Smartphone has become an essential part of human lives. People tend to treat it as another part o... more Smartphone has become an essential part of human lives. People tend to treat it as another part of their body. Besides communication purposes, it is used for searching information, monetary transactions, shopping, social networking, entertainment, etc. This study aims at analysing the factors influencing smartphone usage and behavioural changes among college students under four constructs: utilisation, benefits, nomophobic behaviour and perceived risks (UBNR). An instrument was created with factors concerning the research and administered in a top-ranked private university of Bangalore, India. The research was carried out with a total of 122 responses. The results show that there is no significant difference in the attitude of males and females in most of the factors except social anxiety. Females experience more social anxiety and use smartphone more for maintaining their social relationships. There is no significant difference between the age group of students in all the four cons...
There are situations in survey sampling where the study characters are sensitive. Due to the sens... more There are situations in survey sampling where the study characters are sensitive. Due to the sensitivity of characters, practitioners don’t get the actual response. Randomized response technique (RRT) models are developed to reduce the bias raised by an evasive response on the sensitive variable. The measurement error (ME) is usually always present in the surveys so we need to study the RRT models with ME. We propose an estimator to predict the population mean of a sensitive variable in the influence of ME. The properties of the proposed estimator are studied and comparisons are made with the existing estimators. At last, a simulation study is executed to illustrate the results numerically.
The purpose of any statistical analysis is to uncover the trend using real situations and provide... more The purpose of any statistical analysis is to uncover the trend using real situations and provide an accurate model for future policies. In order to fulfill this aim, it is important to collect and use the data carefully and minimize the possibility of various types of errors. Nonresponse (NR) and measurement error (ME) are the two major types of nonsampling error that occur in almost every survey. We propose an estimator of the population mean and study its efficacy in the combined and separate effects of NR and ME. Some existing estimators are also considered for comparison. A simulation study was performed to see its efficiency numerically.
Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation, 2020
In the present paper, a general class of estimators has been proposed for estimating the populati... more In the present paper, a general class of estimators has been proposed for estimating the population mean of the study variable using auxiliary variable when the population mean of the auxiliary variable is known in stratified random sampling. The bias and mean squared error of the proposed class of estimators are derived under stratified sampling to the first degree of approximation. Members of the proposed class of estimators are also obtained by giving suitable values to the constants used. Comparisons of the proposed strategy with the usual unbiased estimator and other estimators have been made. Empirical and simulation study is carried out to demonstrate the performance of the proposed estimator.
Drought stress in maize often results in poor growth and reduced yield. Antioxidants play vital r... more Drought stress in maize often results in poor growth and reduced yield. Antioxidants play vital role in management of abiotic stresses. Drought or water deficit are detrimental to young seedlings establishment and transition from vegetative to reproductive growth in maize. Paclobutrazol (PBZ) has been widely used to confer abiotic stress tolerance in plants, however, its impact on root developmental attributes in maize and their relevance in drought management are least understood. Comprehensive experiments over a three year period (2017-2019) under early deficit (EDI) and terminal deficit (TDI) irrigation with or without paclobutrazol (PBZ) were conducted on five maize varieties (DDKL, DKC-9144, PG-2475, PG-2320 and Bio-9621). Plant shoot and root growth kinetics, phenological changes and physiological perturbations including antioxidant profile coupled with molecular regulation of root traits, showed DKC-9144 as best variety in terms of plant fitness and reproductive performance u...
In the present study, I propose a modified estimator for estimating the population mean of the st... more In the present study, I propose a modified estimator for estimating the population mean of the study variable auxiliary information when the population mean and the population median of the auxiliary variable is known. The expression of bias and mean squared error (MSE) of the proposed estimator is derived. Some existing estimators are also discussed. Comparisons of the proposed estimator with the other estimators are carried out. The results obtained are illustrated numerically by using three natural populations considered in the literature.
This paper suggests a new class of estimators under the general framework of two phase sampling s... more This paper suggests a new class of estimators under the general framework of two phase sampling scheme using auxiliary information where there is non-response on study as well as auxiliary variables. The expressions of bias and mean squared error (MSE) of the suggested class of estimators were obtained. Some estimators are also derived from the proposed class of estimators by allocating the suitable values of constants used. It has been shown that the proposed estimator is more efficient than the usual unbiased estimator and other estimators. Moreover, these theoretical findings are supported by simulation.
The present study deals with the examination of the causal relationship between foreign exchange ... more The present study deals with the examination of the causal relationship between foreign exchange rates and Bank stock prices in India from January 2010 to December 2013 using the information of daily closing observations of the NSE Bank Nifty and the nominal Indian Rupee per US dollar exchange rates. The exchange rate of Indian rupee and US Dollar has been taken for the study, because, US dollar is considered as a prominent currency for foreign trade. Statistical tests are applied to study the behavior and dynamics of both the series. The study also investigates the effect of both the time series mutually. The results of the study indicate both Bank Nifty returns and Exchange Rates are not normally distributed. Also it was found that, time series; Exchange rate and Bank Nifty returns are stationary at the level form itself. A negative correlation is observed between Bank Nifty returns and Exchange Rates.
The mobile application industry is one of the fastest growing industries today. Every morning we ... more The mobile application industry is one of the fastest growing industries today. Every morning we hear about new applications and their benefits. A lot of research supports the fact that Gen Y is the largest pool of Mobile application users. In the present study the researchers have studied the types of applications preferred by GenY. The results say that the utility based applications score in preference over the other types. Gen Y is also demanding more of travel related informative applications.
The E-Commerce industry is one of the fastest growing industries in India. Every morning we hear ... more The E-Commerce industry is one of the fastest growing industries in India. Every morning we hear about new E-Commventures and their success. The smartphone boom in the world and in India is going to transcend E-Commerce to an altogether new level. M-Commerce is setting its feet in the Indian Market. A lot of research supports the fact that Gen Y is the largest pool of Mobile users. In the present study the researchers have studied the parameters which could make M Commerce an instant hit amongst Gen Y. Descriptive research design was used for the research. Convenience sampling was used to conduct the survey.Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyse the data. The results validate TAM and add that Perceived Trust and self-Efficacy directly influence behavioural intentions, hence adding new constructs to TAM.
In this paper, we suggest an estimator of the population mean of the variable of interest y in th... more In this paper, we suggest an estimator of the population mean of the variable of interest y in the presence of non-response using exponential estimator in two situations. We obtain expressions for the bias, mean square error, and optimum values of n and g (the inverse sampling rate) for the suggested estimators. The performance of the suggested estimator is compared theoretically and numerically with the Hansen and Hurwitz, Cochran and Rao estimators. Both numerical and theoretical results are encouraging.
Over the years, academic cheating continues to be an endemic issue that has always been a threat ... more Over the years, academic cheating continues to be an endemic issue that has always been a threat to academic honesty and social values. Academic dishonesty among the students is a perplexing phenomenon, that exists in every stage of our education system, especially in colleges and universities. College and university administrators admit that academic dishonesty is an issue on campus but they often lack in preparing effective policies and procedures to monitor it and to deal with it. In addition, indecisive perceptions regarding academic dishonesty has adverse effects on paradoxical situation of education. The current study provides the details about the causes that motivate the students to cheat and describes the different forms of cheating practices performed by the students. The purpose of this study is to define the students of University of Jammu what is meant by academic cheating, to determine the factors associated with cheating behaviour and to classify of the students according to their cheating behaviour. From the current study, the main reasons due to which students go for cheating are not knowing/understanding the study material, performance pressure, inadequate exam preparations, etc. Also, around 42%, 6% and 52% of the respondents are found to be occasional, persistent and instantaneous cheaters, respectively. We suggest that students must understand that cheating is wrong not only for the society but also for their own knowledge because by indulging in cheating students prevent them from learning what they are studying and hence, deteriorate the intellectual human resource of the country.
In the present study, I propose a modified estimator for estimating the population mean of the st... more In the present study, I propose a modified estimator for estimating the population mean of the study variable auxiliary information when the population mean and the population median of the auxiliary variable is known. The expression of bias and mean squared error (MSE) of the proposed estimator is derived. Some existing estimators are also discussed. Comparisons of the proposed estimator with the other estimators are carried out. The results obtained are illustrated numerically by using three natural populations considered in the literature.
This paper suggests a new class of estimators under the general framework of two phase sampling s... more This paper suggests a new class of estimators under the general framework of two phase sampling scheme using auxiliary information where there is non-response on study as well as auxiliary variables. The expressions of bias and mean squared error (MSE) of the suggested class of estimators were obtained. Some estimators are also derived from the proposed class of estimators by allocating the suitable values of constants used. It has been shown that the proposed estimator is more efficient than the usual unbiased estimator and other estimators. Moreover, these theoretical findings are supported by simulation.
The mobile application industry is one of the fastest growing industries today. Every morning we ... more The mobile application industry is one of the fastest growing industries today. Every morning we hear about new applications and their benefits. A lot of research supports the fact that Gen Y is the largest pool of Mobile application users. In the present study the researchers have studied the types of applications preferred by GenY. The results say that the utility based applications score in preference over the other types. Gen Y is also demanding more of travel related informative applications.
The present study deals with the examination of the causal relationship between foreign exchange ... more The present study deals with the examination of the causal relationship between foreign exchange rates and Bank stock prices in India from January 2010 to December 2013 using the information of daily closing observations of the NSE Bank Nifty and the nominal Indian Rupee per US dollar exchange rates. The exchange rate of Indian rupee and US Dollar has been taken for the study, because, US dollar is considered as a prominent currency for foreign trade. Statistical tests are applied to study the behavior and dynamics of both the series. The study also investigates the effect of both the time series mutually. The results of the study indicate both Bank Nifty returns and Exchange Rates are not normally distributed. Also it was found that, time series; Exchange rate and Bank Nifty returns are stationary at the level form itself. A negative correlation is observed between Bank Nifty returns and Exchange Rates.
The E-Commerce industry is one of the fastest growing industries in India. Every morning we hear ... more The E-Commerce industry is one of the fastest growing industries in India. Every morning we hear about new E-Commventures and their success. The smartphone boom in the world and in India is going to transcend E-Commerce to an altogether new level. M-Commerce is setting its feet in the Indian Market. A lot of research supports the fact that Gen Y is the largest pool of Mobile users. In the present study the researchers have studied the parameters which could make M Commerce an instant hit amongst GenY. Descriptive research design was used for the research. Convenience sampling was used to conduct the survey.Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyse the data. The results validate TAM and add that Perceived Trust and Self-Efficacy directly influence behavioural intentions, hence adding new constructs to TAM.
Smartphone has become an essential part of human lives. People tend to treat it as another part o... more Smartphone has become an essential part of human lives. People tend to treat it as another part of their body. Besides communication purposes, it is used for searching information, monetary transactions, shopping, social networking, entertainment, etc. This study aims at analysing the factors influencing smartphone usage and behavioural changes among college students under four constructs: utilisation, benefits, nomophobic behaviour and perceived risks (UBNR). An instrument was created with factors concerning the research and administered in a top-ranked private university of Bangalore, India. The research was carried out with a total of 122 responses. The results show that there is no significant difference in the attitude of males and females in most of the factors except social anxiety. Females experience more social anxiety and use smartphone more for maintaining their social relationships. There is no significant difference between the age group of students in all the four cons...
There are situations in survey sampling where the study characters are sensitive. Due to the sens... more There are situations in survey sampling where the study characters are sensitive. Due to the sensitivity of characters, practitioners don’t get the actual response. Randomized response technique (RRT) models are developed to reduce the bias raised by an evasive response on the sensitive variable. The measurement error (ME) is usually always present in the surveys so we need to study the RRT models with ME. We propose an estimator to predict the population mean of a sensitive variable in the influence of ME. The properties of the proposed estimator are studied and comparisons are made with the existing estimators. At last, a simulation study is executed to illustrate the results numerically.
The purpose of any statistical analysis is to uncover the trend using real situations and provide... more The purpose of any statistical analysis is to uncover the trend using real situations and provide an accurate model for future policies. In order to fulfill this aim, it is important to collect and use the data carefully and minimize the possibility of various types of errors. Nonresponse (NR) and measurement error (ME) are the two major types of nonsampling error that occur in almost every survey. We propose an estimator of the population mean and study its efficacy in the combined and separate effects of NR and ME. Some existing estimators are also considered for comparison. A simulation study was performed to see its efficiency numerically.
Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation, 2020
In the present paper, a general class of estimators has been proposed for estimating the populati... more In the present paper, a general class of estimators has been proposed for estimating the population mean of the study variable using auxiliary variable when the population mean of the auxiliary variable is known in stratified random sampling. The bias and mean squared error of the proposed class of estimators are derived under stratified sampling to the first degree of approximation. Members of the proposed class of estimators are also obtained by giving suitable values to the constants used. Comparisons of the proposed strategy with the usual unbiased estimator and other estimators have been made. Empirical and simulation study is carried out to demonstrate the performance of the proposed estimator.
Drought stress in maize often results in poor growth and reduced yield. Antioxidants play vital r... more Drought stress in maize often results in poor growth and reduced yield. Antioxidants play vital role in management of abiotic stresses. Drought or water deficit are detrimental to young seedlings establishment and transition from vegetative to reproductive growth in maize. Paclobutrazol (PBZ) has been widely used to confer abiotic stress tolerance in plants, however, its impact on root developmental attributes in maize and their relevance in drought management are least understood. Comprehensive experiments over a three year period (2017-2019) under early deficit (EDI) and terminal deficit (TDI) irrigation with or without paclobutrazol (PBZ) were conducted on five maize varieties (DDKL, DKC-9144, PG-2475, PG-2320 and Bio-9621). Plant shoot and root growth kinetics, phenological changes and physiological perturbations including antioxidant profile coupled with molecular regulation of root traits, showed DKC-9144 as best variety in terms of plant fitness and reproductive performance u...
In the present study, I propose a modified estimator for estimating the population mean of the st... more In the present study, I propose a modified estimator for estimating the population mean of the study variable auxiliary information when the population mean and the population median of the auxiliary variable is known. The expression of bias and mean squared error (MSE) of the proposed estimator is derived. Some existing estimators are also discussed. Comparisons of the proposed estimator with the other estimators are carried out. The results obtained are illustrated numerically by using three natural populations considered in the literature.
This paper suggests a new class of estimators under the general framework of two phase sampling s... more This paper suggests a new class of estimators under the general framework of two phase sampling scheme using auxiliary information where there is non-response on study as well as auxiliary variables. The expressions of bias and mean squared error (MSE) of the suggested class of estimators were obtained. Some estimators are also derived from the proposed class of estimators by allocating the suitable values of constants used. It has been shown that the proposed estimator is more efficient than the usual unbiased estimator and other estimators. Moreover, these theoretical findings are supported by simulation.
The present study deals with the examination of the causal relationship between foreign exchange ... more The present study deals with the examination of the causal relationship between foreign exchange rates and Bank stock prices in India from January 2010 to December 2013 using the information of daily closing observations of the NSE Bank Nifty and the nominal Indian Rupee per US dollar exchange rates. The exchange rate of Indian rupee and US Dollar has been taken for the study, because, US dollar is considered as a prominent currency for foreign trade. Statistical tests are applied to study the behavior and dynamics of both the series. The study also investigates the effect of both the time series mutually. The results of the study indicate both Bank Nifty returns and Exchange Rates are not normally distributed. Also it was found that, time series; Exchange rate and Bank Nifty returns are stationary at the level form itself. A negative correlation is observed between Bank Nifty returns and Exchange Rates.
The mobile application industry is one of the fastest growing industries today. Every morning we ... more The mobile application industry is one of the fastest growing industries today. Every morning we hear about new applications and their benefits. A lot of research supports the fact that Gen Y is the largest pool of Mobile application users. In the present study the researchers have studied the types of applications preferred by GenY. The results say that the utility based applications score in preference over the other types. Gen Y is also demanding more of travel related informative applications.
The E-Commerce industry is one of the fastest growing industries in India. Every morning we hear ... more The E-Commerce industry is one of the fastest growing industries in India. Every morning we hear about new E-Commventures and their success. The smartphone boom in the world and in India is going to transcend E-Commerce to an altogether new level. M-Commerce is setting its feet in the Indian Market. A lot of research supports the fact that Gen Y is the largest pool of Mobile users. In the present study the researchers have studied the parameters which could make M Commerce an instant hit amongst Gen Y. Descriptive research design was used for the research. Convenience sampling was used to conduct the survey.Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyse the data. The results validate TAM and add that Perceived Trust and self-Efficacy directly influence behavioural intentions, hence adding new constructs to TAM.
In this paper, we suggest an estimator of the population mean of the variable of interest y in th... more In this paper, we suggest an estimator of the population mean of the variable of interest y in the presence of non-response using exponential estimator in two situations. We obtain expressions for the bias, mean square error, and optimum values of n and g (the inverse sampling rate) for the suggested estimators. The performance of the suggested estimator is compared theoretically and numerically with the Hansen and Hurwitz, Cochran and Rao estimators. Both numerical and theoretical results are encouraging.
Over the years, academic cheating continues to be an endemic issue that has always been a threat ... more Over the years, academic cheating continues to be an endemic issue that has always been a threat to academic honesty and social values. Academic dishonesty among the students is a perplexing phenomenon, that exists in every stage of our education system, especially in colleges and universities. College and university administrators admit that academic dishonesty is an issue on campus but they often lack in preparing effective policies and procedures to monitor it and to deal with it. In addition, indecisive perceptions regarding academic dishonesty has adverse effects on paradoxical situation of education. The current study provides the details about the causes that motivate the students to cheat and describes the different forms of cheating practices performed by the students. The purpose of this study is to define the students of University of Jammu what is meant by academic cheating, to determine the factors associated with cheating behaviour and to classify of the students according to their cheating behaviour. From the current study, the main reasons due to which students go for cheating are not knowing/understanding the study material, performance pressure, inadequate exam preparations, etc. Also, around 42%, 6% and 52% of the respondents are found to be occasional, persistent and instantaneous cheaters, respectively. We suggest that students must understand that cheating is wrong not only for the society but also for their own knowledge because by indulging in cheating students prevent them from learning what they are studying and hence, deteriorate the intellectual human resource of the country.
In the present study, I propose a modified estimator for estimating the population mean of the st... more In the present study, I propose a modified estimator for estimating the population mean of the study variable auxiliary information when the population mean and the population median of the auxiliary variable is known. The expression of bias and mean squared error (MSE) of the proposed estimator is derived. Some existing estimators are also discussed. Comparisons of the proposed estimator with the other estimators are carried out. The results obtained are illustrated numerically by using three natural populations considered in the literature.
This paper suggests a new class of estimators under the general framework of two phase sampling s... more This paper suggests a new class of estimators under the general framework of two phase sampling scheme using auxiliary information where there is non-response on study as well as auxiliary variables. The expressions of bias and mean squared error (MSE) of the suggested class of estimators were obtained. Some estimators are also derived from the proposed class of estimators by allocating the suitable values of constants used. It has been shown that the proposed estimator is more efficient than the usual unbiased estimator and other estimators. Moreover, these theoretical findings are supported by simulation.
The mobile application industry is one of the fastest growing industries today. Every morning we ... more The mobile application industry is one of the fastest growing industries today. Every morning we hear about new applications and their benefits. A lot of research supports the fact that Gen Y is the largest pool of Mobile application users. In the present study the researchers have studied the types of applications preferred by GenY. The results say that the utility based applications score in preference over the other types. Gen Y is also demanding more of travel related informative applications.
The present study deals with the examination of the causal relationship between foreign exchange ... more The present study deals with the examination of the causal relationship between foreign exchange rates and Bank stock prices in India from January 2010 to December 2013 using the information of daily closing observations of the NSE Bank Nifty and the nominal Indian Rupee per US dollar exchange rates. The exchange rate of Indian rupee and US Dollar has been taken for the study, because, US dollar is considered as a prominent currency for foreign trade. Statistical tests are applied to study the behavior and dynamics of both the series. The study also investigates the effect of both the time series mutually. The results of the study indicate both Bank Nifty returns and Exchange Rates are not normally distributed. Also it was found that, time series; Exchange rate and Bank Nifty returns are stationary at the level form itself. A negative correlation is observed between Bank Nifty returns and Exchange Rates.
The E-Commerce industry is one of the fastest growing industries in India. Every morning we hear ... more The E-Commerce industry is one of the fastest growing industries in India. Every morning we hear about new E-Commventures and their success. The smartphone boom in the world and in India is going to transcend E-Commerce to an altogether new level. M-Commerce is setting its feet in the Indian Market. A lot of research supports the fact that Gen Y is the largest pool of Mobile users. In the present study the researchers have studied the parameters which could make M Commerce an instant hit amongst GenY. Descriptive research design was used for the research. Convenience sampling was used to conduct the survey.Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyse the data. The results validate TAM and add that Perceived Trust and Self-Efficacy directly influence behavioural intentions, hence adding new constructs to TAM.
The purpose of any statistical analysis is to uncover the trend using real situations and provide... more The purpose of any statistical analysis is to uncover the trend using real situations and provide an accurate model for future policies. In order to fulfill this aim, it is important to collect and use the data carefully and minimize the possibility of various types of errors. Nonresponse (NR) and measurement error (ME) are the two major types of nonsampling error that occur in almost every survey. We propose an estimator of the population mean and study its efficacy in the combined and separate effects of NR and ME. Some existing estimators are also considered for comparison. A simulation study was performed to see its efficiency numerically.
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Papers by Sunil Bhougal
of the suggested class of estimators were obtained. Some estimators are also derived from the proposed class of estimators by allocating the suitable values of constants used. It has been shown that the proposed estimator is more efficient than the usual unbiased estimator and other estimators. Moreover, these theoretical findings are supported by simulation.
statistics was used to analyse the data. The results validate TAM and add that Perceived Trust and Self-Efficacy directly influence behavioural intentions, hence adding new constructs to TAM.
of the suggested class of estimators were obtained. Some estimators are also derived from the proposed class of estimators by allocating the suitable values of constants used. It has been shown that the proposed estimator is more efficient than the usual unbiased estimator and other estimators. Moreover, these theoretical findings are supported by simulation.
statistics was used to analyse the data. The results validate TAM and add that Perceived Trust and Self-Efficacy directly influence behavioural intentions, hence adding new constructs to TAM.