transitive) To give an item or a person as security or as a guarantee.
3. (transitive) To risk, potentially endanger.
4. (transitive, rare) To promise to avoid.

Usage notes

In the term wagen batayle (probably from the sense "to risk"; i.e. "to risk battle"), the word approaches something similar to the sense of English (to) wage.

Conjugation

Conjugation of wagen (weak in -ed)

infinitive	(to) wagen, wage
	present tense	past tense
1st-person singular	wage	waged
2nd-person singular	wagest	wagedest
3rd-person singular	wageth	waged
subjunctive singular	wage
imperative singular		—
plural1	wagen, wage	wageden, wagede
imperative plural	wageth, wage	—
participles	wagynge, wagende	waged, ywaged

¹Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

Related terms

• wajour

Descendants

• English: wage
• Scots: wage

References

• “wāǧen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-23.

Welsh

Alternative forms

• gwagen, wagon

Etymology

Borrowed from English wagon.

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈwaɡɛn/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈwa(ː)ɡɛn/

Noun

wagen m (plural wageni or wagenau, not mutable)

1. (vehicles) wagon, wain

Synonyms

• cart
• certwain
• men
• trol
• trỳc

 

Derived terms

• ar y wagen (“teetotal”)
• Jac a'i Wagen (“Charles' Wain, the Big Dipper”)
• Wagen Siarls (“Charles' Wain, the Big Dipper”)

 

Mutation

H-prothesis does not affect this word as the ⟨w⟩ here represents the semivowel /w/ rather than a vowel sound.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “wagen”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies